Axiom
comment: Bridge axiom retained to keep manufacturer role in the BFO role hierarchy without using the duplicate LOG manufacturer role.
annotated property: subClassOf
annotated source: manufacturer role
annotated target: role

Axiom
comment: Bridge axiom retained for asserted hierarchy display in release artifacts.
annotated property: subClassOf
annotated source: material
annotated target: portion of matter

Axiom
comment: Due to the duality of object and portion of matter this axiom can not be an equivalent class axiom.
annotated property: subClassOf
annotated source: material property
annotated target: Restriction

Axiom
comment: Bridge axiom retained for asserted hierarchy display in release artifacts.
annotated property: subClassOf
annotated source: metal
annotated target: material

Axiom
comment: Due to the duality of object and portion of matter this axiom can not be an equivalent class axiom.
annotated property: subClassOf
annotated source: intensive quality
annotated target: Restriction

Axiom
comment: "occurrent part of" is not a BFO2020 temporalized relation. It just restricts the domain and range to "occurrent". That's why is should be OK to make it sub property of RO "part of"
annotated property: subPropertyOf
annotated source: occurrent part of
annotated target: part of

Axiom
comment: Bridge axiom retained for asserted hierarchy display in release artifacts.
annotated property: subClassOf
annotated source: transportation service
annotated target: logistics service

Axiom
comment: Bridge axiom retained for asserted hierarchy display in release artifacts.
annotated property: subClassOf
annotated source: packaging process
annotated target: business process

Axiom
comment: Bridge axiom retained for asserted hierarchy display in release artifacts.
annotated property: subClassOf
annotated source: shipment preparation process
annotated target: business process

entity
type: Class
definition: (Elucidation) An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist
example: Julius Caesar; the Second World War; your body mass index; Verdi's Requiem

continuant
type: Class
subclass of: entity
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: continuant
  on property: part of
disjoint with: occurrent
disjoint with: Restriction
  on property: part of
  some values from: occurrent
definition: (Elucidation) A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity
example: A human being; a tennis ball; a cave; a region of space; someone's temperature

occurrent
type: Class
subclass of: entity
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: occurrent
  on property: part of
disjoint with: Restriction
  on property: part of
  some values from: continuant
definition: (Elucidation) An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the start or end of such an entity or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region
example: As for process, history, process boundary, spatiotemporal region, zero-dimensional temporal region, one-dimensional temporal region, temporal interval, temporal instant.

independent continuant
type: Class
subclass of: continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: independent continuant
  on property: part of
disjoint with: specifically dependent continuant
disjoint with: generically dependent continuant
definition: b is an independent continuant =Def b is a continuant & there is no c such that b specifically depends on c or b generically depends on c
example: An atom; a molecule; an organism; a heart; a chair; the bottom right portion of a human torso; a leg; the interior of your mouth; a spatial region; an orchestra

spatial region
type: Class
subclass of: immaterial entity
definition: (Elucidation) A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant part of the spatial projection of a portion of spacetime at a given time
example: As for zero-dimensional spatial region, one-dimensional spatial region, two-dimensional spatial region, three-dimensional spatial region

temporal region
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: temporal region
  on property: occurrent part of
definition: (Elucidation) A temporal region is an occurrent over which processes can unfold
example: As for zero-dimensional temporal region and one-dimensional temporal region

spatiotemporal region
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: spatiotemporal region
  on property: occurrent part of
definition: (Elucidation) A spatiotemporal region is an occurrent that is an occurrent part of spacetime
example: The spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumour; the spatiotemporal region occupied by an orbiting satellite

process
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: Class
    union of: process
    union of: process boundary
  on property: has occurrent part
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: process
  on property: occurrent part of
definition: (Elucidation) p is a process means p is an occurrent that has some temporal proper part and for some time t, p has some material entity as participant
example: An act of selling; the life of an organism; a process of sleeping; a process of cell-division; a beating of the heart; a process of meiosis; the taxiing of an aircraft; the programming of a computer

disposition
type: Class
subclass of: realizable entity
disjoint with: role
definition: (Elucidation) A disposition b is a realizable entity such that if b ceases to exist then its bearer is physically changed & b's realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer's physical make-up
example: An atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y; the cell wall is disposed to transport cellular material through endocytosis and exocytosis; certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer; children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways

realizable entity
type: Class
subclass of: specifically dependent continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: realizable entity
  on property: part of
disjoint with: quality
definition: (Elucidation) A realizable entity is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region & which is of a type some instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type
example: The role of being a doctor; the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet; the function of your reproductive organs; the disposition of your blood to coagulate; the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity

quality
type: Class
subclass of: specifically dependent continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: quality
  on property: part of
definition: (Elucidation) A quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized
example: The colour of a tomato; the ambient temperature of this portion of air; the length of the circumference of your waist; the shape of your nose; the shape of your nostril; the mass of this piece of gold

specifically dependent continuant
type: Class
subclass of: continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: specifically dependent continuant
  on property: part of
disjoint with: generically dependent continuant
definition: b is a specifically dependent continuant =Def b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region & which is such that b specifically depends on c
example: (with multiple bearers) John's love for Mary; the ownership relation between John and this statue; the relation of authority between John and his subordinates
example: (with one bearer) The mass of this tomato; the pink colour of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its centre; the smell of this portion of mozzarella; the disposition of this fish to decay; the role of being a doctor; the function of this heart to pump blood; the shape of this hole

role
type: Class
subclass of: realizable entity
definition: (Elucidation) A role b is a realizable entity such that b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be & b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed
example: The priest role; the student role; the role of subject in a clinical trial; the role of a stone in marking a property boundary; the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighbouring administrative territories; the role of a building in serving as a military target

fiat object part
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
definition: (Elucidation) A fiat object part b is a material entity & such that if b exists then it is continuant part of some object c & demarcated from the remainder of c by one or more fiat surfaces
example: The upper and lower lobes of the left lung; the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body; the Western hemisphere of the Earth; the FMA:regional parts of an intact human body

object aggregate
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
definition: (Elucidation) An object aggregate is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality (≥1) of objects as member parts which together form a unit
example: The aggregate of the musicians in a symphony orchestra and their instruments; the aggregate of bearings in a constant velocity axle joint; the nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere; a collection of cells in a blood biobank

site
type: Class
subclass of: immaterial entity
definition: (Elucidation) A site is a three-dimensional immaterial entity whose boundaries either (partially or wholly) coincide with the boundaries of one or more material entities or have locations determined in relation to some material entity
example: A hole in a portion of cheese; a rabbit hole; the Grand Canyon; the Piazza San Marco; the kangaroo-joey-containing hole of a kangaroo pouch; your left nostril (a fiat part - the opening - of your left nasal cavity); the lumen of your gut; the hold of a ship; the interior of the trunk of your car; hole in an engineered floor joist

object
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
definition: (Elucidation) An object is a material entity which manifests causal unity & is of a type instances of which are maximal relative to the sort of causal unity manifested
example: An organism; a fish tank; a planet; a laptop; a valve; a block of marble; an ice cube

generically dependent continuant
type: Class
subclass of: continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: generically dependent continuant
  on property: part of
definition: (Elucidation) A generically dependent continuant is an entity that exists in virtue of the fact that there is at least one of what may be multiple copies which is the content or the pattern that multiple copies would share
example: The pdf file on your laptop; the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop; the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule; the content that is shared by a string of dots and dashes written on a page and the transmitted Morse code signal; the content of a sentence; an engineering blueprint

function
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
definition: (Elucidation) A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of its bearer's physical make-up & this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artefacts) in order to realize processes of a certain sort
example: The function of a hammer to drive in nails; the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity

process boundary
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: process boundary
  on property: has occurrent part
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: Class
    union of: process
    union of: process boundary
  on property: occurrent part of
definition: p is a process boundary =Def p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts
example: The boundary between the 2nd and 3rd year of your life

one-dimensional temporal region
type: Class
subclass of: temporal region
disjoint with: zero-dimensional temporal region
definition: (Elucidation) A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is a whole that has a temporal interval and zero or more temporal intervals and temporal instants as parts
example: The temporal region during which a process occurs

material entity
type: Class
textual definition: An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time.
subclass of: independent continuant
disjoint with: immaterial entity
definition: (Elucidation) A material entity is an independent continuant has some portion of matter as continuant part
example: A human being; the undetached arm of a human being; an aggregate of human beings

part of
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
textual definition: a core relation that holds between a part and its whole
inverse of: has part

has part
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
textual definition: a core relation that holds between a whole and its part

has realization
type: ObjectProperty
domain: realizable entity
label: realized in
range: process
inverse of: realizes
definition: b has realization c =Def c realizes b
example: As for realizes

realizes
type: ObjectProperty
textual definition: Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process
domain: process
range: realizable entity
definition: (Elucidation) realizes is a relation between a process b and realizable entity c such that c inheres in some d & for all t, if b has participant d then c exists & the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c
example: A balding process realizes a disposition to go bald; a studying process realizes a student role; a process of pumping blood realizes the pumping function of a heart

occurs in
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: process
  union of: process boundary
range: Class
  union of: site
  union of: material entity
definition: b occurs in c =Def b is a process or a process boundary & c is a material entity or site & there exists a spatiotemporal region r & b occupies spatiotemporal region r & for all time t, if b exists at t then c exists at t & there exist spatial regions s and s' where b spatially projects onto s at t & c occupies spatial region s' at t & s is a continuant part of s' at t
example: A process of digestion occurs in the interior of an organism; a process of loading artillery rounds into a tank cannon occurs in the interior of the tank

exists at
type: ObjectProperty
domain: entity
range: temporal region
definition: (Elucidation) exists at is a relation between a particular and some temporal region at which the particular exists
example: First World War exists at 1914-1916; Mexico exists at January 1, 2000

has occurrent part
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
sub property of: has part
inverse of: occurrent part of
definition: b has occurrent part c =Def c occurrent part of b
example: Mary's life has occurrent part Mary's 5th birthday

occurrent part of
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
sub property of: part of
definition: (Elucidation) occurrent part of is a relation between occurrents b and c when b is part of c
example: Mary's 5th birthday is an occurrent part of Mary's life; the first set of the tennis match is an occurrent part of the tennis match

continuant fiat boundary
type: Class
subclass of: immaterial entity
definition: (Elucidation) A continuant fiat boundary b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions & such that there is no time t when b has a spatial region as continuant part & whose location is determined in relation to some material entity
example: As for fiat point, fiat line, fiat surface

immaterial entity
type: Class
subclass of: independent continuant
definition: b is an immaterial entity =Def b is an independent continuant which is such that there is no time t when it has a material entity as continuant part
example: As for fiat point, fiat line, fiat surface, site

relational quality
type: Class
subclass of: quality
definition: b is a relational quality =Def b is a quality & there exists c and d such that c and d are not identical & b specifically depends on c & b specifically depends on d
example: A marriage bond; an instance of love; an obligation between one person and another

zero-dimensional temporal region
type: Class
subclass of: temporal region
definition: (Elucidation) A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is a whole consisting of one or more separated temporal instants as parts
example: A temporal region that is occupied by a process boundary; the moment at which a finger is detached in an industrial accident

bearer of
type: ObjectProperty
definition: A relation between an independent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in it.

inheres in
type: ObjectProperty
definition: A relation between a specifically dependent continuant and the independent continuant that bears it.

occupies temporal region
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: Class
  union of: process
  union of: process boundary
range: temporal region
definition: p occupies temporal region t =Def p is a process or process boundary & the spatiotemporal region occupied by p temporally projects onto t
example: The Second World War occupies the temporal region September 1, 1939 - September 2, 1945

temporal interval
type: Class
subclass of: one-dimensional temporal region
definition: (Elucidation) A temporal interval is a one-dimensional temporal region that is continuous, thus without gaps or breaks
example: The year 2018.

temporal instant
type: Class
subclass of: zero-dimensional temporal region
definition: (Elucidation) A temporal instant is a zero-dimensional temporal region that has no proper temporal part
example: The millennium

first instant of
type: ObjectProperty
domain: temporal instant
range: temporal region
inverse of: has first instant
definition: t first instant of t' =Def t is a temporal instant & t' is a temporal region t' & t precedes all temporal parts of t' other than t
example: An hour starting at midnight yesterday has first instant midnight yesterday

has first instant
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: temporal region
range: temporal instant
definition: t has first instant t' =Def t' first instant of t
example: The first hour of a year has first instant midnight on December 31

last instant of
type: ObjectProperty
domain: temporal instant
range: temporal region
inverse of: has last instant
definition: t last instant of t' =Def t is a temporal instant & t' is a temporal region & all temporal parts of t' other than t precede t
example: Last midnight is the last instant of yesterday

has last instant
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: temporal region
range: temporal instant
definition: t has last instant t' =Def t' last instant of t
example: The last hour of a year has last instant midnight December 31

chemical entity
type: Class
textual definition: A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances.
subclass of: material entity

atom
type: Class
textual definition: A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element.
subclass of: chemical entity

metal atom
type: Class
textual definition: An atom of an element that exhibits typical metallic properties, being typically shiny, with high electrical and thermal conductivity.
subclass of: atom

completely executed planned process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realizes
  some values from: plan
disjoint with: biological_process

planned process
type: Class
textual definition: A process that is initiated by an agent who intends to carry out a plan to achieve an objective through one or more actions as described in a plan specification.
subclass of: process
disjoint with: material reacting process

biological_process
type: Class
textual definition: A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence.
label: biological process
subclass of: process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: process

measurement unit label
type: Class
textual definition: A measurement unit label is as a label that is part of a scalar measurement datum and denotes a unit of measure.
subclass of: datum label

objective specification
type: Class
textual definition: A directive information entity that describes an intended process endpoint. When part of a plan specification the concretization is realized in a planned process in which the bearer tries to effect the world so that the process endpoint is achieved.
subclass of: directive information entity

action specification
type: Class
textual definition: A directive information entity that describes an action the bearer will take.
subclass of: directive information entity

datum label
type: Class
textual definition: A label is a symbol that is part of some other datum and is used to either partially define the denotation of that datum or to provide a means for identifying the datum as a member of the set of data with the same label
subclass of: information content entity

software
type: Class
textual definition: Software is a plan specification composed of a series of instructions that can be interpreted by or directly executed by a processing unit.
subclass of: plan specification

data item
type: Class
textual definition: An information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements.
subclass of: information content entity

information content entity
type: Class
textual definition: A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing.
subclass of: generically dependent continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: entity

directive information entity
type: Class
textual definition: An information content entity whose concretizations indicate to their bearer how to realize them in a process.
subclass of: information content entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: realizable entity

has measurement unit label
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
range: measurement unit label
sub property of: has part

plan specification
type: Class
textual definition: A directive information entity with action specifications and objective specifications as parts, and that may be concretized as a realizable entity that, if realized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives by taking the actions specified.
comment: 2/3/2009 Comment from OBI review. Action specification not well enough specified. Conditional specification not well enough specified. Question whether all plan specifications have objective specifications. Request that IAO either clarify these or change definitions not to use them
subclass of: directive information entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: objective specification
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: action specification

measurement datum
type: Class
textual definition: A measurement datum is an information content entity that is a recording of the output of a measurement such as produced by a device.
subclass of: data item
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has value specification
  some values from: value specification

textual definition
type: AnnotationProperty
textual definition: The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.
textual definition: The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.
label: definition

is about
type: ObjectProperty
textual definition: A (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity.
domain: information content entity
inverse of: is subject of

denotes
type: ObjectProperty
textual definition: A primitive, instance-level, relation obtaining between an information content entity and some portion of reality. Denotation is what happens when someone creates an information content entity E in order to specifically refer to something. The only relation between E and the thing is that E can be used to 'pick out' the thing. This relation connects those two together. Freedictionary.com sense 3: To signify directly; refer to specifically
domain: information content entity
range: entity
sub property of: is about
inverse of: denoted by

is quality measurement of
type: ObjectProperty
textual definition: m is a quality measurement of q at t. When q is a quality, there is a measurement process p that has specified output m, a measurement datum, that is about q
domain: measurement datum
sub property of: is about
inverse of: is quality measured as

denoted by
type: ObjectProperty
textual definition: inverse of the relation 'denotes'
domain: entity
range: information content entity

document
type: Class
textual definition: A collection of information content entities intended to be understood together as a whole
subclass of: information content entity

publication
type: Class
textual definition: A document that is the output of a publishing process.
comment: Revisit the term in Octorber 2020. Improve the defintion.
subclass of: document
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: document
  intersection of: Restriction
    all values from: publishing process
    on property: is specified output of

is quality measured as
type: ObjectProperty
textual definition: inverse of the relation of is quality measurement of

publishing process
type: Class
textual definition: A planned process of making information, such as literature, music, and software etc., available to the public for sale or for free.
subclass of: completely executed planned process

identifier
type: Class
textual definition: An information content entity that is the outcome of a dubbing process and is used to refer to one instance of entity shared by a group of people to refer to that individual entity.
comment: Sep 29, 2016: The current definition has been amended from the previous version: "A proper name is an information content entity that is the outcome of a dubbing process and is used to refer to one instance of entity shared by a group of people to refer to that individual entity." to more accuratly reflect the necessary and sufficient condition on the class. (MB)
subclass of: information content entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: denotes
  some values from: entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is specified output of
  some values from: identifier creating process
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: information content entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: denotes
    some values from: entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is specified output of
    some values from: identifier creating process

identifier creating process
type: Class
textual definition: A planned process that provides a reference to an individual entity shared by a group of subscribers to refer to that individual entity.
subclass of: completely executed planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: identifier
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: completely executed planned process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has specified output
    some values from: identifier

Homo sapiens
type: Class
label: homo sapiens
subclass of: material entity

obsolete planned process
type: Class
textual definition: A process that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification.
comment: Deprecated upstream class retained through import closure; use COB_0000035 instead.
subclass of: completely executed planned process
deprecated: true

evaluant role
type: Class
textual definition: a role that inheres in a material entity that is realized in an assay in which data is generated about the bearer of the evaluant role
subclass of: role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  some values from: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: assay
  on property: has realization

assay
type: Class
textual definition: A planned process that has the objective to produce information about a material entity (the evaluant) by examining it.
subclass of: completely executed planned process
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has specified input
    some values from: material entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has specified output
    some values from: data item
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realizes
  some values from: evaluant role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified input
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: material entity
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has role
      some values from: evaluant role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: data item
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: is about
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: material entity
        intersection of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: achieves_planned_objective
  some values from: objective specification
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: assay measures characteristic
  some values from: Class
    union of: quality
    union of: material property

organization
type: Class
textual definition: An entity that can bear roles, has members, and has a set of organization rules. Members of organizations are either organizations themselves or individual people. Members can bear specific organization member roles that are determined in the organization rules. The organization rules also determine how decisions are made on behalf of the organization by the organization members.
subclass of: material entity

plan
type: Class
textual definition: A plan is a realizable entity that is the inheres in a bearer who is committed to realizing it as a completely executed planned process.
subclass of: realizable entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: concretizes
  some values from: plan specification

has specified input
type: ObjectProperty
textual definition: The inverse property of is specified input of
domain: completely executed planned process
sub property of: has participant
inverse of: is specified input of

is specified input of
type: ObjectProperty
textual definition: A relation between a completely executed planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
range: completely executed planned process
sub property of: participates in

has specified output
type: ObjectProperty
textual definition: The inverse property of is specified output of
domain: completely executed planned process
sub property of: has participant
equivalent property:
  inverse of: is specified output of
inverse of: is specified output of

is specified output of
type: ObjectProperty
textual definition: A relation between a completely executed planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
range: completely executed planned process
sub property of: participates in

achieves_planned_objective
type: ObjectProperty
textual definition: This relation obtains between a planned process and a objective specification when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process.
domain: completely executed planned process
range: objective specification

manufacturer role
type: Class
textual definition: Manufacturer role is a role which inheres in a person or organization and which is realized by a manufacturing process.
subclass of: role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  some values from: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  some values from: Class
    union of: Homo sapiens
    union of: organization

manufacturer
type: Class
textual definition: A person or organization that has a manufacturer role.
subclass of: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has role
  some values from: manufacturer role
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Class
    union of: Homo sapiens
    union of: organization
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has role
    some values from: manufacturer role

specifies value of
type: ObjectProperty
textual definition: A relation between a value specification and an entity which the specification is about.
domain: value specification
sub property of: is about
inverse of: specified by value

categorical value specification
type: Class
textual definition: A value specification that is specifies one category out of a fixed number of nominal categories
subclass of: value specification

scalar value specification
type: Class
textual definition: A value specification that consists of two parts: a numeral and a unit label
subclass of: value specification
subclass of: Restriction
  min cardinality: 1
  on property: has specified numeric value

value specification
type: Class
textual definition: An information content entity that specifies a value within a classification scheme or on a quantitative scale.
subclass of: information content entity

has specified numeric value
type: DatatypeProperty
textual definition: A relation between a value specification and a number that quantifies it.
domain: value specification
sub property of: has specified value

has value specification
type: ObjectProperty
textual definition: A relation between an information content entity and a value specification that specifies its value.
domain: information content entity
range: value specification
sub property of: has part

has specified value
type: DatatypeProperty
textual definition: A relation between a value specification and a literal.
domain: value specification

characteristic of
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
textual definition: a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence.
comment: Note that this relation was previously called "inheres in", but was changed to be called "characteristic of" because BFO2 uses "inheres in" in a more restricted fashion. This relation differs from BFO2:inheres_in in two respects: (1) it does not impose a range constraint, and thus it allows qualities of processes, as well as of information entities, whereas BFO2 restricts inheres_in to only apply to independent continuants (2) it is declared functional, i.e. something can only be a characteristic of one thing.
inverse of: has characteristic

has characteristic
type: ObjectProperty
type: InverseFunctionalProperty
textual definition: Inverse of characteristic_of
range: specifically dependent continuant

participates in
type: ObjectProperty
textual definition: a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
domain: continuant
range: occurrent
inverse of: has participant

has participant
type: ObjectProperty
textual definition: a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
domain: occurrent
range: continuant
property chain axiom: has part

is concretized as
type: ObjectProperty
textual definition: A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant or process, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant or process in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant or process also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants or processes.
textual definition: A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants.
domain: generically dependent continuant
range: Class
  union of: process
  union of: specifically dependent continuant
inverse of: concretizes

concretizes
type: ObjectProperty
textual definition: A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants can concretize the same generically dependent continuant.
textual definition: A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant or process and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant or process also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants or processes can concretize the same generically dependent continuant.
domain: Class
  union of: process
  union of: specifically dependent continuant
range: generically dependent continuant

function of
type: ObjectProperty
textual definition: a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
comment: This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020.
domain: function
sub property of: characteristic of
inverse of: has function

quality of
type: ObjectProperty
textual definition: a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
comment: This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020.
domain: Class
  intersection of: quality
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: relational quality
sub property of: characteristic of
inverse of: has quality

role of
type: ObjectProperty
textual definition: a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
comment: This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020.
sub property of: characteristic of
inverse of: has role

has function
type: ObjectProperty
textual definition: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
domain: independent continuant
range: function
sub property of: has characteristic

has quality
type: ObjectProperty
textual definition: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
range: quality
sub property of: has characteristic

has role
type: ObjectProperty
textual definition: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
domain: independent continuant
range: role
sub property of: has characteristic

has disposition
type: ObjectProperty
textual definition: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
domain: independent continuant
range: disposition
sub property of: has characteristic
inverse of: disposition of

disposition of
type: ObjectProperty
textual definition: inverse of has disposition
comment: This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020.
sub property of: characteristic of

location of
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
textual definition: a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location
inverse of: located in

located in
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
textual definition: a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location
domain: independent continuant
domain: Class
  intersection of: independent continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: spatial region
range: independent continuant
range: Class
  intersection of: independent continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: spatial region
property chain axiom: part of

has input
type: ObjectProperty
textual definition: p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p.
domain: process
sub property of: has participant
inverse of: input of

has output
type: ObjectProperty
textual definition: p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present in the same state at the beginning of p.
sub property of: has participant
inverse of: output of

member of
type: ObjectProperty
textual definition: is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection.
sub property of: part of
inverse of: has member

has member
type: ObjectProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
textual definition: has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item.
sub property of: has part

input of
type: ObjectProperty
textual definition: inverse of has input
sub property of: participates in

output of
type: ObjectProperty
textual definition: inverse of has output
sub property of: participates in

depends on
type: ObjectProperty
definition: A relation between an entity and another entity on which it depends.

assay measures characteristic
type: ObjectProperty
textual definition: A relation between an assay and a characteristic, in which the assay generates a data item which is a measure of a characteristic.
range: specifically dependent continuant
inverse of: characteristic measured by assay

characteristic measured by assay
type: ObjectProperty
textual definition: Inverse of 'assay measures characteristic'
domain: specifically dependent continuant

executes
type: ObjectProperty
textual definition: relationship between a planned process and the plan specification that it carries out; it is defined as equivalent to the composed relationship (realizes o concretizes)
property chain axiom: realizes
property chain axiom: concretizes

Source
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: A reference to a resource from which the present resource is derived.

contributor
type: AnnotationProperty

creator
type: AnnotationProperty

description
type: AnnotationProperty

dcterms:license
type: AnnotationProperty
label: license

title
type: AnnotationProperty

label
type: AnnotationProperty

formal organization
type: Class
subclass of: organization

person
type: Class
subclass of: Homo sapiens

additive role
type: Class
comment: Additives are distinct from fillers (which bulk up volume) and the matrix. They perform specific chemical or physical modifications.
subclass of: role
definition: A role borne by a substance intentionally added in relatively small amounts to modify the processing characteristics, performance properties, or cost of a base material.
example: UV stabilizers added to dashboard polymers to prevent sun damage; Plasticizers added to PVC.

organic colorant
type: Class
comment: Organic colorants (dyes) offer high color strength and brightness but may have lower thermal stability than pigments.
subclass of: natural organic material
disjoint with: inorganic colorant
definition: A natural organic material used as a colorant in a polymer, coating, or other material system.
example: Azo dyes used in interior textile coloring.

inorganic colorant
type: Class
comment: Inorganic colorants (pigments) are generally insoluble and provide opacity and high heat stability.
subclass of: engineered material
definition: An engineered material used as an inorganic colorant in a polymer, coating, or other material system.
example: Titanium dioxide (white) used in car paints.

colorant role
type: Class
comment: This role can be borne by organic dyes or inorganic pigments.
subclass of: additive role
definition: A role borne by an additive substance when its primary function is to impart color to a material.
example: Carbon black acting as a pigment to turn a tire black.

stress at break
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:float; expected unit: MPa.
comment: For brittle materials, this is equal to tensile strength. For ductile materials, it may be lower than the yield point.
subclass of: strength
definition: A strength that quantifies tensile stress at specimen rupture.
example: A value of 150 MPa for a GF-reinforced polymer.

color
type: Class
comment: Can be defined descriptively (Red) or metrologically (L*a*b* coordinates).
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:string; expected unit: not specified.
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: An optical property that characterizes reflected or transmitted light by hue, saturation, and brightness.
example: The 'Piano Black' finish on a B-pillar trim.

polyamide
type: Class
comment: Polyamides are semi-crystalline polymers known for good thermal and chemical resistance.
subclass of: thermoplastic polymer
definition: A polymer containing repeating amide (-CONH-) linkages in the polymer backbone.
example: Nylon 6, Nylon 12, Nylon 66.
abbreviation: PA

polyamide 66
type: Class
comment: PA66 has a higher melting point around 260 degC than PA6 but absorbs moisture, which affects dimensional stability.
subclass of: polyamide
alternative label: PA66
definition: A semicrystalline thermoplastic polyamide synthesized from hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid.
example: Material used for cylinder head covers and radiator end tanks.
abbreviation: PA66

polyamide 66 glass fiber 25 percent
type: Class
comment: The addition of 25% glass fiber significantly increases stiffness and tensile strength compared to neat PA66.
subclass of: composite
alternative label: PA66-GF25
definition: A composite material that has a polyamide 66 matrix and nominally 25 percent glass fiber by mass.
example: Structural components in the engine bay requiring high stiffness at elevated temperatures.

fiber
type: Class
comment: In PMD logic, this is a disconnected aggregate because the individual filaments in a bundle are distinct objects.
subclass of: disconnected material entity aggregate
definition: A disconnected material entity aggregate composed of elongated filament-like material parts.
example: Carbon fiber tow, Aramid fibers.

glass fiber
type: Class
comment: Used extensively as a reinforcement agent in polymer matrix composites.
subclass of: fiber
definition: A fiber composed primarily of glass.
example: E-Glass used to reinforce PA66 for automotive pedals.
abbreviation: GF

fiber material content mass fraction
type: Class
comment: Commonly denoted as wt%. PA66-GF25 implies a value of 0.25 or 25%.
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:float; expected unit: %.
subclass of: mass proportion
definition: A mass proportion that quantifies fiber reinforcement mass relative to total composite material mass.
example: 25% mass fraction in PA66-GF25.

fiber material content volume fraction
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:float; expected unit: %.
comment: Volume fraction is more critical for micromechanical modeling (e.g., Rule of Mixtures) than mass fraction.
subclass of: volume proportion
alternative label: volume fraction of fibers
definition: A volume proportion that quantifies fiber reinforcement volume relative to total composite material volume.
example: Approximately 14-15% volume fraction corresponds to 25% mass fraction for Glass/PA66.

identifier at manufacturer
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:string; expected unit: not specified.
subclass of: identifier
definition: An identifier assigned by a manufacturer to a product, component, material grade, or material batch in its own system.
example: A manufacturer code for a specific polymer grade.

identifier name at manufacturer
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
definition: An identifier that records the manufacturer name, brand name, or trade name used for a material or product.
example: Zytel or Durethan used as a material trade name.

material designation
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:string; expected unit: not specified.
subclass of: identifier
definition: An identifier that records a standard or supplier designation for a material composition.
example: PA66-GF25

material identifier
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:string; expected unit: not specified.
subclass of: identifier
definition: An identifier assigned to a material entity, material batch, material grade, or material data record.
example: A material twin identifier used in data exchange.

material batch identifier
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:string; expected unit: not specified.
subclass of: batch identifier
definition: A batch identifier assigned to a material batch for traceability.
example: Batch 2023-10-A-X55.

business partner number
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:string; expected unit: not specified.
subclass of: identifier
definition: An identifier assigned to a business partner in an automotive supply-chain network.
example: BPNL00000003AY2 (Example BPN).
abbreviation: BPN

strain at break
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:float; expected unit: not specified.
comment: Indicates ductility. Low strain at break (less than 5%) suggests brittle behavior.
subclass of: mechanical property
definition: A mechanical property that quantifies specimen strain at rupture.
example: 3% strain at break for a glass-filled polyamide.

viscosity
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:float; expected unit: Pa.s.
comment: Used in injection molding simulations to predict mold filling.
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: An intensive quality that quantifies a fluid material's resistance to flow.
example: The melt viscosity of polypropylene at 230 degC.

shear viscosity
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:float; expected unit: Pa.s.
comment: Polymers are non-Newtonian; their shear viscosity decreases as shear rate increases (shear thinning).
subclass of: viscosity
definition: A viscosity that quantifies resistance to flow under shear deformation.
example: Viscosity curve data required for Moldflow simulation.

glass transition temperature
type: Class
comment: Below Tg, the amorphous phase is frozen; above Tg, polymer chains have mobility.
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:float; expected unit: degC.
subclass of: phase boundary (realization)
definition: A phase boundary temperature at which the amorphous phase of a polymer changes between glassy and rubbery states.
example: A glass transition temperature of about 50 degC for dry PA66.
abbreviation: Tg

coefficient of linear thermal expansion
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:float; expected unit: 1/K.
comment: Used to calculate dimensional change in assemblies that combine materials with different thermal expansion behavior.
subclass of: thermal property
alternative label: linear thermal expansion coefficient
definition: A thermal property that quantifies fractional length change per unit temperature change.
example: CLTE measured parallel and normal to fiber orientation in a reinforced polymer part.
abbreviation: CLTE

specific heat capacity
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:float; expected unit: J kg^-1 K^-1.
comment: Used to calculate cooling times in injection molding.
subclass of: heat capacity
definition: A heat capacity that quantifies heat required to raise the temperature of unit mass of a substance by one temperature unit.
example: A specific heat capacity of 1700 J kg^-1 K^-1 for polypropylene.
abbreviation: Cp

impact strength
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:float; expected unit: kJ/m^2.
comment: Often measured via Charpy or Izod notched impact tests.
subclass of: strength
definition: A strength that quantifies material resistance to fracture under impact loading.
example: 45 kJ/m^2 notched impact strength for a bumper material.

flexural modulus
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:float; expected unit: MPa / GPa.
comment: Standard metric for stiffness in plastics (ISO 178).
subclass of: stiffness
definition: A stiffness that quantifies the ratio of flexural stress to flexural strain.
example: Flexural modulus of 8500 MPa for PA66-GF30.

flexural strength
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:float; expected unit: MPa / GPa.
comment: Relevant for snap-fit joints in automotive interiors.
subclass of: strength
definition: A strength that quantifies maximum stress under flexural loading before yielding or rupture.
example: 250 MPa for a high-performance composite.

humidity
type: Class
comment: Relevant for polyamides because moisture uptake changes mechanical properties.
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: An intensive quality that quantifies water vapor content in air surrounding a material.
example: 50% Relative Humidity (standard conditioning atmosphere).

has identifier
type: ObjectProperty
domain: entity
range: identifier
definition: A relation that links an entity to an identifier denoting it in a stated system.

has material composition
type: ObjectProperty
domain: entity
range: composition
definition: A relation that links a product, component, material, or batch to a composition that describes its material constitution.

has sustainability information
type: ObjectProperty
domain: entity
range: sustainability information
definition: A relation that links an entity or process to information about sustainability-relevant attributes.

has usage data
type: ObjectProperty
domain: entity
range: usage data
definition: A relation that links a product or component to data recorded during use.

has circular economy information
type: ObjectProperty
domain: entity
range: circular economy information
definition: A relation that links a product, component, material, or batch to information about circular economy handling or assessment.

has selected r-strategy
type: ObjectProperty
domain: circular economy information
range: selected r-strategy
definition: A relation that links circular economy information to the selected circular economy strategy.

has recycling batch actor
type: ObjectProperty
domain: recycling batch
range: supply chain agent
definition: A relation that links a recycling batch to an actor participating in its transfer, treatment, or documentation.

has pressure-volume-temperature data point
type: ObjectProperty
domain: pressure-volume-temperature data
range: pressure-volume-temperature data point
definition: A relation that links pressure-volume-temperature data to one recorded pressure, temperature, and specific volume tuple.

has pressure-volume-temperature pressure datum
type: ObjectProperty
domain: pressure-volume-temperature data point
range: pressure-volume-temperature pressure datum
definition: A relation that links a pressure-volume-temperature data point to its pressure value specification.

has pressure-volume-temperature temperature datum
type: ObjectProperty
domain: pressure-volume-temperature data point
range: pressure-volume-temperature temperature datum
definition: A relation that links a pressure-volume-temperature data point to its temperature value specification.

has pressure-volume-temperature specific volume datum
type: ObjectProperty
domain: pressure-volume-temperature data point
range: pressure-volume-temperature specific volume datum
definition: A relation that links a pressure-volume-temperature data point to its specific volume value specification.

raw material feedstock
type: Class
comment: Whether a material is raw material depends on its participation in a particular production or recycling workflow.
subclass of: raw material
definition: A material entity that is intended to be consumed, transformed, or incorporated as input in a manufacturing, recycling, or material processing process.
example: PA66 pellets supplied to an injection molding process as input material.

additive
type: Class
comment: This class represents the additive material itself; the context-dependent function is represented by additive role.
subclass of: engineered material
definition: An engineered material intentionally incorporated in a base material in a comparatively small amount to modify processing behavior, performance properties, appearance, or cost.
example: A UV stabilizer added to an exterior polymer trim material.

matrix
type: Class
comment: The corresponding realizable entity is PMD Core matrix role; this class is used for material entities considered as the continuous phase of a composite.
subclass of: engineered material
definition: An engineered material that forms the continuous phase of a composite material and binds or embeds reinforcement, filler, or dispersed material constituents.
example: The PA66 phase in a PA66-GF25 composite.

water absorption
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:float; expected unit: %.
comment: Values are normally reported for specified test conditions, such as ISO 62 or a specified conditioning atmosphere.
subclass of: material property
definition: A disposition of a material to take up water from a liquid water or humid environment under specified exposure conditions.
example: The percentage mass increase of a polyamide specimen after immersion in water.

materials information
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
alternative label: material data
alternative label: material information
definition: An information content entity that specifies material-related characteristics of a product, component, material batch, or material grade.
example: A data record listing material designation, density, fiber content, and recycled content for an automotive component.

material composition
type: Class
subclass of: composition
alternative label: materials
definition: A composition that describes the material constituents and constituent amounts of a product, component, material batch, or material grade.
example: A composition stating that PA66-GF25 contains a PA66 matrix and nominally 25 percent glass fiber by mass.

recycled material
type: Class
comment: This class covers material entities whose origin is a recycling process; the amount or share of recycled content should be represented separately.
subclass of: material
definition: A material entity that has been recovered from waste, discarded products, by-products, or production residues through a recycling process for subsequent use.
example: Regranulated polypropylene produced from end-of-life vehicle parts.

recycled
type: Class
comment: Use for the origin state of a material; use recycled material share for quantities or proportions.
subclass of: quality
definition: A quality of a material entity indicating that the material has an origin in a recycling process rather than only in primary material production.
example: A recycled quality borne by a polymer regrind used in a new injection molding batch.

product footprint
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
definition: An information content entity that records an environmental footprint of a product over a stated scope.
example: A product footprint report for an alternator covering cradle-to-gate carbon emissions and recycled material content.

recycled material share
type: Class
subclass of: relational quality
alternative label: recycled share
definition: A relational quality that relates a material, component, or product to the proportion of its material content that originates from recycled sources.
example: A bumper fascia with 30 percent recycled polypropylene content.

product carbon footprint
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:float; expected unit: kg CO2e.
subclass of: value specification
subclass of: product footprint
alternative label: carbon footprint
alternative label: carbon footprint amount
definition: A product footprint that specifies greenhouse gas emissions associated with a product over a stated lifecycle scope.
example: 18.4 kg CO2e as the product carbon footprint for one steering system.

process footprint
type: Class
subclass of: process attribute
definition: A process attribute that quantifies environmental burden associated with executing a process under specified boundary conditions.
example: Electricity consumption and associated emissions for one injection molding cycle.

process carbon footprint
type: Class
subclass of: process footprint
definition: A process footprint that quantifies greenhouse gas emissions associated with executing a process.
example: The carbon footprint of recycling one kilogram of PA66-GF25 scrap.

lifecycle
type: Class
subclass of: process chain
definition: A process chain that comprises the stages through which a product or material passes from raw material acquisition through production, use, and end-of-life treatment.
example: The lifecycle of an automotive control unit from material extraction to recycling.

lifecycle stage
type: Class
subclass of: process
alternative label: footprint lifecycle
definition: A process that is a distinguishable part of a product or material lifecycle.
example: Main product production as a lifecycle stage for an automotive component.

raw material acquisition
type: Class
subclass of: lifecycle stage
definition: A lifecycle stage in which natural resources, secondary materials, or basic feedstocks are obtained and prepared for production.
example: Obtaining recycled polymer regranulate for later component production.

main product production
type: Class
subclass of: lifecycle stage
definition: A lifecycle stage in which raw materials, intermediate products, or components are transformed into the main product.
example: Injection molding and assembly steps used to produce an automotive housing.

distribution
type: Class
subclass of: lifecycle stage
definition: A lifecycle stage in which products, components, or materials are transported, stored, or transferred between supply chain actors.
example: Shipment of remanufactured components from a supplier to a vehicle manufacturer.

end of life
type: Class
subclass of: lifecycle stage
definition: A lifecycle stage in which a product or component has reached the end of its intended use and is directed to reuse, remanufacturing, recycling, recovery, or disposal.
example: Removal of a component from an end-of-life vehicle for circular value assessment.

recycling lifecycle stage
type: Class
subclass of: lifecycle stage
alternative label: recycling
definition: A lifecycle stage in which used materials or products are processed to recover material for further use.
example: Grinding, sorting, and regranulating a polymer component after dismantling.

recycling carbon footprint
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:float; expected unit: kg CO2e.
subclass of: product carbon footprint
alternative label: footprint recycling
definition: A product carbon footprint that specifies greenhouse gas emissions for a recycling scenario.
example: 12 kg CO2e attributed to recycling one dismantled bumper cover.

remanufacturing carbon footprint
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:float; expected unit: kg CO2e.
subclass of: product carbon footprint
alternative label: footprint remanufacturing
definition: A product carbon footprint that specifies greenhouse gas emissions for a remanufacturing scenario.
example: 7.5 kg CO2e attributed to inspecting, repairing, and remanufacturing one alternator.

reuse carbon footprint
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:float; expected unit: kg CO2e.
subclass of: product carbon footprint
alternative label: footprint reuse
definition: A product carbon footprint that specifies greenhouse gas emissions for a reuse scenario.
example: 2.1 kg CO2e attributed to checking and reusing one component.

new production carbon footprint
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:float; expected unit: kg CO2e.
subclass of: product carbon footprint
alternative label: footprint new production
definition: A product carbon footprint that specifies greenhouse gas emissions for a new production scenario.
example: 24 kg CO2e attributed to manufacturing one replacement component from primary material.

humidity absorption
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:float; expected unit: %.
subclass of: material property
definition: A disposition of a material or component to absorb water vapor from a humid environment under specified exposure conditions.
example: Moisture uptake by a PA66 component during use at 50 percent relative humidity.

remaining lifetime
type: Class
subclass of: temporal interval
definition: A temporal interval expected to remain before a product or component no longer satisfies its intended function or circular value criteria.
example: An alternator estimated to have 24 months of usable service life remaining after inspection.

actual lifetime
type: Class
subclass of: temporal interval
definition: A temporal interval extending from a stated start event to an observed lifecycle event of a product or component.
example: The time between first vehicle registration and dismantling of a component.

non-destructive dismantlability
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
definition: A disposition of a product or component to be dismantled without destroying the product, component, or material portions that are intended for later use.
example: A clipped interior trim part that can be removed intact for reuse.

safety information
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
alternative label: safetyInfo
definition: A directive information entity that specifies safety-relevant instructions, warnings, or constraints for handling, dismantling, treating, transporting, or reusing a product or component.
example: A warning to disconnect a high-voltage battery before dismantling a component.

recycling
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: A process in which used materials, components, or products are collected and processed to recover material for further use.
example: Sorting and regranulating polymer parts from an end-of-life vehicle.

dismantling
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: A process in which a product or component is taken apart so that parts, materials, or information can be recovered, assessed, reused, repaired, remanufactured, recycled, or disposed.
example: Removing a vehicle door module from an end-of-life vehicle before quality assessment.

dismantling guideline for recycling
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
alternative label: dismantling guideline recycling
alternative label: dismantlingGuidelineRecycling
definition: A plan specification that provides instructions for dismantling a product or component so that materials can be routed to appropriate recycling treatment.
example: A guideline specifying how to separate a polymer housing from attached metal inserts before recycling.

recycling material quality
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
alternative label: recyclingMaterialQuality
definition: A disposition of a product or material to be recycled while preserving a specified level of material quality.
example: A polymer component designed so that the recovered polymer remains suitable for automotive applications.

recycling availability
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
alternative label: recyclingAvailability
definition: A disposition of a product, component, or material to be practically available for recycling in a technical cycle.
example: A component whose material can be separated and accepted by an established recycling route.

dismantling instructions
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
alternative label: dismantlingInstructions
definition: A plan specification that describes the actions, order, tools, and constraints for safely and correctly dismantling a product or component.
example: Stepwise instructions for removing a battery module from a vehicle.

dismantlability
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
definition: A disposition of a product or component to be dismantled under stated technical, safety, time, and damage constraints.
example: A bolted assembly has higher dismantlability than an inseparably bonded assembly when reuse is intended.

average dismantling time
type: Class
subclass of: temporal interval
alternative label: averageDismantlingTime
definition: A temporal interval that represents the mean duration of dismantling a product or component under specified conditions.
example: An average dismantling time of 12 minutes for removal of a door module.

treatment technique
type: Class
subclass of: process
alternative label: treatmentTechnique
definition: A process used to treat a dismantled component, product, or material after removal from its original assembly.
example: Mechanical shredding, cleaning, or material separation applied after dismantling.

best treatment techniques
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
alternative label: bestTreatmentTechniques
definition: An information content entity that recommends preferred treatment techniques for a dismantled product, component, or material in a given circular economy scenario.
example: A recommendation to remove electronics before shredding a polymer-rich component.

disassembly software
type: Class
subclass of: software
definition: A software that supports, guides, documents, or validates disassembly or dismantling of a product or component.
example: A workshop application that displays product-specific disassembly instructions.

disassembly tool
type: Class
subclass of: device
definition: A device used to carry out a disassembly or dismantling operation on a product or component.
example: A puller tool used to remove a clipped trim component without damage.

fastening technique
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
definition: A plan specification that describes how parts are joined, fixed, or released in an assembly.
example: A specification that a housing is fastened with Torx screws and snap-fit clips.

dismantling sequence
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
definition: A plan specification that orders the steps required to dismantle a product or component.
example: Remove cover, disconnect cable, release clips, and lift out module.

exploding diagram
type: Class
subclass of: document
definition: A document or figure that depicts a product or assembly with parts spatially separated to show their relative positions and dismantling relationships.
example: An exploded-view diagram showing screws, clips, housing shells, and subcomponents of a control unit.

sub-group name
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
definition: An identifier that records the name of a material sub-group in a material classification scheme.
example: The VDA 231-106 sub-group name 'cast aluminium alloys'.

sub-group identifier
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
alternative label: sub-group ID
alternative label: subgroup
definition: An identifier that records the code or number of a material sub-group in a material classification scheme.
example: The VDA 231-106 sub-group code '2.1.1'.

main group name
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
definition: An identifier that records the name of a material main group in a material classification scheme.
example: The VDA 231-106 main group name 'polymer materials'.

main group identifier
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
alternative label: main group
alternative label: main group ID
definition: An identifier that records the code or number of a material main group in a material classification scheme.
example: The VDA 231-106 main group code '5'.

reuse
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: A process in which a discarded or removed product or component is used again while retaining its original function.
example: A dismantled and inspected body control module installed in another vehicle.

product quality
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
definition: A disposition of a product or component to satisfy requirements for an intended circular economy route, based on relevant condition, completeness, functional, and standard-based criteria.
example: A reused body part assigned a quality class after inspection for dents, corrosion, paint damage, and completeness.

test requirements
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
alternative label: necessary test protocols and equipment
alternative label: necessary test protocols equipment
definition: An information content entity that states the test protocols and equipment required to assess a product or component for reuse, repair, remanufacturing, or recycling.
example: A high-voltage component requiring insulation resistance testing before reuse.

reusability
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
definition: A disposition of a product or component to be reused in its original function under stated technical, legal, safety, and quality constraints.
example: A complete undamaged headlamp assembly that can be installed as a replacement part.

body part quality
type: Class
subclass of: quality
alternative label: component quality state
alternative label: quality body parts
definition: A quality of a body part component that characterizes its externally relevant condition, such as paint damage, dents, corrosion, and component-specific defects.
example: A door panel quality assessment based on dents and paint scratches.

quality grade
type: Class
subclass of: quality
alternative label: qualityGrade
definition: A quality that records the grade assigned to a product or component according to a stated quality standard or assessment scheme.
example: A, B, or C quality grade assigned to a used car part.

completeness
type: Class
subclass of: quality
definition: A quality of a product or component indicating whether required subcomponents, fasteners, interfaces, or accessories are present.
example: A mirror assembly assessed as complete because housing, glass, wiring, and mounting clips are present.

used quality standard
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
alternative label: usedQualityStandard
definition: A plan specification that defines the quality assessment criteria applied to a reused, repaired, remanufactured, or recycled product or component.
example: VDI 4080 used as the assessment standard for reuse quality.

mounting point integrity
type: Class
subclass of: quality
alternative label: mountingPointIntegrity
definition: A quality of a product or component indicating whether its mounting points, clips, tabs, or attachment features are intact and functional.
example: A bumper bracket with all mounting tabs undamaged.

surface cleanliness
type: Class
subclass of: quality
alternative label: surfaceCleanliness
definition: A quality of a product, component, or material surface indicating the degree to which it is free from oil, dust, residues, and other contaminants.
example: A cleaned polymer surface acceptable for adhesive bonding during reuse preparation.

repair time
type: Class
subclass of: temporal interval
alternative label: repairTime
definition: A temporal interval required or estimated to repair a specified damage or defect on a product or component.
example: The time needed to repair a paint scratch and small dent on a door panel.

crack count
type: Class
subclass of: quality
alternative label: (number of paint) cracks
alternative label: cracks
definition: A quality that records the number of cracks observed on a product, component, coating, or material surface.
example: Two cracks recorded in the paint layer during dismantling inspection.

dent damage
type: Class
subclass of: quality
alternative label: dents
definition: A quality of a sheet metal or body component indicating the presence or extent of dents or deformations that impair the component shape.
example: A quarter panel with two visible dents after vehicle use.

damage area
type: Class
subclass of: quality
alternative label: damageArea
definition: A quality that quantifies the surface area of visible damage on a product, component, coating, or material surface.
example: A paint damage area of 50 square centimeters on a door panel.

paint damage
type: Class
subclass of: quality
alternative label: paintDamage
definition: A quality of a painted product or component indicating damage to the paintwork, such as scratches, chips, cracks, or coating loss.
example: Stone-chip damage on a painted bumper cover.

manufacturer name
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
definition: An identifier that records the name by which a manufacturer is referred to in a data exchange, contract, product record, or manufacturer system.
example: The manufacturer name 'Schaeffler' in a supplier record.

manufacturer plant site
type: Class
subclass of: site
alternative label: manufacturer plant/site
definition: A site at which a manufacturer carries out production, assembly, treatment, storage, or related industrial operations.
example: A specific plant where a material batch or component was produced.

catena-x business partner number
type: Class
comment: This is modeled as a Catena-X-specific subtype of the existing business partner number class.
subclass of: business partner number
alternative label: CX business partner number
definition: A business partner number used in Catena-X to identify a legal entity, site, or address participating in automotive data exchange.
example: A Catena-X BPNL identifier for a supplier legal entity.
abbreviation: BPN

vehicle identification number
type: Class
subclass of: product identifier
alternative label: VIN
definition: An identifier assigned to an individual vehicle according to a vehicle identification number scheme.
example: A 17-character vehicle identification number used in a dismantling record.

vehicle model
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
alternative label: vehicle model (Fahrzeugmodell)
definition: An identifier that records the model designation of a vehicle type as defined by a manufacturer.
example: A manufacturer-specific vehicle model name used in a product data record.

component information
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
alternative label: component information (Bauteilinformationen)
definition: An information content entity that aggregates identifiers, specifications, usage data, condition data, or circular economy information about a component.
example: A component record containing part number, material designation, mileage, and reuse assessment.

component mileage
type: Class
subclass of: process attribute
alternative label: mileage of the component
alternative label: mileage of the component (Laufleistung der Komponente)
definition: A process attribute that quantifies the travel distance accumulated by a component during use in a vehicle.
example: A used alternator recorded with 125000 km of component mileage.

component age
type: Class
subclass of: temporal interval
alternative label: component age (Alter der Komponente)
definition: A temporal interval that extends from a stated component reference event to a stated observation event.
example: A component age of six years measured from vehicle production date to dismantling date.

year of construction
type: Class
subclass of: date value specification
alternative label: year of construction (Baujahr)
definition: A date value specification that records the calendar year in which a product, component, vehicle, or facility was constructed or manufactured.
example: The year 2019 recorded as the construction year of a vehicle.

environmental condition
type: Class
subclass of: quality
definition: A quality of an environment that is relevant to material behavior, processing, testing, storage, use, or degradation.
example: A conditioning atmosphere with specified temperature and relative humidity.

filler
type: Class
comment: The role borne by such a material in a composite is PMD Core filler role.
subclass of: engineered material
alternative label: fillers
definition: An engineered material incorporated in another material to occupy volume, modify properties, reduce cost, or contribute reinforcement in a composite or compound.
example: Glass fibers or mineral particles added to a polymer compound.

reinforcement
type: Class
comment: The Excel hint to PMD Core filler role was modeled as a material class here because the glossary term names the reinforcing material, not only the role.
subclass of: filler
definition: A filler material that is incorporated into a matrix material to improve load-bearing, stiffness, strength, impact, or dimensional performance.
example: Chopped glass fiber used as reinforcement in PA66-GF25.

further content
type: Class
subclass of: data item
definition: A composition data item that records additional material constituents or content fractions not captured by the primary material composition fields.
example: A data item recording minor additive content in a polymer compound.

water content
type: Class
comment: The Excel source references ISO 15512 for plastics water content measurement.
subclass of: mass proportion
alternative label: water content (in alignment with ISO 15512)
definition: A mass proportion that quantifies the amount of water contained in a material under specified measurement or conditioning conditions.
example: Water content of a polyamide granulate measured before injection molding.

ash content
type: Class
comment: The Excel source references ISO 3451 for ash content, often used to estimate inorganic filler content.
subclass of: mass proportion
alternative label: ash content (Fuellstoffgehalt, ISO 3451)
definition: A mass proportion that quantifies the inorganic residue remaining after controlled combustion or calcination of a material sample.
example: Ash content used to estimate glass fiber or mineral filler content in a polymer compound.

material class
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:string; expected unit: not specified.
subclass of: information content entity
alternative label: MaterialClass
alternative label: material class and composition
definition: An information content entity that assigns a material, component, or product to a material category in a stated classification scheme.
example: A VDA 231-106 material class assignment for polymer materials.

material abbreviation
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
definition: An identifier that records a short material designation or abbreviation used for a material or material family.
example: PA66-GF25 as an abbreviated designation for a glass-fiber-reinforced polyamide 66 compound.

manufacturing simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation process
definition: A simulation process that represents a manufacturing process and its material, process, geometry, or performance consequences.
example: A simulation of an injection molding process used to predict filling and cooling behavior.

injection molding simulation
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing simulation
alternative label: injection modling entity
definition: A manufacturing simulation that represents an injection molding process, including relevant material, mold, filling, packing, cooling, or warpage behavior.
example: A mold-filling simulation for a PA66-GF25 housing.

quasistatic simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation process
alternative label: quasi static entity
alternative label: quasi static simulation
definition: A simulation process that represents material or component response under loading conditions where inertial effects are negligible.
example: A quasistatic finite element simulation of a bracket under service load.

thermal simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation process
alternative label: thermal expansion coefficient entity
definition: A simulation process that represents heat transfer, temperature distribution, or thermally induced material behavior.
example: A cooling simulation for an injection molded component.

quasistatic stress normal
type: Class
subclass of: strength
alternative label: normal parameter quasi static stress
definition: A strength-related material or simulation output quality that represents stress normal to a reference direction under quasistatic loading.
example: Normal stress predicted by a quasistatic simulation perpendicular to fiber orientation.

quasistatic stress parallel
type: Class
subclass of: strength
alternative label: parallel parameter quasi static stress
definition: A strength-related material or simulation output quality that represents stress parallel to a reference direction under quasistatic loading.
example: Stress predicted parallel to fiber orientation in a quasistatic simulation.

quasistatic strain normal
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property
alternative label: normal parameter quasi static strain
definition: A mechanical property or simulation output quality that represents strain normal to a reference direction under quasistatic loading.
example: Normal strain predicted perpendicular to fiber orientation in a quasistatic simulation.

quasistatic strain parallel
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property
alternative label: parallel parameter quasi static strain
definition: A mechanical property or simulation output quality that represents strain parallel to a reference direction under quasistatic loading.
example: Strain predicted parallel to fiber orientation in a quasistatic simulation.

elongation expansion normal
type: Class
subclass of: length
alternative label: elongation/expansion normal
definition: A length-related quality or simulation output that represents elongation or expansion normal to a reference direction.
example: Thermal expansion normal to fiber orientation in a molded composite.

elongation expansion parallel
type: Class
subclass of: length
alternative label: elongation/expansion parallel
definition: A length-related quality or simulation output that represents elongation or expansion parallel to a reference direction.
example: Thermal expansion parallel to fiber orientation in a molded composite.

length of fibers
type: Class
subclass of: length
definition: A length quality that quantifies the characteristic or measured length of fibers in a fiber-containing material.
example: Mean glass fiber length after injection molding of PA66-GF25.

reutilization material share
type: Class
subclass of: mass proportion
definition: A mass proportion that quantifies the share of material from rework, regrind, or scrap that is reused within the process or production system that generated it.
example: The percentage of in-process regrind returned to an injection molding feedstock.

origin
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
definition: An information content entity that records the source category, provenance, or supply-chain origin of a material.
example: An origin statement that a polymer fraction is post-consumer automotive recycled material.

pre-consumer material share
type: Class
subclass of: mass proportion
alternative label: pre consumer shares
definition: A mass proportion that quantifies material content originating from pre-consumer production residues, by-products, rework, or scrap.
example: The share of molding scrap reused before the product reached a consumer.

post-consumer material share
type: Class
subclass of: mass proportion
alternative label: post consumer shares
definition: A mass proportion that quantifies material content originating from products or materials recovered after consumer or user service.
example: The share of polypropylene recovered from end-of-life vehicle parts.

material source share
type: Class
subclass of: mass proportion
alternative label: material source shares
definition: A mass proportion that quantifies the share of material from a stated source category, such as primary, secondary, pre-consumer, post-consumer, automotive, or non-automotive sources.
example: A material source share for secondary automotive recycled content.

other recycling information
type: Class
subclass of: document
alternative label: other information
definition: A document or information content entity that provides additional evidence, provenance, compliance, or quality information about material origin or recycling.
example: A supplier declaration documenting recycled material origin and quality.

automotive material share
type: Class
subclass of: mass proportion
alternative label: automotive
definition: A mass proportion that quantifies the share of material content originating from automotive sources.
example: The fraction of recycled polymer sourced from end-of-life vehicle components.

non-automotive material share
type: Class
subclass of: mass proportion
alternative label: non automotive
definition: A mass proportion that quantifies the share of material content originating from non-automotive sources.
example: The fraction of recycled polymer sourced from consumer packaging rather than vehicle components.

secondary material
type: Class
subclass of: material
definition: A material entity obtained from waste, by-products, production residues, or recovered products and intended to substitute for primary material in a production process.
example: A recycled polymer regranulate used as feedstock for a new automotive component.

primary material
type: Class
subclass of: material
definition: A material entity produced from virgin raw resources and used for the first time in a production process.
example: Virgin PA66 resin produced from primary chemical feedstocks.

physical dimension
type: Class
subclass of: length
definition: A quality that characterizes a physical extent or dimensional feature of a material entity, product, component, or geometric feature.
example: Length, width, thickness, or diameter used to characterize an automotive component.

young's modulus
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:float; expected unit: GPa.
subclass of: elastic modulus
alternative label: youngs modulus
definition: An elastic modulus that quantifies the ratio of uniaxial stress to uniaxial strain in the linear elastic region of a material response.
example: 9.5 GPa Young's modulus for PA66-GF30 measured by tensile testing.

unusual properties
type: Class
subclass of: data item
definition: A data item that records noteworthy, unexpected, or abnormal properties observed for a component during use, inspection, dismantling, or circular economy assessment.
example: A note that a component shows unusual discoloration or deformation compared with its expected state.

actual dismantling time
type: Class
subclass of: temporal interval
definition: A temporal interval occupied by an observed dismantling process for a product, vehicle, or component.
example: The measured time in minutes to remove a component from an end-of-life vehicle.

selected r-strategy rationale
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
alternative label: reason for selected r-strategy
definition: An information content entity that states the rationale for selecting a reuse, repair, remanufacturing, recycling, recovery, or disposal strategy for a product or component.
example: A reason stating that reuse was rejected because mounting points were broken.

selected r-strategy
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
definition: A directive information entity that specifies the circular economy strategy selected for a product or component.
example: A selected strategy of reuse, recycling, or remanufacturing for a dismantled component.

actual dismantlability
type: Class
subclass of: dismantlability
definition: A disposition assessment that records how dismantlable a product or component was in an observed dismantling event.
example: An actual dismantlability assessment from a dismantler after removing a door module.

selected r-strategy carbon footprint
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:float; expected unit: kg CO2e.
subclass of: product carbon footprint
alternative label: actual footprint of chosen r-strategy
definition: A product carbon footprint that specifies the greenhouse gas emissions of the selected circular economy strategy for a component.
example: 3.2 kg CO2e resulting from choosing reuse for a dismantled component.

vehicle condition
type: Class
subclass of: quality
definition: A quality of a vehicle that characterizes its observed state relevant to use, dismantling, reuse, repair, recycling, or valuation.
example: A vehicle condition assessment recorded at dismantling intake.

drive type
type: Class
subclass of: quality
definition: A quality of a vehicle that classifies its propulsion architecture or drive configuration.
example: Battery electric drive, hybrid drive, or combustion engine drive.

empty weight
type: Class
subclass of: mass
definition: A mass quality that quantifies the weight of a vehicle without load under the stated specification conditions.
example: The empty weight in kilograms from vehicle documentation.

vehicle type
type: Class
subclass of: quality
definition: A quality of a vehicle that classifies the vehicle according to its design, construction, or intended purpose.
example: Passenger car, light commercial vehicle, or heavy truck.

model identifier
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
definition: An identifier assigned by an original equipment manufacturer to a vehicle model, vehicle project, or model variant.
example: An original equipment manufacturer project code used to identify a vehicle model in product data.

vehicle series
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
definition: An identifier that records the vehicle series or platform series associated with a vehicle model or component.
example: A vehicle series code used in dismantling or parts identification data.

original equipment manufacturer
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturer
alternative label: OEM
definition: A manufacturer that designs or produces the original vehicle, component, or system for which circular economy data is recorded.
example: A vehicle manufacturer recorded as the original equipment manufacturer for a vehicle series.

production date
type: Class
subclass of: date value specification
alternative label: date of production
definition: A date value specification that records when a vehicle, component, product, or material batch was produced.
example: The production date of a vehicle read from manufacturer records.

anonymized vehicle identification number
type: Class
subclass of: vehicle identification number
alternative label: VAN
alternative label: anonymized VIN
alternative label: vehicle anonymized number
definition: An identifier derived from a vehicle identification number by anonymization or hashing so that the vehicle can be linked across records without exposing the original vehicle identification number.
example: A hashed vehicle identification number used in circular economy data exchange.

name at manufacturer
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:string; expected unit: not specified.
subclass of: identifier
definition: An identifier or designation by which a manufacturer names a material grade, product line, component, or product in its own records or commercial communication.
example: A manufacturer trade name such as Ultradur, Zytel, or Grilamid.

corroded region
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
definition: A fiat object part of a material entity that is spatially demarcated by corrosion-related material alteration.
example: A rusted area on a steel mounting bracket identified during dismantling inspection.

batch
type: Class
subclass of: lot
definition: A disconnected material entity aggregate that is produced, handled, or traced as one quantity under a common production or logistics context.
example: A batch of polymer granulate produced under one manufacturing order.

catena-x batch identifier
type: Class
subclass of: batch identifier
alternative label: Catena-X identifier
definition: A batch identifier assigned for anonymous traceability of a batch in the Catena-X dataspace.
example: A Catena-X identifier used to reference a batch without exposing a local production number.

local identifier
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
alternative label: local identifiers
definition: An identifier that identifies an entity within a stated local system, organization, or dataspace.
example: A local batch number used inside a manufacturer's production system.

local identifier key
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
alternative label: identifier key
alternative label: key value list
definition: An information content entity that names the local identifier scheme or field in which an identifier value is given.
example: A key such as plant batch number or supplier lot number in a key-value identifier list.

local identifier value
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:string; expected unit: not specified.
subclass of: local identifier
alternative label: identifier value
definition: An identifier value used within a stated local identifier scheme.
example: The value 2024-11-A in a supplier lot identifier.

manufacturing information
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
alternative label: manufacturing entity
definition: An information content entity that records production-related data about a batch, part, product, or material.
example: Manufacturing date and manufacturing country recorded for a produced batch.

manufacturing country code
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:string; expected code scheme: ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 or alpha-3.
subclass of: identifier
alternative label: country code
definition: An identifier that records the country in which a part, product, material, or batch was manufactured.
example: "DE" as the manufacturing country code for a part manufactured in Germany.

part type information
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
definition: An information content entity that describes the designed part type instantiated by a physical part or batch.
example: Part type information for a connector housing used across several produced parts.

manufacturer part number
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:string; expected unit: not specified.
subclass of: part number
alternative label: manufacturer part ID
definition: A part number assigned by the manufacturer to a designed part type.
example: A manufacturer's part number for a steering control unit housing.

part name at manufacturer
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
definition: An identifier or designation by which a manufacturer names a part type in its own records.
example: A manufacturer-specific sales or engineering name for a vehicle part.

product data
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
definition: An information content entity that records identifying, descriptive, composition, or lifecycle data about a product.
example: A vehicle product data record containing model range, brand, production date, and material composition.

model range
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
definition: An identifier that records a vehicle sales or platform range used to group related model variants.
example: A model range name used in a vehicle product data aspect.

overall material composition
type: Class
subclass of: composition
definition: A composition that summarizes material groups and amounts at the level of a whole product or vehicle.
example: Overall material composition of a vehicle reported for homologation.

model range lifecycle
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
definition: An identifier that records the lifecycle state or generation of a vehicle model range.
example: A lifecycle code for a vehicle series used in product data exchange.

sales name
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
definition: An identifier that records the commercial name under which a vehicle, part, or product is sold.
example: The sales name shown in vehicle product data.

brand
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
definition: An identifier that records the commercial brand associated with a vehicle, part, material, or product.
example: A vehicle brand recorded in product data.

vehicle information
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
definition: An information content entity that records identifying, technical, lifecycle, or manufacturer data about a vehicle.
example: Vehicle information containing original equipment manufacturer, model range, production date, and anonymized vehicle identification number.

recycling batch actor
type: Class
subclass of: supply chain agent
alternative label: actor
definition: A supply chain agent that participates in the transfer, treatment, or documentation of a recycling batch.
example: A dismantler, recycler, logistics provider, or receiving plant recorded for a recycling batch.

recycling batch sender
type: Class
subclass of: consignor
alternative label: sender
definition: A consignor that sends a recycling batch to another actor.
example: A dismantling facility sending a sorted polymer batch to a recycler.

recycling batch receiver
type: Class
subclass of: consignee
alternative label: receiver
definition: A consignee that receives a recycling batch from another actor.
example: A recycling facility receiving a batch of dismantled polymer components.

recycling batch operator
type: Class
subclass of: supply chain agent
alternative label: operator
definition: A supply chain agent that operates a transport, treatment, or recycling process for a recycling batch.
example: The company operating the transport process for a recycling batch.

actor number
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
definition: An identifier assigned to an actor in a recycling, logistics, or supply-chain process.
example: An operating number used to identify a recycling batch actor.

actor role type
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
alternative label: actor role
definition: An information content entity that records the role type under which an actor participates in a recycling or logistics process.
example: Sender, receiver, recycler, operator, or transporter recorded as an actor role type.

transfer identifier
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
definition: An identifier assigned to a transfer of material, components, products, or recycling batches between actors.
example: A transfer identifier for movement of a recycling batch from dismantler to recycler.

global asset identifier
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
alternative label: global asset ID
alternative label: global asset i d
definition: An identifier that globally identifies an asset in a digital twin or data exchange environment.
example: A global asset identifier for the digital twin of a material card or recycling batch.

owner business partner number
type: Class
subclass of: business partner number
alternative label: owner BPNL
alternative label: owner b p n l
definition: A business partner number that identifies the owner of a data asset, material card, or digital twin record.
example: A BPNL recorded as the owner of a simulation material card.

recycling batch
type: Class
subclass of: batch
definition: A batch that is collected, transferred, or treated as one quantity in a recycling process.
example: A sorted batch of dismantled polymer components sent to a recycler.

container mass
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:float; expected unit: kg.
subclass of: mass
alternative label: container weight
definition: A mass quality that quantifies the empty mass of a container.
example: An empty recycling container with a mass of 3000 kg.

container volume
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:positiveInteger; expected unit: L.
subclass of: volume
definition: A volume quality that quantifies the internal capacity of a container.
example: A roll-off container with a capacity of 20000 L.

container type identifier
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
definition: An identifier assigned to a standardized container type.
example: An AVAL container type identifier used for a recycling container.

container description
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
definition: An information content entity that describes a container type or container instance.
example: A standardized description such as roll-off container for a recycling batch.

recycling process step
type: Class
subclass of: business process
alternative label: child process steps
alternative label: process step
definition: A business process that is a distinguishable step in the handling or treatment of a recycling batch.
example: Shredding, sorting, washing, or weighing as a recycling process step.

child process type
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
definition: An information content entity that classifies a subordinate process step in a recycling process.
example: Shredding recorded as the child process type for a recycling batch step.

process information
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
definition: An information content entity that records the type, method, timing, or outcome of a process.
example: A recycling batch process record containing treatment procedure and process type.

process type
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
definition: An information content entity that classifies a process according to its role in a treatment, recycling, or logistics chain.
example: Sorting or transport recorded as the process type for a reverse-chain process step.

treatment procedure
type: Class
subclass of: treatment technique
definition: A treatment technique selected or applied for handling waste, components, materials, or recycling batches.
example: An R4 treatment procedure recorded for a recycling batch.

mechanical recycling
type: Class
subclass of: recycling
definition: A recycling process that recovers material through mechanical operations without intentional chemical depolymerization.
example: Sorting, shredding, washing, and regranulating polymer parts.

chemical recycling
type: Class
subclass of: recycling
definition: A recycling process that converts material through chemical reaction into monomers, feedstock, or other chemical products.
example: Solvolysis or depolymerization applied to a polymer waste stream.

process loss
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:float; expected unit: kg.
subclass of: mass
definition: A mass quality that quantifies material lost during a process step.
example: A process loss of 0.5 kg during washing of a recycling batch.

loss type
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
definition: An information content entity that classifies the cause or form of material loss in a process.
example: Abrasion or contamination recorded as the loss type for a recycling process step.

weighing slip
type: Class
subclass of: document
definition: A document that records the result of weighing materials, components, products, or recycling batches.
example: A weighing slip issued by a scale during intake of a recycling batch.

measurement type
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
definition: An information content entity that classifies the measurement method or instrument used to obtain a value.
example: Material scale recorded as the measurement type for a mass determination.

measurement timestamp
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:dateTime; expected unit: not specified.
subclass of: date value specification
definition: A date value specification that records the time at which a measurement was made.
example: 2024-01-01T14:23:00+01:00 recorded as a measurement timestamp.

start timestamp
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:dateTime; expected unit: not specified.
subclass of: date value specification
definition: A date value specification that records the start time of a process step.
example: The start timestamp of a sorting step in a recycling batch process.

end timestamp
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:dateTime; expected unit: not specified.
subclass of: date value specification
definition: A date value specification that records the end time of a process step.
example: The end timestamp of a washing step in a recycling batch process.

input net mass
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:float; expected unit: kg.
subclass of: mass
definition: A mass quality that quantifies the net mass entering a process step.
example: Input net mass of 10.0 kg for a recycling process step.

output net mass
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:float; expected unit: kg.
subclass of: mass
definition: A mass quality that quantifies the net mass leaving a process step.
example: Output net mass of 9.5 kg after a recycling process step.

remanufacturability
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
definition: A disposition of a product or component to be restored through remanufacturing to a specified performance or quality state.
example: A starter motor assessed as remanufacturable after inspection.

refurbishability
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
definition: A disposition of a product or component to be restored through refurbishment to an acceptable use state.
example: A body control module assessed as refurbishable after testing.

restricted heavy metals
type: Class
subclass of: metal
definition: A material entity aggregate comprising heavy metal substances whose concentration is restricted by a stated regulation or standard.
example: Lead, mercury, cadmium, and hexavalent chromium considered in ELV compliance.

lead threshold compliance
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:boolean; expected unit: not specified.
subclass of: data item
definition: A data item that records whether lead concentration complies with a stated threshold.
example: A true value indicating that lead concentration is below the applicable threshold.

mercury threshold compliance
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:boolean; expected unit: not specified.
subclass of: data item
definition: A data item that records whether mercury concentration complies with a stated threshold.
example: A true value indicating that mercury concentration is below the applicable threshold.

cadmium threshold compliance
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:boolean; expected unit: not specified.
subclass of: data item
definition: A data item that records whether cadmium concentration complies with a stated threshold.
example: A false value indicating that cadmium concentration exceeds the applicable threshold.

hexavalent chromium threshold compliance
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:boolean; expected unit: not specified.
subclass of: data item
definition: A data item that records whether hexavalent chromium concentration complies with a stated threshold.
example: A true value indicating that hexavalent chromium concentration is below the applicable threshold.

required tool and software
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:string; expected unit: not specified.
subclass of: directive information entity
definition: A directive information entity that specifies tools and software required for disassembly, testing, treatment, or reuse assessment.
example: A list requiring a diagnostic application and a puller tool for proper disassembly.

component position
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
alternative label: position
definition: An information content entity that records the position of a component within a product or vehicle.
example: Front left door recorded as the component position within a vehicle.

component quantity
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:integer; expected unit: count.
subclass of: quality
alternative label: quantity
definition: A quality that quantifies how many instances of a component occur in a product or vehicle.
example: Four identical door speakers recorded as a component quantity.

expected mileage
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:integer; expected unit: km.
subclass of: quality
definition: A quality that quantifies the expected travel distance over which a component can perform its intended function.
example: Expected mileage of 200000 km for a vehicle component.

design feedback information
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
alternative label: feedback to design
definition: An information content entity that records dismantling, reuse, repair, or recycling observations for later design improvement.
example: Feedback that a bonded joint should be replaced by a reversible fastening for easier dismantling.

waste code
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:string; expected unit: not specified.
subclass of: identifier
definition: An identifier that classifies a waste material or waste-containing part according to a stated waste code system.
example: A European List of Waste code assigned to a dismantled material fraction.

dismantling characteristics information
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
alternative label: dismantling information characteristics
definition: An information content entity that records product or component characteristics relevant to dismantling.
example: A dismantling characteristics record containing position, quantity, and expected mileage.

component identification information
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
alternative label: identification
definition: An information content entity that records identifiers for a product, component, vehicle, material, or batch.
example: A component identification record containing part number, batch identifier, and anonymized vehicle identification number.

circular economy information
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
alternative label: dismantling information circular economy
definition: An information content entity that records reuse, repair, remanufacturing, recycling, recovery, or disposal information for a product or component.
example: Circular economy information containing selected r-strategy, restricted substance compliance, and required tools.

recycling batch identifier
type: Class
subclass of: batch identifier
definition: A batch identifier assigned to a recycling batch for traceability.
example: BATCH-0001-9999-abcd recorded as a recycling batch identifier.

recycling information
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
definition: An information content entity that records recycling-related source, batch, process, composition, or actor data.
example: A recycling information record containing batch identifier, material source, and consumer share.

material source
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
alternative label: material source entity
definition: An information content entity that records the source category or provenance of material used in a recycling or production context.
example: Automotive post-consumer material recorded as a material source.

sustainability information
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
alternative label: sustainability
definition: An information content entity that records sustainability-related attributes of a product, material, process, or circular economy scenario.
example: A sustainability record containing recycled share, carbon footprint, and lifecycle stage.

consumer share
type: Class
subclass of: mass proportion
alternative label: consumer share entity
definition: A mass proportion that quantifies consumer-origin material within a material source or recycled content record.
example: The post-consumer automotive share in a recycled polymer material source.

service life
type: Class
subclass of: temporal interval
alternative label: service life component
definition: A temporal interval during which a component can perform its intended function under stated service conditions.
example: A service life interval of 12000 h for a bearing under stated load and temperature.

mechanical service life component
type: Class
subclass of: service life
definition: A service life component limited by mechanical loading conditions.
example: A 12000 h mechanical service life component under a stated cyclic load spectrum.

thermal service life component
type: Class
subclass of: service life
definition: A service life component limited by thermal loading conditions.
example: A 9000 h thermal service life component at a stated operating temperature.

chemical service life component
type: Class
subclass of: service life
definition: A service life component limited by chemical exposure conditions.
example: A 5000 h chemical service life component under stated oil exposure.

chemical medium service life component
type: Class
subclass of: chemical service life component
definition: A chemical service life component limited by exposure to a specified chemical medium.
example: A service life component for contact with engine oil or coolant.

humidity medium service life component
type: Class
subclass of: chemical service life component
definition: A chemical service life component limited by humidity or water exposure.
example: A service life component for exposure to 85 percent relative humidity.

usage data
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
definition: An information content entity that records service life, load, environmental, status, or incident data observed during product or component use.
example: A usage data record containing component age, load spectrum, incidents, and service life estimates.

component status
type: Class
subclass of: quality
definition: A quality of a component that records its functional, operational, or lifecycle state during use or assessment.
example: In service, failed, removed, repaired, or reused as a component status.

component age in use
type: Class
subclass of: temporal interval
alternative label: age of component
definition: A temporal interval that extends from a stated component use event to a stated observation event.
example: Age of a component calculated from installation date to dismantling date.

incident record
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:string; expected unit: not specified.
subclass of: data item
alternative label: incidents
definition: A data item that records incidents affecting a product or component during use.
example: A record of overload, crash exposure, overheating, or water ingress.

load spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: data item
definition: A data item that represents the distribution of loads experienced by a component over time or cycles.
example: A load collective describing cyclic forces experienced by a suspension component.

mechanical load spectrum at instance level
type: Class
subclass of: load spectrum
alternative label: mechanical load spectrum level of instance
definition: A load spectrum that records mechanical loads experienced by one individual component or product.
example: The load profile measured for one vehicle component during operation.

mechanical load spectrum at fleet level
type: Class
subclass of: load spectrum
alternative label: mechanical load spectrum level of fleet
definition: A load spectrum that aggregates mechanical loads experienced by a fleet of components or products.
example: An aggregated load profile calculated from all units in a fleet.

mechanical load amplitude at instance level
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:float; expected unit: N.
subclass of: quality
alternative label: mechanical load amplitude level of instance
definition: A quality that quantifies cyclic mechanical load amplitude experienced by one component or product.
example: A 450 N peak cyclic force amplitude recorded for one component during operation.

mechanical load amplitude at fleet level
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:float; expected unit: N.
subclass of: quality
alternative label: mechanical load amplitude level of fleet
definition: A quality that quantifies representative cyclic mechanical load amplitude across a fleet.
example: A 380 N representative cyclic force amplitude across a vehicle fleet.

mechanical load cycles at instance level
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:nonNegativeInteger; expected unit: cycle.
subclass of: quality
alternative label: mechanical load cycles level of instance
definition: A quality that quantifies the number of mechanical load cycles experienced by one component or product.
example: 250000 load cycles counted for one component during operation.

mechanical load cycles at fleet level
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:nonNegativeInteger; expected unit: cycle.
subclass of: quality
alternative label: mechanical load cycles level of fleet
definition: A quality that quantifies the number or distribution of mechanical load cycles across a fleet.
example: 1200000 load cycles derived from aggregated fleet operating data.

temperature spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: data item
definition: A data item that represents temperature magnitudes, durations, or cycles experienced by a component or product.
example: A thermal load spectrum showing temperature cycles over vehicle use.

temperature over cycles
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:string; expected unit: not specified.
subclass of: data item
definition: A data item that records temperature change or temperature values across cycles.
example: A temperature-over-cycles profile used in service-life assessment.

environmental spectrum
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:string; expected unit: not specified.
subclass of: data item
definition: A data item that represents environmental exposure conditions over time or cycles.
example: A combined exposure profile for humidity, chemical media, radiation, and dust.

simulation card
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
definition: An information content entity that specifies material, software, calibration, and parameter data used for simulation.
example: A material card used for an injection molding or structural simulation.

material card
type: Class
subclass of: simulation card
alternative label: simulation material card
definition: A simulation card that specifies material data for a simulation model.
example: A polymer material card calibrated for injection molding simulation.

simulation type
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:string; expected unit: not specified.
subclass of: information content entity
definition: An information content entity that classifies a simulation according to the modeled process or response.
example: Structural simulation or manufacturing simulation recorded as a simulation type.

simulation software
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:string; expected unit: not specified.
subclass of: software
definition: A software used to create, execute, calibrate, or interpret a simulation.
example: A named simulation software and version used for a material card.

calibration time
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:dateTime; expected unit: not specified.
subclass of: date value specification
definition: A date value specification that records when a simulation card or material model was calibrated.
example: The calibration time of a material card used in an injection molding simulation.

file format
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:string; expected unit: not specified.
subclass of: information content entity
definition: An information content entity that identifies the format in which a file or simulation card is encoded.
example: A material-card file format recorded for simulation data exchange.

manufacturing simulation parameter
type: Class
subclass of: value specification
definition: A value specification that provides an input, calibration, or output parameter for a manufacturing simulation.
example: Specific volume or viscosity data used as a manufacturing simulation parameter.

structural simulation parameter
type: Class
subclass of: value specification
definition: A value specification that provides an input, calibration, or output parameter for a structural simulation.
example: Stress, strain, or temperature values used in a structural material model.

fatigue simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation process
alternative label: fatigue entity
definition: A simulation process that represents material or component response under repeated cyclic loading.
example: A fatigue simulation used to estimate component life under cyclic service loads.

creep simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation process
alternative label: creep entity
definition: A simulation process that represents time-dependent deformation under sustained load.
example: A creep simulation based on strain-time curves from ISO 899 testing.

ageing simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation process
alternative label: ageing entity
definition: A simulation process that represents changes in material or component properties caused by ageing conditions.
example: A simulation of property degradation after thermal ageing.

parallel parameter temperature
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:float; expected unit: K.
subclass of: structural simulation parameter
definition: A structural simulation parameter that specifies temperature for behavior parallel to a reference direction.
example: Temperature parameter parallel to fiber orientation in a material card.

parallel parameter expansion
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:float; expected unit: percent.
subclass of: structural simulation parameter
definition: A structural simulation parameter that specifies expansion parallel to a reference direction.
example: Expansion parameter parallel to flow direction in a material card.

normal parameter temperature
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:float; expected unit: K.
subclass of: structural simulation parameter
definition: A structural simulation parameter that specifies temperature for behavior normal to a reference direction.
example: Temperature parameter normal to fiber orientation in a material card.

parallel quasistatic temperature parameter
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:float; expected unit: K.
subclass of: parallel parameter temperature
alternative label: parallel parameter quasi static temperature
definition: A structural simulation parameter that specifies the test temperature for quasistatic behavior parallel to a reference direction.
example: Temperature used for a parallel-direction ISO 527 stress-strain curve.

normal quasistatic temperature parameter
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:float; expected unit: K.
subclass of: normal parameter temperature
alternative label: normal parameter quasi static temperature
definition: A structural simulation parameter that specifies the test temperature for quasistatic behavior normal to a reference direction.
example: Temperature used for a normal-direction ISO 527 stress-strain curve.

simulation parameter
type: Class
subclass of: value specification
definition: A value specification that supplies an input, calibration, boundary, or output value for a simulation.
example: A stress, strain, temperature, viscosity, or specific-volume parameter used in a material card.

material mass
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:float; expected unit: kg.
subclass of: mass
alternative label: material weight
definition: A mass quality that quantifies the amount of material in a part, batch, or composition entry.
example: The mass of a polymer material fraction in a vehicle composition record.

mass fraction
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:float; expected unit: percent.
subclass of: mass proportion
definition: A mass proportion that quantifies a constituent mass relative to the total mass of the containing material, part, or product.
example: The mass fraction of glass fibers in a PA66-GF25 compound.

material for homologation
type: Class
subclass of: material
definition: A material entity represented in homologation data for calculating recycling or recovery quotas.
example: A VDA-classified material entry used in vehicle recycling quota calculation.

homologation material share
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:double; expected unit: percent.
subclass of: mass proportion
alternative label: share
definition: A mass proportion that quantifies the share of a material used in homologation quota calculation.
example: A material share reported for a VDA material group in a vehicle homologation record.

VDA standard identifier
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
alternative label: VDA standard id
definition: An identifier that records the VDA material classification standard used for a material entry.
example: VDA 231-106 used as the standard identifier for material classification.

item number
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
definition: An identifier that records the item to which a material entry belongs in a composition or homologation structure.
example: An item number for a component node in a vehicle material composition.

material number
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
definition: An identifier that records the material number in a stated material standard or classification scheme.
example: A material number listed in a VDA material classification record.

material standard
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
alternative label: standard
definition: A plan specification that defines material classification, designation, composition, or testing requirements.
example: A VDA material standard used to classify materials for homologation.

material physical state
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:string; expected unit: not specified.
subclass of: quality
alternative label: physical state
definition: A quality of a material that classifies its state as solid, liquid, gas, powder, granulate, or another stated form.
example: Granulate recorded as the physical state of a polymer feedstock.

material format
type: Class
subclass of: quality
definition: A quality of a material that classifies the form in which the material is provided, handled, or processed.
example: Pellets, flakes, powder, sheet, or compound recorded as a material format.

material status
type: Class
subclass of: quality
definition: A quality of a material that records its state in a process, supply, use, or recycling context.
example: Virgin, recycled, contaminated, dried, or approved as a material status.

range of uncertainty
type: Class
subclass of: uncertainty
definition: A value specification that states the tolerance or uncertainty interval associated with a material composition or measured value.
example: A plus-or-minus range reported for a recycled material share.

chemical characterization
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
definition: An information content entity that describes the chemical composition or chemical properties of a material.
example: A chemical characterization listing additives and regulated substances in a polymer compound.

thermal characterization
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
definition: An information content entity that describes thermal behavior or thermal properties of a material.
example: A thermal characterization including glass transition temperature and thermal expansion.

thermophysical property
type: Class
subclass of: thermal property
definition: A material property that characterizes a material's physical response to thermal conditions.
example: Glass transition temperature or coefficient of linear thermal expansion.

physical property
type: Class
subclass of: material property
definition: A material property that characterizes a material's physical state or behavior independently of a specific chemical reaction.
example: Density, viscosity, and specific volume recorded for a polymer material.

pressure-volume-temperature data
type: Class
subclass of: data item
alternative label: p v t
alternative label: pVT data
definition: A data item that records pressure-volume-temperature behavior of a material.
example: pVT curve data used for injection molding simulation of a thermoplastic.

material name
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:string; expected unit: not specified.
subclass of: identifier
definition: An identifier that records the name used for a material in a stated organization, standard, or data exchange.
example: Ultramid used as a material name in a material data record.

specific volume
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:float; expected unit: dm3/kg.
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: An intensive quality that quantifies volume per unit mass of a material.
example: Specific volume of a polymer melt used in pVT data for process simulation.

melting temperature
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:float; expected unit: degC.
subclass of: melting point
definition: A melting point that is represented as a temperature value for a material under stated conditions.
example: A melting temperature of 223 degC measured according to ISO 11357.

coefficient of linear thermal expansion parallel to flow
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:float; expected unit: 1/K.
subclass of: coefficient of linear thermal expansion
alternative label: linear thermal expansion coefficient parallel to flow
definition: A coefficient of linear thermal expansion measured or specified parallel to the material flow direction.
example: CLTE parallel to flow for an injection molded glass-fiber-reinforced polyamide.

coefficient of linear thermal expansion transverse to flow
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:float; expected unit: 1/K.
subclass of: coefficient of linear thermal expansion
alternative label: linear thermal expansion coefficient transverse to flow
definition: A coefficient of linear thermal expansion measured or specified transverse to the material flow direction.
example: CLTE transverse to flow for an injection molded glass-fiber-reinforced polyamide.

CAS number
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
alternative label: identification
definition: An identifier assigned by the Chemical Abstracts Service to a chemical substance.
example: A CAS number used to identify a chemical constituent in a material composition.

material composition name
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
alternative label: name
definition: An identifier that records the name of a constituent or material entry in a material composition.
example: The constituent name glass fiber in a composition table.

pressure-volume-temperature data point
type: Class
subclass of: data item
alternative label: pVT data point
definition: A data item that records one pressure, temperature, and specific volume tuple for a material.
example: A pVT data point with 80 MPa, 280 degC, and 0.91 dm3/kg for a polyamide melt.

pressure-volume-temperature pressure datum
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:float; expected unit: MPa or Pa.
subclass of: value specification
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: pressure
alternative label: pVT pressure datum
definition: A value specification that records the pressure value of a pressure-volume-temperature data point.
example: 80 MPa recorded as the pressure datum of a pVT data point.

pressure-volume-temperature temperature datum
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:float; expected unit: degC or K.
subclass of: value specification
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: temperature
alternative label: pVT temperature datum
definition: A value specification that records the temperature value of a pressure-volume-temperature data point.
example: 280 degC recorded as the temperature datum of a pVT data point.

pressure-volume-temperature specific volume datum
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:float; expected unit: dm3/kg or cm3/g.
subclass of: value specification
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: specific volume
alternative label: pVT specific volume datum
definition: A value specification that records the specific volume value of a pressure-volume-temperature data point.
example: 0.91 dm3/kg recorded as the specific volume datum of a pVT data point.

bill of materials
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
alternative label: BOM
definition: A plan specification that prescribes the material components and the quantities required to manufacture a product.
example: The bill of materials of a belt tensioner, listing each required component and its quantity.

bom position
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
alternative label: BOM item
definition: An information content entity that is about a required component of an assembly and states the quantity and item number of that requirement.
example: Position 0010 of a belt tensioner bill of materials, requiring one bracket.

material master record
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
definition: An information content entity that is about a material at a plant and records its type, status, classification, base quantity, and weights.
example: The plant 1001 master record of a steering component.

alternative item group
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
definition: An information content entity that groups the bill of materials positions which may substitute for one another to satisfy a single component requirement.
example: A group holding two interchangeable fasteners ranked by usage probability.

product hierarchy node
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:string.
subclass of: identifier
definition: An identifier that denotes the product hierarchy class to which a material is assigned.
example: The product hierarchy code 0846194007 of a belt tensioner.

material group
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:string.
subclass of: identifier
definition: An identifier that denotes the material group, or commodity class, to which a material belongs.
example: A material group code grouping metal stamping parts.

product segment
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:string.
subclass of: identifier
definition: An identifier that denotes the functional product segment of a material.
example: The segment 020000 Belt Tensioner of a material.

gross mass
type: Class
subclass of: mass
definition: A mass of a material entity that includes the mass of its packaging.
example: The gross mass of one packaged component.

net mass
type: Class
subclass of: mass
definition: A mass of a material entity that excludes the mass of its packaging.
example: The net mass of one unpackaged component.

procurement type specification
type: Class
subclass of: categorical value specification
definition: A categorical value specification that states whether a material is produced in-house or procured externally.
example: A procurement type whose value E denotes in-house production.

unit conversion factor
type: Class
subclass of: scalar value specification
definition: A scalar value specification that states the factor for converting a quantity of a material from its base unit to another unit.
example: A factor of one kilogram per piece for a component.

routing operation
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
alternative label: production operation
definition: A manufacturing process that constitutes one step of a production routing and is performed at a work center.
example: Operation 0010, the packaging step of a belt tensioner routing.

work center
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
definition: An object aggregate of machines, equipment, or workers that provides production capacity and at which routing operations are performed.
example: An assembly work center comprising the machines and operators that join a belt tensioner.

standard value
type: Class
subclass of: scalar value specification
definition: A scalar value specification that states a planned standard quantity of a routing operation for a given activity type, such as a setup, machine, or labour time.
example: A planned machine time of thirty seconds for an assembly operation.

activity type
type: Class
subclass of: categorical value specification
definition: A categorical value specification that classifies a standard value of a routing operation by the kind of activity it quantifies, such as machine, labour, or setup.
example: An activity type that classifies a standard value as labour time.

routing operation record
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
definition: An information content entity that is about a routing operation and records its operation number, control key, and work center.
example: The routing record of operation 0010 with its control key and standard values.

approved supplier assignment
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
alternative label: source list entry
definition: An information content entity that is about a material and a supplier and records that the supplier is approved to provide that material.
example: A source list entry recording that supplier SHS is approved to provide a component.

melt temperature
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:float; expected unit: degC.
subclass of: temperature
definition: A temperature quality that inheres in polymer melt material at a specified point or interval in a manufacturing process.
example: A melt temperature of 280 degC specified for processing PA66-GF25.

maximum melt temperature
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:float; expected unit: degC.
subclass of: melt temperature
disjoint with: minimum melt temperature
definition: A melt temperature that specifies the upper allowed or observed temperature of input melt in a manufacturing process.
example: A maximum melt temperature of 290 degC in an injection molding process window.

minimum melt temperature
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:float; expected unit: degC.
subclass of: melt temperature
definition: A melt temperature that specifies the lower allowed or observed temperature of input melt in a manufacturing process.
example: A minimum melt temperature of 270 degC in an injection molding process window.

mold temperature
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:float; expected unit: degC.
subclass of: temperature
definition: A temperature quality that inheres in a mold during a manufacturing process.
example: A mold temperature of 90 degC specified for processing a glass-fiber-reinforced polyamide.

maximum mold temperature
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:float; expected unit: degC.
subclass of: mold temperature
disjoint with: minimum mold temperature
definition: A mold temperature that specifies the upper allowed or observed temperature of a mold during a manufacturing process.
example: A maximum mold temperature of 100 degC in an injection molding process window.

minimum mold temperature
type: Class
comment: Expected value datatype: xsd:float; expected unit: degC.
subclass of: mold temperature
definition: A mold temperature that specifies the lower allowed or observed temperature of a mold during a manufacturing process.
example: A minimum mold temperature of 80 degC in an injection molding process window.

1. steel and iron materials
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 1. Stahl- und Eisenwerkstoffe @de
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 1
top concept of: VDA 231-106 material classification

2. light alloys, cast and wrought alloys
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 2. Leichtmetalle, Guss- und Knetlegierungen @de
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 2
top concept of: VDA 231-106 material classification

3. nonferrous heavy metals, cast and wrought alloys
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 3. Buntmetalle, Guss- und Knetlegierungen @de
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 3
top concept of: VDA 231-106 material classification

4. special metals
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 4. Sondermetalle @de
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 4
top concept of: VDA 231-106 material classification

5. polymer materials
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 5. Polymere Werkstoffe @de
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 5
top concept of: VDA 231-106 material classification

6. process polymers
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 6. Prozesspolymere @de
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 6
top concept of: VDA 231-106 material classification

7. other materials and material compounds
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 7. sonstige Werkstoffe und Werkstoffverbunde @de
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 7
top concept of: VDA 231-106 material classification

8. electronics / electrics
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 8. Elektronik / Elektrik @de
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 8
top concept of: VDA 231-106 material classification

9. fuels and auxiliary means
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 9. Kraftstoffe und Hilfsstoffe @de
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 9
top concept of: VDA 231-106 material classification

1.1 steels / cast steel / sintered steel
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 1.1 Stähle / Stahlguss / Sinterstahl @de
broader: 1. steel and iron materials
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 1.1

1.2 cast iron
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 1.2 Gusseisen @de
broader: 1. steel and iron materials
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 1.2

2.1 aluminium and aluminium alloys
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 2.1 Aluminium und Aluminiumlegierungen @de
broader: 2. light alloys, cast and wrought alloys
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 2.1

2.2 magnesium and magnesium alloys
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 2.2 Magnesium und Magnesiumlegierungen @de
broader: 2. light alloys, cast and wrought alloys
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 2.2

2.3 titanium and titanium alloys
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 2.3 Titan und Titanlegierungen @de
broader: 2. light alloys, cast and wrought alloys
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 2.3

3.1 copper
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 3.1 Kupfer @de
alternative label: 3.1 copper (e.g. copper in cable harnesses)
broader: 3. nonferrous heavy metals, cast and wrought alloys
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 3.1

3.2 copper alloys
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 3.2 Kupferlegierungen @de
broader: 3. nonferrous heavy metals, cast and wrought alloys
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 3.2

3.3 zinc alloys
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 3.3 Zinklegierungen @de
alternative label: 3.3 yinc alloys
broader: 3. nonferrous heavy metals, cast and wrought alloys
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 3.3

3.4 nickel alloys
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 3.4 Nickellegierungen @de
broader: 3. nonferrous heavy metals, cast and wrought alloys
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 3.4

3.5 lead
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 3.5 Blei @de
broader: 3. nonferrous heavy metals, cast and wrought alloys
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 3.5

4.1 platinum / rhodium
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 4.1 Platin / Rhodium @de
broader: 4. special metals
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 4.1

4.2 other special metals
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 4.2 andere Sondermetalle @de
alternative label: 4.2 others
broader: 4. special metals
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 4.2

5.1 thermoplastics (filled / unfilled)
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 5.1 Thermoplaste (gefüllt / ungefüllt) @de
broader: 5. polymer materials
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 5.1

5.2 thermoplastic elastomers
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 5.2 thermoplastische Elastomere @de
broader: 5. polymer materials
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 5.2

5.3 elastomers / elastomeric compounds
type: NamedIndividual
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 5.3 Elastomere / Elastomer-Verbunde @de
broader: 5. polymer materials
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 5.3

5.4 duromers
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 5.4 Duroplaste @de
broader: 5. polymer materials
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 5.4

5.5 polymeric compounds
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 5.5 Polymerverbunde @de
alternative label: 5.5 polymeric compounds (e.g. inseparable laminated trim parts)
broader: 5. polymer materials
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 5.5

VDA 231-106 material classification
type: NamedIndividual
description: Standardized material classification system used in the German automotive industry.
type: information content entity
type: ConceptScheme

6.1 lacquers
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 6.1 Lacke @de
broader: 6. process polymers
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 6.1

6.2 adhesives, sealants
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 6.2 Klebstoffe, Dichtmassen @de
broader: 6. process polymers
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 6.2

6.3 underseal
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 6.3 Unterbodenschutz @de
broader: 6. process polymers
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 6.3

7.1 modified organic natural materials
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 7.1 modified organic natural materials (e.g. leather, wood, cardboard, cotton fleece)
alternative label: 7.1 modifizierte organische Naturwerkstoffe @de
broader: 7. other materials and material compounds
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 7.1

7.2 ceramics / glass
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 7.2 Keramik / Glas @de
broader: 7. other materials and material compounds
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 7.2

7.3 other compounds
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 7.3 andere Verbunde @de
alternative label: 7.3 other compounds (e.g. friction linings)
broader: 7. other materials and material compounds
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 7.3

8.1 electronics
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 8.1 Elektronik @de
alternative label: 8.1 electronics (e.g. PC boards, displays)
broader: 8. electronics / electrics
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 8.1

8.2 electrics
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 8.2 Elektrik @de
broader: 8. electronics / electrics
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 8.2

9.1 fuels
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 9.1 Kraftstoffe @de
broader: 9. fuels and auxiliary means
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 9.1

9.2 lubricants
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 9.2 Schmierstoffe @de
broader: 9. fuels and auxiliary means
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 9.2

9.3 brake fluid
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 9.3 Bremsflüssigkeit @de
broader: 9. fuels and auxiliary means
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 9.3

9.4 coolant / other glycols
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 9.4 Kühlmittel / andere Glykole @de
broader: 9. fuels and auxiliary means
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 9.4

9.5 refrigerant
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 9.5 Kältemittel @de
broader: 9. fuels and auxiliary means
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 9.5

9.6 washing water, battery acids
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 9.6 Waschwasser, Batteriesäuren @de
broader: 9. fuels and auxiliary means
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 9.6

9.7 preservative
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 9.7 Konservierungsmittel @de
broader: 9. fuels and auxiliary means
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 9.7

9.8 other fuels and auxiliary means
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 9.8 andere Kraftstoffe und Hilfsstoffe @de
broader: 9. fuels and auxiliary means
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 9.8

1.1.1 unalloyed, low alloyed
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 1.1.1 unlegiert, niedriglegiert @de
broader: 1.1 steels / cast steel / sintered steel
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 1.1.1

1.1.2 highly alloyed
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 1.1.2 hochlegiert @de
broader: 1.1 steels / cast steel / sintered steel
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 1.1.2

1.2.1 cast iron with lamellar graphite / tempered cast iron
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 1.2.1 Gusseisen mit Lamellengraphit / Temperguss @de
broader: 1.2 cast iron
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 1.2.1

1.2.2 cast iron with nodular graphite / vermicular cast iron
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 1.2.2 Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit / Vermiculargusseisen @de
broader: 1.2 cast iron
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 1.2.2

1.2.3 highly alloyed cast iron
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 1.2.3 hochlegiertes Gusseisen @de
broader: 1.2 cast iron
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 1.2.3

2.1.1 cast aluminium alloys
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 2.1.1 Gussaluminiumlegierungen @de
broader: 2.1 aluminium and aluminium alloys
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 2.1.1

2.1.2 wrought aluminium alloys
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 2.1.2 Knetaluminiumlegierungen @de
broader: 2.1 aluminium and aluminium alloys
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 2.1.2

2.2.1 cast magnesium alloys
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 2.2.1 Gussmagnesiumlegierungen @de
broader: 2.2 magnesium and magnesium alloys
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 2.2.1

2.2.2 wrought magnesium alloys
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 2.2.2 Knetmagnesiumlegierungen @de
broader: 2.2 magnesium and magnesium alloys
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 2.2.2

5.4.1 polyurethane
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 5.4.1 Polyurethan @de
broader: 5.4 duromers
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 5.4.1

5.4.2 unsaturated polyester
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 5.4.2 ungesättigter Polyester @de
broader: 5.4 duromers
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 5.4.2

5.4.3 other duromers
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 5.4.3 andere Duroplaste @de
alternative label: 5.4.3 others
broader: 5.4 duromers
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 5.4.3

5.5.1 plastics
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 5.5.1 Kunststoffe @de
broader: 5.5 polymeric compounds
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 5.5.1

5.5.2 textiles
type: NamedIndividual
type: generically dependent continuant
type: information content entity
type: Concept
alternative label: 5.5.2 Textilien @de
broader: 5.5 polymeric compounds
in scheme: VDA 231-106 material classification
notation: 5.5.2

Automotive Circular Economy Ontology
type: Ontology
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0473-0070
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0744-8855
contributor: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1503-4422
contributor: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7468-3544
creator: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0473-0070
creator: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0744-8855
creator: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1503-4422
creator: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7468-3544
description: Application ontology for automotive circular-economy product, material, sustainability, usage, dismantling, engineering and transactional data aligned to PMDCore and BFO 2020.
license: CC-BY-4.0
version IRI: automatce-full.owl
version info: 2026-06-19

material
type: Class
comment: Instances of Portions Of Matter whose shape is relevant for their dispostion to participate in a manufacturing process may be (subclasses of) objects that bear a 'blank role' in the context of the manufacturing process.
comment: Material is defined in terms of the three main perspectives that material specifications rely on: the structure of the material ("intensive quality"), the performance of the material ("behavoiral material property") and the processing the material must have undergone ("output of some process"). When defining specific materials/material taxonomies, these three aspects shall be taken into account in the aristotelian ("per genus et differentiam") as differentiation.
comment: The sum of portions of matter of the same type form a portion of matter of that type.
label: Material @de
subclass of: portion of matter
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: portion of matter
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has characteristic
    some values from: material property
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has quality
    some values from: intensive quality
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: output of
    some values from: process
alternative label: Portion of Material
definition: A material is a portion of matter that may participate in some manufacturing process and whose shape is not relevant for its participation in the manufacturing process.

portion of matter
type: Class
comment: It is also representing a distinct physical or conceptual part of a material or substance. The open energy ontology OEO defines portion of matter as a subclass of object aggregate, which implies countability. Our portion is not (precisely) countable and thus bearer of intensive properties.
comment: Lome explanation for portion of matter: "What is a molecule cluster at the cellular level? Contrary to the molecular level, at the cellular level of granularity the boundary of each molecule is outside of the level of granular focus. What forms a discontinuous cluster of countable individual molecules and thus bona fide objects at the molecular level, is a continuous and non-countable molecular substance at coarser levels of granularity. At these coarser levels, the individual molecules cannot be differentiated and demarcated anymore and the cluster as a whole possesses only fiat inner boundaries."
subclass of: material entity
definition: A material entity that is not demarcated by any physical discontinuities. At some finer level of granularity it is an object aggregate, at some coarser level of granularity it is a fiat object part,but at this level of granularity it is neither.

engineered material
type: Class
comment: We recognize that some of the materials in the subclasses also occur naturally. However, these are not within the scope of our consideration for technical use.
subclass of: material
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is specified output of
  some values from: manufacturing process
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is specified output of
    some values from: manufacturing process
definition: An engineered material is a material that is output of a manufacturing process.

is subject of
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Inverse of 'is about'.

material property
type: Class
comment: A property is a material trait in terms of the kind and magnitude of response to a specific imposed stimulus. Generally, definitions of properties are made independent of material shape and size. (Callister, W.D., Rethwisch, D.G., Materials Science and Engineering, Wiley, 2014) Technical materials are complex aggregates. Many properties that are determined for those aggregates are intrinsically associated with the methodologies employed in the measurement process. This is in contrast to typical 'physical' properties, which like e.g. mass that can be determined to high accuracy independently of the measurement process. As a consequence, material properties in the ontology are differeciated according to their measurement method, e.g. Brinell hardness and Vickers hardness are different types of indentation hardness rather than different measures/quantification (GDC) of the materials property 'indentation hardness'. The 'unit idenifieres' of such properties (e.g. "HV1", "HV10", "HBW") are strictly speaking not units but rather references to the measurement methodology used to determine a numeric value that quantifies the property. Extensive properties that depend on the object being tested rather than on the portion of matter are (extensive) object- or system-properties.
subclass of: disposition
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: stimulating process
definition: a disposition of a portion of matter that is realized in a compatible process and whose realization is grounded in the portions intensive qualities

process attribute
type: Class
comment: Process attribute for a process has a similar application to specifically dependened continuant (SDC) for an independent continuant (IC). Furthermore, process attribute describes how SDCs of some participants, i.e., ICs, change in a process. Specific rates, e.g., tensile rate, cooling rate, etc. should be added as subclasses of this class.
subclass of: occurrent
alternative label: process characteristic
definition: a process attribute is a dependent occurrent that existentially depends on a process.
example: Tensile rate in a tensile testing process. Cooling rate in a quenching process

mold
type: Class
label: mould
subclass of: device
definition: A device consisting of a hollowed-out cavity that shapes fluid or plastic material into a specific form through the process of solidification or cooling.

specified by value
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is subject of
definition: A relation between an entity and a value specification which is about this entity.

geological process
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: A natural process that operates within the Earth system to transform, transport, or deform Earth materials, thereby changing Earth structures and landforms

ASTM grainsize
type: Class
subclass of: grain size
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is quality measured as
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: measurement datum
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: is specified output of
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: process
        intersection of: Restriction
definition: The ASTM grain size is a quality that is measured through a process that follows the ASTM standard.

aggregate state
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: specified by value
  some values from: aggregate state value
equivalent class: Restriction
  on class: aggregate state value
  on property: specified by value
  qualified cardinality: 1
definition: an intensive quality representing the physical state of a material, such as solid, liquid, or gasous

flow of electric charge
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: is the process of movement of charged particles

heat flow
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: is a process in which transfer of thermal energy between or within material entities occurs

generation of magnetic field
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: is a process that occurs as a reaction to change of elctric field or movement of charges and produces a magnetic field

mechanical process
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: is a process in which forces, moments, or imposed displacements to objects or object aggregates occur and/or the equivalent (stresses, strains) to materials or portions of matter

assembling process
type: Class
label: Assemblierungsprozess @de
subclass of: manufacturing process
equivalent class: assembly process
definition: An assembling process is a manufacturing process that mounts or demounts components.

bulk
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: Class
    union of: object aggregate
    union of: object
  on property: part of
definition: The bulk is a fiat object part that describes the volume or mass of material considered as a whole, often in contrast to surface or interface phenomena.

change of temperature
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: change of temperature is a process in which a particpant changes its temperature

chemical composition
type: Class
comment: See the editor note of composition to understand the difference between composition and chemical composition. See the pattern example of composition to underatand the difference between composition and proportion.
subclass of: composition
definition: The chemical composition is an intensive quality of a portion of matter which describes the types and proportions of pure chemical elements in the portion of matter, and it is a subject of some chemical composition data item.

chemical potential
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: an intensive quality of a thermodynamic system describing the energy change associated with the addition of a small quantity of a substance to a system at constant temperature and pressure.

composite
type: Class
subclass of: connected material entity aggregate
definition: An object aggregate that consists of two or more bonded materials with dissimilar physical or chemical properties which are used to complement each other where the parts remain seperate and distinct in the resulting object aggregate.
example: carbon fibre reinforced polymer laminated glass wood hard metal composites for abrasive tools

computing process
type: Class
label: Datenverarbeitung @de
label: Rechenprozess @de
subclass of: completely executed planned process
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has specified input
    some values from: information content entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has specified output
    some values from: information content entity
definition: A process that involves the systematic use of computational methods and tools to perform simulations, analyses, or data transformations to achieve specific scientific or engineering goals.
definition: Ein Prozess, der die systematische Verwendung von rechnerischen Methoden und Werkzeugen umfasst, um Simulationen, Analysen oder Datenumwandlungen durchzuführen, um spezifische wissenschaftliche oder technische Ziele zu erreichen. @de

crystal structure
type: Class
comment: The finite set of periodic geometric arrangements is described e.g. by the 14 possible Bravais Lattices in three-dimensional space.
subclass of: intensive quality
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: specified by value
  some values from: bravais lattice (3D)
equivalent class: Restriction
  on class: bravais lattice (3D)
  on property: specified by value
  qualified cardinality: 1
definition: an intensive qualtty of a crystal that embodies the periodic geometric arrangement of entities in a crystal lattice.

defect density
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: an intensive quality describing the number of defects per unit volume or area in a material, which can affect its mechanical and electronic properties

deformation
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: The deformation is a process describing a change in the shape, size, or structure of a material often under the influence of stress or force.

density
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: The density is a universal intensive quality representing the unit mass of a portion of matter per unit volume.

device
type: Class
label: Gerät @de
subclass of: object
definition: A device is an object that is designed to perform a specific function or task involving measurement, manipulation, processing, or analysis.
definition: Ein physisches oder virtuelles Objekt, das verwendet wird, um eine bestimmte Funktion oder Aufgabe auszuführen, häufig im Zusammenhang mit der Messung, Manipulation oder Analyse von Materialien. @de

elastic modulus
type: Class
subclass of: stiffness
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  some values from: Class
    union of: object aggregate
    union of: object
    union of: bulk
definition: represents a material's stiffness, defined as the ratio of stress to strain in the elastic deformation region.

electric potential
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
definition: an extensvie quality describing the amount of work needed to move a unit charge from a reference point to a specific location in an electric field.

emission of radiation
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: The emission radiation is a process describing the release of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles from a material.

evolution of damage
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: An evolution of damage is a process representing the progression of material degradation under mechanical, thermal, or chemical stresses.

functional material
type: Class
subclass of: material
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: object
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has function
      some values from: function
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part of
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: object
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has function
        some values from: function
definition: A functional material F is an engineered material which has the disposition to be used for an object O (O consists of F) and O's function is other/more than mechanical load carrying.

glass
type: Class
comment: It is often composed of silica-based compounds.
subclass of: material
definition: A glass is an engineered material present as an amorphous solid typically formed by rapid cooling of a melt.

crystallite
type: Class
label: kristallit @de
subclass of: crystal
alternative label: Korn @de
alternative label: grain
definition: A crystal grain is a crystal that is part of a polycrystal.

hardness
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property
definition: The hardness is a mechanical property used as a measure of a material's resistance to localized plastic deformation, often tested by indentation or scratch methods.

heat capacity
type: Class
subclass of: thermal property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: responds with
  some values from: change of temperature
definition: The heat capacity is a thermal property describing the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a material by a given amount.

refraction (optical)
type: Class
comment: e.g., air into glass
subclass of: optical property
definition: Optical property which describes the bending of light as it passes from one medium into another due to a change in the light’s speed.

injection molding machine
type: Class
label: Spritzgießmaschine @de
subclass of: device
definition: An injection molding machine is a device used to produce plastic parts by injecting molten plastic into molds under high pressure.
definition: Eine Spritzgießmaschine ist ein Gerät, das verwendet wird, um Kunststoffteile durch Einspritzen von geschmolzenem Kunststoff in Formen unter hohem Druck herzustellen. @de

absorption of radiation
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: process of taking up radiation by a material entity

manufacturing process
type: Class
comment: Manufacturing processes alternate qualities of materials, i.e., a value specification of some quality of a material entity, which is a specified input to the process, cannot be the same as a value specification of the same quality of another material entity, which is a specified output of the process. Unfortunately it is not possible to write down such axiom based on OWL. Semi-working solution are the temporally qualified continuants + SPARQL constrains.
label: Herstellungsprozess @de
subclass of: completely executed planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified input
  some values from: Class
    union of: object aggregate
    union of: object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: Class
    union of: object aggregate
    union of: object
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: completely executed planned process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has specified input
    some values from: Class
      union of: object aggregate
      union of: object
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has specified output
    some values from: Class
      union of: object aggregate
      union of: object
definition: A planned process that is driven by the primary intent to transform objects A manufacturing process is always a transformative process.
definition: Ein geplannter Prozess, der von der primären Absicht angetrieben wird, Objekte zu transformieren. Ein Herstellungsprozess ist immer ein Transformationsprozess. @de

matrix role
type: Class
subclass of: role
disjoint with: filler role
definition: Matrix is the role of a 'PortionOfConnectedMatter' that implies to host the Filler.

mechanical property
type: Class
comment: The axiom that mechanical property has realization some application of mechanical load treats only conventional materials and not such effects as magnetostriction etc.
subclass of: material property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: mechanical process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  some values from: material
definition: A mechanical property is a material property which is a characteristic of material M. Mechanical property has realization in a stimulating process (in most cases, application of mechanical load), and the stimulating process is an occurent part of another process, in which an object O that is an instance of M participates.

melting point
type: Class
subclass of: state of matter boundary
definition: The melting point is a state of matter boundary realized by transition form the solid state to the liquid state (or vice versa).

metal
type: Class
subclass of: material
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: material
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: crystallite
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has part
        some values from: Class
definition: A metal is an engineered material representing a class of materials characterized by high electrical and thermal conductivity, ductility, and metallic bonding.

crystallographic texture
type: Class
comment: typically observed through crystallographic analysis
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: an intensive quality describing the arrangement and orientation of grains in a polychrystal

natural organic material
type: Class
subclass of: material
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has quality
  some values from: organic composition
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: output of
  some values from: Class
    union of: biological_process
    union of: geological process
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has quality
    some values from: organic composition
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: output of
    some values from: Class
      union of: biological_process
      union of: geological process
definition: Natural organic materials are materials derived from natural biological sources, primarily composed of carbon-based compounds.
definition: material derived from natural biological sources or processes

chemical reaction
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: The occurrence of (a) chemical reaction is the process in which substances interact to form new chemical compounds or alter their molecular structure.

optical property
type: Class
subclass of: material property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: absorption of wave radiation
definition: An optical property is a material property representing the characteristics that describe how a material interacts with light, including reflection, refraction, and absorption.

phase boundary (realization)
type: Class
subclass of: realizable entity
definition: A phase boundary is a realizable entity that is realized by the transition between distinct phases.

polymer
type: Class
subclass of: material
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: output of
  some values from: polymerization
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: output of
    some values from: polymerization
definition: A polymer is an engineered material that consists of many repeated subunits (monomers) to form long chains. The atoms within a polymer chain are bonded together by covalent bonds. The intermolecular forces between polymer chains are typically represented by van der waals forces and hydrogen bonds.

connected material entity aggregate
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
definition: An object aggregate that is a mereological sum of separate material entities, which adhere to one another through chemical bonds or physical junctions that go beyond gravity.
example: the atoms of a molecule, the molecules forming the membrane of a cell, the epidermis in a human body

disconnected material entity aggregate
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
definition: An object aggregate that is a mereological sum of scattered (i.e. spatially separated) material entities, which do not adhere to one another through chemical bonds or physical junctions but, instead, relate to one another merely on grounds of metric proximity. The material entities are separated from one another through space or through other material entities that do not belong to the group.
example: a heap of stones, a colony of honeybees, a group of synapses, the trees of a forest, the canopy of a forest, the fish of a shoal, a group of commuters on the subway, the patients in a hospital

pressure
type: Class
comment: The pressure is commonly measured in Pascals.
subclass of: intensive quality
disjoint with: temperature
definition: an intensive quality describing the force exerted per unit area in or on a material.

primary shaping
type: Class
label: Urformen @de
subclass of: manufacturing process
alternative label: Primary Forming
definition: A manufacturing process that creates a defined workpiece from shapeless material by producing cohesion, whereby the characteristic properties of the material become visible in the end product.
definition: Ein Herstellungsprozess, der aus formlosem Stoff durch das Herstellen von Kohäsion ein definiertes Werkstück schafft, wobei die charakteristischen Eigenschaften des Materials im Endprodukt sichtbar werden. @de
example: Casting, Sintering

primary shaping from the plastic state
type: Class
label: Urformen Aus Dem Plastischen Zustand @de
subclass of: primary shaping
definition: A primary shaping process that involves forming materials from a plastic state.
definition: Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem plastischen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Thermoforming of plastic sheets.

simulation process
type: Class
label: Simulationsprozess @de
subclass of: computing process
definition: A computing process that models the behavior of a system over time using mathematical or computational techniques.
definition: Ein Datenverarbeitungsprozess, der das Verhalten eines Systems im Laufe der Zeit mit mathematischen oder rechnerischen Techniken modelliert @de

specific surface area
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: an intensive quality embodying the total surface area of a material per unit of mass or volume.

stiffness
type: Class
subclass of: material property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: responds with
  some values from: deformation
disjoint with: strength
definition: The stiffness is a material property describing the resistance of a material to deformation under an applied force.

stimulating process
type: Class
subclass of: process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realizes
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Class
      union of: disposition
      union of: material property
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: characteristic of
      some values from: portion of matter
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: realizes
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: Class
        union of: disposition
        union of: material property
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: characteristic of
        some values from: portion of matter
definition: The stimulating process is a process describing the application of an external influence, such as force, heat, or radiation, to study material response.

strength
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property
definition: The strength is a material property describing the maximum stress a material can withstand before failure.

temperature
type: Class
comment: The concept refers to an absolute temperature, not to be mistaken with temperature difference.
comment: To express that an object has a temperature, the property 'intensive bearer of' can be used. It implies a chain of: object consists of some portion of matter and portion of matter bearer of some temperature.
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: The temperature is a fundamental intensive quality representing the average atomic or molcular movement or vibration of a portion of matter.

thermal property
type: Class
subclass of: material property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: heat flow
definition: A thermal property is a material property representing attributes of a material that describe its behavior under temperature changes, such as thermal conductivity and expansion.

absorption of wave radiation
type: Class
subclass of: absorption of radiation
definition: process of taking up elctromagnetic radiation by a material entity

in response to
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: responds with
definition: inverse of responds with

responds with
type: ObjectProperty
domain: realizable entity
definition: The realizable entity must be "stimulated" by some Stimulus in order to respond with the Response. The bearer of the realizable entity must participate in Stimulation as well as in Response.

uncertainty
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
definition: A quantitative indication of the doubt about a measurement result, expressing the range within which the true value is expected to lie.

date value specification
type: Class
subclass of: value specification
definition: A datum that represents a date or time interval associated with another specification.

organic composition
type: Class
subclass of: composition
definition: A composition characterized by a primary molecular structure of carbon atoms covalently bonded to hydrogen (C-H bonds), typically forming linear, branched, or networked chains.

polymerization
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: The chemical process of reacting monomers, oligomers, or reactive precursors together to form longer macromolecular chains or three-dimensional networks

filler role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: Filler is the role of a 'PortionOfDisconnectedMatter' that implies being hosted in a matrix.

crystal
type: Class
subclass of: object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has quality
  some values from: crystal structure
definition: A crystal is an object that has a quality "crystal structure".

porosity
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: itensive quality embodiying the fraction of the materials (enclosing) spatial region occupied by pores.

bravais lattice triclinic primitive
type: NamedIndividual

bravais lattice monoclinic primitive
type: NamedIndividual

bravais lattice monoclinic base-centered
type: NamedIndividual

bravais lattice orthorombic primitive
type: NamedIndividual

bravais lattice orthorhombic base-centered
type: NamedIndividual

bravais lattice orthorhombic body-centered
type: NamedIndividual

bravais lattice orthorhombic face-centered
type: NamedIndividual

bravais lattice tetragonal primitive
type: NamedIndividual

bravais lattice tetragonal body-centered
type: NamedIndividual

bravais lattice hexagonal rhombohedral primitive
type: NamedIndividual

bravais lattice hexagonal hexagonal primitive
type: NamedIndividual

bravais lattice cubic primitive
type: NamedIndividual

bravais lattice cubic body-centered
type: NamedIndividual

bravais lattice cubic face-centered
type: NamedIndividual

corrosion
type: Class
comment: Corrosion is typically of interest when the change of the material affects the objects ability to fulfill its function.
subclass of: process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: changes quality
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: chemical composition
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: quality of
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: material entity
        intersection of: Restriction
definition: corrosion is a slow chemical or electrochemical degradation process of a material entity due to its interaction with the surrounding environment.

metallic grain structures
type: Class
subclass of: categorical value specification
equivalent class: Class
  one of: bainite
  one of: austenite
  one of: ferrite
  one of: ledeburite
  one of: pearlite
  one of: widmanstatten structure
  one of: martensite
definition: The metallic grain structures is a categorical value specification that specifies value of the metallic grain structure quality. It describes the morphology of polycrystalline metallic materials. Polycrystalline metallic materials will typically form their grain structures as one of those categories or a transition or mixture state of those.

bainite
type: NamedIndividual

austenite
type: NamedIndividual

bravais lattice (3D)
type: Class
comment: TODO: possibly extend for 2D (Graphene etc) More elaborate crystal descriptions may be found in http://emmo.info/domain-crystallography/crystallography or https://purls.helmholtz-metadaten.de/disos/cso
subclass of: categorical value specification
equivalent class: Class
  one of: bravais lattice triclinic primitive
  one of: bravais lattice monoclinic primitive
  one of: bravais lattice monoclinic base-centered
  one of: bravais lattice orthorombic primitive
  one of: bravais lattice orthorhombic base-centered
  one of: bravais lattice orthorhombic body-centered
  one of: bravais lattice orthorhombic face-centered
  one of: bravais lattice tetragonal primitive
  one of: bravais lattice tetragonal body-centered
  one of: bravais lattice hexagonal rhombohedral primitive
  one of: bravais lattice hexagonal hexagonal primitive
  one of: bravais lattice cubic primitive
  one of: bravais lattice cubic body-centered
  one of: bravais lattice cubic face-centered
definition: The bravais lattice is a categorical value specification that specifies value of the crystal structure quality. It describes the possible geometric arrangement of lattice points in a crystal. The present descriptor is limited to the 14 possible three-dimensional arrangements.

ferrite
type: NamedIndividual

proportion
type: Class
subclass of: relational quality
disjoint with: bond
alternative label: concentration
alternative label: fraction
definition: A proportion is a relational quality between two entities (the whole and the part) which quantifies the relation between the whole and its part.

mass proportion
type: Class
subclass of: proportion
definition: Mass proportion is a proportion which quantifies the mass of the part relative to the mass of the whole.

molar proportion
type: Class
subclass of: proportion
alternative label: Molar Ratio
definition: Molar proportion is the proportion which quantifies the entities count of the part in relation to the entities count of the whole.
example: The molar ratio of hydrogen gas H2 molecules to water H2O molecules is 1/1 in the oxyhydrogen reaction. The molar ratio of oxygen molecules O2 to water molecules is 2/1. The molar ratio of carbon dioxide to average atmosphere air is 420 ppm as of 2022 AD.

volume proportion
type: Class
subclass of: proportion
definition: Volume proportion is a proportion which quantifies the volume of the part relative to the volume of the whole.

polycrystal
type: Class
subclass of: connected material entity aggregate
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: crystallite
alternative label: Polycrystalline structure
definition: A polycrystal is a connected material entity aggregate that consists of multiple crystal grains joined through crystallographic interfaces.

ledeburite
type: NamedIndividual

pearlite
type: NamedIndividual

widmanstatten structure
type: NamedIndividual

martensite
type: NamedIndividual

grain size distribution
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: An intensive quality describing the lower length scale object aggregate (grains) that is part of the material.

aggregate state value
type: Class
subclass of: categorical value specification
equivalent class: Class
  one of: aggregate state solid
  one of: aggregate state liquid
  one of: aggregate state gaseous
  one of: aggregate state plasma
  one of: aggregate state atom gas
  one of: aggregate state supercritical fluid
  one of: aggregate state mesomorphic
  one of: aggregate state suprafluid
  one of: aggregate state suprasolid
definition: The aggregate state value is a categorical value specification that specifies value of the aggregate state quality.

aggregate state solid
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state where the bonds between entities transmit shear forces.

aggregate state liquid
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state where the bonds of the entities transmit no shear force.

aggregate state gaseous
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state where the entities have no bonding.

aggregate state plasma
type: NamedIndividual
definition: An aggregate state where the entities are atom nuclei and have no bonds.

aggregate state atom gas
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A gaseous state where the gas entities are atoms.

aggregate state supercritical fluid
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state with strong bindings between entities that do not transmit shear force.

aggregate state mesomorphic
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state where some bonds transmit shear stresses and some do not.

aggregate state suprafluid
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state with frictionless binding that transmits no shear force between entities.

aggregate state suprasolid
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state that exhibits suprafluid and solid properties.

intensive quality
type: Class
subclass of: quality
subclass of: Restriction
disjoint with: extensive quality
alternative label: Point property
definition: An intensive quality is a quality that inheres in only portion of matter and thus is independent of the bearers (system-) size.

size
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
definition: an extensive quality of a material entity that describes its spatial extend.

mass
type: Class
comment: Mass is relevant in such processes as gravitation, acceleration, etc.
subclass of: extensive quality
definition: Mass is fundamental extensive quality.

lot
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
definition: A lot is an object aggregate whose parts are output of the same production process.

energy
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
definition: an extensive quality of material entities which manifests as a capacity to perform work (such as causing motion or the interaction of molecules)

process chain
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: A process chain is a process that 'has continuant part' subprocesses S1...Sn where S1...Sn precede each other and where some object or object aggregate that are output of Sn are then input to Sn+1.

extensive quality
type: Class
subclass of: quality
definition: An extensive quality is a quality that inheres in only object or object aggregate or fiat object part or chemical entity and is dependent on the bearers (system-) size.

volume
type: Class
subclass of: size
definition: Volume is a three dimensional size.

activity (thermodynamic)
type: Class
subclass of: relational quality
definition: Thermodynamic activity is a relational quality that inheres between a chemical species and a non-ideal solution and represents the effective concentration of the species accounting for particle interactions.

state of matter boundary
type: Class
subclass of: phase boundary (realization)
definition: A state of matter boundary is a phase boundary that is realized by the transition from one aggregate state to another aggregate state.

order scale value
type: Class
subclass of: categorical value specification
equivalent class: Class
  one of: short range order
  one of: medium range order
  one of: long range order
  one of: no range order
definition: possible values of characteristic length over which structural correlations persist in a material

short range order
type: NamedIndividual
definition: periodic arrangement of structural features up to a few entities

medium range order
type: NamedIndividual
definition: periodic arrangement of structural features of many entities

long range order
type: NamedIndividual
definition: periodic arrangement of structural features of virtually all entities

order scale
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: specified by value
  some values from: order scale value
equivalent class: Restriction
  on class: order scale value
  on property: specified by value
  qualified cardinality: 1
definition: characteristic length over which structural correlations persist in a material

no range order
type: NamedIndividual
definition: no periodic arrangement of structural features of entites

grain size
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: quality of
  some values from: polycrystal
definition: an intensive quality epitomizing the average size of the grains of a polycrystal

composition
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: Composition is an intensive quality which defines types and proportions of compounds present in a material entity and is subject of some composition data item.
example: 4 vol.% nitric acid solution, Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) Block Copolymer with 50 vol.% of both styrene and butadiene

metallic grain structure
type: Class
comment: ferrite, austenite, martensite, etc.
subclass of: intensive quality
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: specified by value
  some values from: metallic grain structures
equivalent class: Restriction
  on class: metallic grain structures
  on property: specified by value
  qualified cardinality: 1
definition: intensive quality epitomizing the distinct phases in the microscopic structure of a metallic material.

material reacting process
type: Class
comment: material reacting process has always energy minimization as a driving force.
subclass of: process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occurs in
  some values from: portion of matter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: in response to
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Class
      union of: disposition
      union of: material property
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has realization
      some values from: stimulating process
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: occurs in
    some values from: portion of matter
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: in response to
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: Class
        union of: disposition
        union of: material property
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has realization
        some values from: stimulating process
definition: Material reacting process is a process which occurs in a portion of matter due to some of its disposition or behavioral material property which has realization in some stimulating process. Both the material reacting process and stimulating process must be occurent parts of a planned process, if the planned process takes place.

changes quality
type: ObjectProperty
domain: process
range: quality
definition: indicates that a process changes a quality

has relational quality
type: ObjectProperty
domain: independent continuant
range: relational quality
inverse of: relational quality of
property chain axiom: has part
definition: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a relational quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
example: material has relational quality mass proportion m, and portion of iron has the same relational quality mass proportion m

relational quality of
type: ObjectProperty
property chain axiom: part of
definition: a relation between a relational quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
example: mass proportion m is relational qualitiy of material, and the same mass proportion m is relational qualitiy of portion of iron

length
type: Class
comment: Length is a size that describes the spatial extent of its bearer in one dimension.
subclass of: size
alternative label: dimension
definition: Length is a one dimensional size.

supply chain objective specification
type: Class
comment: Bridge axiom for the PMD class stub referenced by the LOG import.
subclass of: objective specification
definition: An objective specification that states an objective for a supply chain process.

bond
type: Class
subclass of: relational quality
definition: A bond is a relational quality describing the force interaction between atoms.

metallic bond
type: Class
subclass of: bond
definition: A metallic bond is a bond that forms between metal atoms, where electrons are shared in a "sea" of electrons that move freely around the metal ions. This type of bonding gives metals their characteristic properties such as conductivity and malleability.

thermoplastic polymer
type: Class
subclass of: polymer
definition: polymer that becomes moldable when heated and solidifies upon cooling

abbreviation
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: A textual annotation used to specify a commonly accepted abbreviation, acronym, or shortened form of a class label. This property is intended to support concise referencing of ontology classes, especially when standard abbreviations are widely used in practice.
example: "DNA" for "Deoxyribonucleic Acid"

optical glass
type: Class
subclass of: glass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has characteristic
  some values from: refraction (optical)
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: glass
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has characteristic
    some values from: optical property
definition: glass manufactured for optical components
example: e.g., lenses, prisms, mirrors

functional glass
type: Class
subclass of: functional material
subclass of: glass
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: glass
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part of
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: object
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has function
        some values from: function
definition: glass that is designed to perform specific roles beyond conventional optical applications

shape
type: Class
label: Form @de
subclass of: extensive quality
definition: Das sichtbare Ausstattungsmerkmal (räumliche Form oder Kontur) eines bestimmten Objektes oder einer Art von Objekt. @de
definition: Extemsive quality, the visible makeup characteristic (spatial form or contour) of a particular item or kind of item.

biological material
type: Class
subclass of: material
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: output of
  some values from: biological_process
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: output of
    some values from: biological_process
alternative label: biomaterial
definition: material produced by a living organism
example: Biological Comosite such as Wood, Bone, Silk, Wool; Biopolymers such as cellulose, colagene; Biogenic minerals such as hydroxyapatite

biological composite
type: Class
subclass of: composite
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: output of
  some values from: biological_process
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: composite
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: output of
    some values from: biological_process
definition: composite consisting of two or more distinct material phases organized in a multi-scale structure that act synergistically to fulfill specific properties or functions
example: such as Wood, Bone, Silk, Wool;

biopolymer
type: Class
subclass of: polymer
subclass of: biological material
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: polymer
  intersection of: biological material
alternative label: biomacromoleules
definition: polymer produced by the metabolic processes of a living organism
example: such as Polysaccharides like cellulose or Chitin; Proteins like colagene or Fibroin

bio-based material
type: Class
subclass of: material
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: output of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: manufacturing process
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has specified input
      some values from: biological material
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: output of
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: manufacturing process
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has specified input
        some values from: biological material
definition: material intentionally processed from materials derived from living (or once-living) organisms
example: Engineered Biopolymers such as Polylactic Acid (PLA); Reconstituted Biopolymers such as Regenerated Cellulose (Rayon/Viscose); Biocomposites such as Wood-Plastic Composites (WPC); Biochemicals (e.g. Bio-based Adhesives)

bio-based composite
type: Class
subclass of: composite
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: bio-based material
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: composite
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: bio-based material
alternative label: biocomposite; bio-composite
definition: composite consisting of at least one constituent derived from biological or bio-based sources
example: such as Wood-Plastic Composite (WPC), Hemp-fiber reinforced Polypropylene

injection molding
type: Class
Source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580, group 1.2.2 “Spritzgießen”.
Source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580, Gruppe 1.2.2 „Spritzgießen“. @de
label: Spritzgießen @de
subclass of: primary shaping from the plastic state
alternative label: injection moulding; plastic injection molding
definition: A primary shaping from the plastic state process in which plastic granules are plasticised in an injection unit and the melt is injected under high pressure into a closed mold cavity, where it cools and solidifies to the final part shape.
definition: Urformverfahren, bei dem Kunststoffgranulat in einem Plastifizieraggregat aufgeschmolzen und die Schmelze mit hohem Druck in einen geschlossenen Formhohlraum eingespritzt wird, wo sie verdichtet, abkühlt und zum Formteil erstarrt. @de
example: Injection molding of polypropylene housings.

product identifier
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: denotes
  some values from: material product
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: denotes
  some values from: material product

batch identifier
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
definition: denotes all material artifact generated by one distinguishable manufacturing process run

agreement
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
definition: understanding between two or more parties that contains a set of commitments on the part of the parties

commercial service agreement
type: Class
subclass of: agreement
definition: agreement between a customer and service provider that is about some commercial service to be provided by the service provider in exchange for compensation from the customer

transport equipment role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: role held by a material artifact when it is planned to be involved in or is involved in carrying out some part of a planned transportation process and that is not consumed in that planned process

purchase order
type: Class
subclass of: agreement
definition: agreement between a buyer and a vendor (supplier) that that contains a set of commitments on the buyer and the vendeor

lot number
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: denotes
  some values from: lot
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: identifier
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: denotes
    some values from: lot
definition: identifier that uniquely denotes a particular quantity of material entities that have shared production or transformation history

organization identifier
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: denotes
  some values from: organization
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: identifier
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: denotes
    some values from: organization
definition: identifier that identifies an organization

part number
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
definition: identifier that uniquely identifies an artifact (material artifact) and that is created according to some part numbering system

physical location identifier
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: denotes
  some values from: site
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: identifier
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: denotes
    some values from: site
definition: identifier that identifies a physical location (site)

global location number
type: Class
subclass of: physical location identifier
definition: identifer that uniquely identifies a business organization or a geospatial location and complies with GS1 GLN coding scheme

agent
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: agent role
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: bearer of
    some values from: agent role

buyer
type: Class
subclass of: agent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: buyer role
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Class
    union of: organization
    union of: person
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: bearer of
    some values from: buyer role
definition: person or organization which has a buyer role

consignee
type: Class
subclass of: agent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: consignee role
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Class
    union of: organization
    union of: person
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: bearer of
    some values from: consignee role
definition: person or business organization that receives some shipment

consignor
type: Class
subclass of: agent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: consignor role
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Class
    union of: organization
    union of: person
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: bearer of
    some values from: consignor role
alternative label: shipper
definition: person or business organization that prepares and sends shipments for transport

distributor
type: Class
subclass of: agent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: distributor role
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Class
    union of: organization
    union of: person
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: bearer of
    some values from: distributor role
definition: person or business organization when it purchases products from manufacturers and resells them to wholesalers

shipper
type: Class
subclass of: agent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: consignor role
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Class
    union of: person
    union of: business organization
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: bearer of
    some values from: consignor role
definition: person or business organization that prepares and sends shipments for transport

supplier
type: Class
subclass of: agent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: supplier role
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Class
    union of: organization
    union of: person
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: bearer of
    some values from: supplier role
definition: person or organization which has a supplier role

carrier
type: Class
subclass of: service provider
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: transportation service provider role
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Class
    union of: organization
    union of: person
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: bearer of
    some values from: transportation service provider role
definition: person or business organization who provides transportation services

service provider
type: Class
subclass of: supplier
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: service provider role
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Class
    union of: organization
    union of: person
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: bearer of
    some values from: service provider role
definition: person or organization which has a service provider role

supply chain agent
type: Class
subclass of: agent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: supply chain agent role
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Class
    union of: organization
    union of: person
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: bearer of
    some values from: supply chain agent role
definition: person or business organization who supplies material products or commercial services to other agents in a supply chain

wholesaler
type: Class
subclass of: agent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: wholesaler role
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: agent
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: bearer of
    some values from: wholesaler role
definition: person or business organization that buys products from distributors and resells them to retailers or other business organizations

load
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: load role
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: bearer of
    some values from: load role
definition: collection of material entities which share the same transportation and transfer history

material component
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: material component role
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: bearer of
    some values from: material component role
definition: material entity which has the material component role

material product
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: material product role
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: bearer of
    some values from: material product role
definition: material entity which has the material product role

material resource
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: material resource role
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: bearer of
    some values from: material resource role
definition: material entity which has the material resource role

supply chain system
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: participates in
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: process
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has input
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: plan
        intersection of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: participates in
  some values from: Class
    union of: commercial service
    union of: product production process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has member
  some values from: supplier
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: object aggregate
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: participates in
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: process
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has input
        some values from: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: participates in
    some values from: Class
      union of: commercial service
      union of: product production process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has member
    some values from: supplier
definition: engineered system composed of agents, facilties, machines, and information systems that is designed to deliver products and services to end customers through an engineered flow of information, material, and cash

manufacturing supply chain system
type: Class
subclass of: supply chain system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: participates in
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: supply chain process
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has output
      some values from: material product
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: supply chain system
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: participates in
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: supply chain process
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has output
        some values from: material product
definition: supply chain system that is formed to manufacture one or more products

service supply chain system
type: Class
subclass of: supply chain system
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: participates in
  some values from: commercial service
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: supply chain system
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: participates in
    some values from: commercial service
definition: supply chain system that is formed to deliver some commercial services

piece of transport equipment
type: Class
subclass of: object
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: transport equipment role
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: object
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: bearer of
    some values from: transport equipment role
definition: piece of equipment that has the function of holding, protecting, and securing a number of material entites for transportation purposes

container
type: Class
subclass of: piece of transport equipment
definition: piece of transport equipment that is designed to contain some material entities

business organization
type: Class
subclass of: organization
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: business function
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: organization
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: bearer of
    some values from: business function
definition: organization engaging in or planning to engage in any activity of buying and selling goods or services for a profit

shipment
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: bearer of
  some values from: shipment role
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: bearer of
    some values from: shipment role
definition: collection of material entities delivered to a receiver's location that have undergone the same dispatch and receipt processes

transportation business function
type: Class
subclass of: business function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: transportation service
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: business function
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has realization
    some values from: transportation service
definition: business function that is realized in a transportation service

agent role
type: Class
subclass of: role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: inheres in
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Class
      intersection of: material entity
      intersection of: Class
        complement of: fiat object part
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: acts on behalf of
      some values from: Class
        union of: organization
        union of: person
definition: role that someone or something has when they act on behalf of a person, engineered system or a group of agents

buyer role
type: Class
subclass of: agent role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: inheres in
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Class
      union of: organization
      union of: person
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: participates in
      some values from: buying business process
definition: agent role held by a person or organization when it buys a product or a service

consignee role
type: Class
subclass of: agent role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: inheres in
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Class
      union of: organization
      union of: person
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: participates in
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: receiving process
        intersection of: Restriction
definition: role held by a person or business organization when it receives a shipment from a carrier and owns the shipment after the receipt

consignor role
type: Class
subclass of: agent role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: inheres in
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Class
      union of: organization
      union of: person
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: participates in
      some values from: transportation service
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: participates in
      some values from: shipment preparation process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: inheres in
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Class
      union of: organization
      union of: person
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: owns
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: shipment
        intersection of: Restriction
definition: role held by a business organization or person when it prepares, initiates, and consigns a shipment it owns

distributor role
type: Class
subclass of: agent role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: inheres in
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Class
      union of: organization
      union of: person
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: participates in
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: selling business process
        intersection of: Restriction
definition: role held by a person or business organization when it buys some material products from a manufacturer and resells them to a wholesaler

supplier role
type: Class
subclass of: agent role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: inheres in
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Class
      union of: organization
      union of: person
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: participates in
      some values from: Class
        union of: selling business process
        union of: supplying business process
definition: agent role held by a person or organization when it offers to sell or provide products or services

service provider role
type: Class
subclass of: supplier role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: inheres in
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Class
      union of: organization
      union of: person
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: participates in
      some values from: Class
        union of: commercial service
        union of: Class
definition: supplier role held by a person or organization when it offers to sell or provide a commercial service

logistics service provider role
type: Class
subclass of: service provider role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: inheres in
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Class
      union of: organization
      union of: person
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: participates in
      some values from: logistics service
definition: service provider role that is held by a business organization or person when it provides a logistics service

transportation service provider role
type: Class
subclass of: logistics service provider role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: inheres in
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Class
      union of: person
      union of: business organization
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: participates in
      some values from: transportation service
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: logistics service provider role
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: inheres in
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: Class
        union of: person
        union of: business organization
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: participates in
        some values from: transportation service

supply chain agent role
type: Class
subclass of: agent role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: supply chain process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: inheres in
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: agent
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: part of
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: object aggregate
        intersection of: Restriction
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: agent role
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has realization
    some values from: supply chain process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: inheres in
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: agent
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: part of
        some values from: Class
definition: role held by an agent that is a part of a supply chain system when it supplies material products or commercial services to other agents in the supply chain system

wholesaler role
type: Class
subclass of: agent role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: inheres in
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Class
      union of: person
      union of: business organization
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: bearer of
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: buyer role
        intersection of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: inheres in
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Class
      union of: person
      union of: business organization
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: participates in
      some values from: supplying business process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: inheres in
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Class
      union of: person
      union of: business organization
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: participates in
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: selling business process
        intersection of: Restriction
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: inheres in
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Class
      union of: person
      union of: business organization
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: participates in
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: selling business process
        intersection of: Restriction
definition: role held by a person or business organization when it buys some product from a distributor and resells them to retailers

supply chain node role
type: Class
subclass of: location role
definition: location role held by a geospatial site when it is the site some supply chain process

material product role
type: Class
subclass of: role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: inheres in
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: material entity
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: participates in
      some values from: Class
        union of: buying business process
        union of: selling business process
        union of: supplying business process
definition: role held by a material entity that is intended to be sold, or has been bought, or has been supplied

raw material role
type: Class
subclass of: role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: inheres in
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: material entity
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: participates in
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: buying business process
        intersection of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: Class
    union of: product production process
    union of: Class
      intersection of: manufacturing process
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: occurrent part of
        some values from: product production process
  on property: has realization
definition: role held by a material entity when it is acquired by an organizational entity with some plan to transform or modify it into intermediate-level components or substances or into a product

lot role
type: Class
subclass of: traceable resource unit role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: inheres in
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: material entity
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: denoted by
      some values from: lot number
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: participates in
      some values from: manufacturing process
definition: traceable resource unit role held by material entities that have a shared production or transformation history

shipment role
type: Class
subclass of: traceable resource unit role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: inheres in
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: material entity
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: output of
      some values from: shipment preparation process
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: transport process
  on property: has realization
definition: traceable resource unit role held by material entities when they undergo the same dispatch and receipt processes as prescribed by a bill of lading

load role
type: Class
subclass of: traceable resource unit role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: inheres in
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: material entity
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: participates in
      some values from: material location change process
definition: traceable resource unit role held by a number of material entities that have been transferred or transported together

traceable resource unit role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: role held by a number of uniquely identified material entities when they participate in some supply chain processes or production processes while some agent observes them and collects information about them for future retrieval

location role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: role held by a geospatial site when it is the location of some material entity at some time or the site of some process

business function
type: Class
subclass of: function
definition: function of an organization to partake in for profit activities as prescribed by the objectives specified by that organization

commercial service specification
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
definition: plan specification that prescribes a commercial service

packaging plan specification
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
definition: plan specification that prescribes a packaging process

supply chain plan specification
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
definition: plan specification that has one or more supply chain objective specifications as parts and that prescribes a supply chain process

raw material
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
definition: material entity which has the raw material role

material component role
type: Class
subclass of: role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: inheres in
  some values from: material entity
definition: role held by a material entity when it is a proper part of another material entity or is planned to be a proper part of another material entity

material resource role
type: Class
subclass of: role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: inheres in
  some values from: material entity
definition: role played by a material entity that consists in it being available to a person or group of agents or engineered system

buying business process
type: Class
subclass of: business process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant
  some values from: Class
    union of: commercial service agreement
    union of: material product
definition: business process wherein a financial instrument is used by an agent (buyer) to acquire ownership of a product or commercial service from another agent (seller) for the buyer itself or for another agent (customer)

commercial service
type: Class
subclass of: business process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has occurrent part
  some values from: supplying business process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant
  some values from: service provider
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is subject of
  some values from: commercial service agreement
definition: business process that consists of a service provisioning process and a consumption process

logistics service
type: Class
subclass of: commercial service
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has occurrent part
  some values from: Class
    union of: manufacturing service
    union of: packaging process
    union of: transport process
definition: commercial service that consists of at least one transport process, packaging process, freight forwarding, or storage process

transportation service
type: Class
subclass of: logistics service
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: logistics service
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has occurrent part
    some values from: transport process
definition: business process that results in placing a material entity in the possession of some agent without changing the ownership until the material entity is sold
definition: logistics service that consists of at least one transport process

manufacturing service
type: Class
subclass of: commercial service
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has occurrent part
  some values from: manufacturing process
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: commercial service
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has occurrent part
    some values from: manufacturing process
definition: commercial service that consists of at least one manufacturing process

packaging process
type: Class
subclass of: business process
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: business process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has participant
    some values from: material product
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has input
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: plan
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: concretizes
        some values from: packaging plan specification
definition: business process of putting some products or some portion of material into a package according to a packaging plan specification

product production process
type: Class
subclass of: business process
definition: business process that consists of at least one manufacturing process through which raw materials and components are transformed or modified to create a material product

receiving process
type: Class
subclass of: business process
definition: planned process in which an agent receives some material entity from another agent

supply chain process
type: Class
subclass of: business process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant
  some values from: supply chain agent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: concretizes
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: supply chain plan specification
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: depends on
      some values from: supply chain agent
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: business process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has participant
    some values from: supply chain agent
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: concretizes
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: supply chain plan specification
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: depends on
        some values from: supply chain agent
definition: planned process in which a supply chain plan specification is realized by a number of supply chain agents

selling business process
type: Class
subclass of: business process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant
  some values from: supplier
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant
  some values from: Class
    union of: commercial service agreement
    union of: material product
definition: business process wherein a product or commercial service is offered by an agent (seller) for another agent (buyer) to acquire ownership via a financial instrument

shipment preparation process
type: Class
subclass of: business process
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: business process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has participant
    some values from: shipper
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has participant
    some values from: material product
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has output
    some values from: shipment
definition: business process in which some material entities are prepared to be transported together to a receiver’s location

supplying business process
type: Class
subclass of: business process
subclass of: Class
  union of: Restriction
    on property: occurrent part of
    some values from: commercial service
  union of: Restriction
    on property: has participant
    some values from: material product
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant
  some values from: supplier
definition: business process wherein a product or service is supplied

business process
type: Class
subclass of: process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: agent
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: acts on behalf of
      some values from: business organization
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has input
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: plan
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: concretizes
      some values from: plan specification
definition: planned process which is prescribed by a plan specification with one or more objectives specified by a business organization

assembly process
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has input
    some values from: material component
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has output
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: object aggregate
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has member
        some values from: Class
definition: manufacturing process in which a number of material components are physically connected to each other to form an assembly

material location change process
type: Class
subclass of: process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: material entity
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property:
        inverse of: location of
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: independent continuant
        intersection of: Restriction
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property:
        inverse of: location of
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: independent continuant
        intersection of: Restriction
definition: planned process that results in a material entity moving from one physical location to another

transport process
type: Class
subclass of: material location change process
definition: material location change process involving the movement of material entities by some piece of transport equipment

acts on behalf of
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  intersection of: material entity
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: fiat object part
range: Class
  union of: organization
  union of: person
  union of: Class
    intersection of: object aggregate
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has member
      some values from: person
definition: relation from a material entity to a person or a group of agents or engineered system that holds when the material entity participates in some planned process in order to fulfill an objective for the person or group of agents or engineered system

owns
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: person
  union of: business organization
range: independent continuant
sub property of: topObjectProperty
definition: relationship from a person or business organization to an independent continuant when the agent holds the independent continuant as legal property