Platform Material Digital Application Ontology for Logistics and supplychain (log)
type: Ontology
version IRI: log-simple.owl
creator: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1649-6832
description: This is an alignment of the IOF Supply Chain Ontologies Library to the Platform Material Digital Core Ontology. It contains ontologies to be used in the domain of supply chain and logistics.
dcterms:license: http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
comment: The logistics application ontology for use with PMD Core Ontology (PMDco). The scope of this module is the description of material science and engineering related logistics and general organization. Its is adopted from the IOF SupplyChain Module https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/
version info: 2025-11-20

definition source
type: AnnotationProperty
IAO_0000115: Formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007
IAO_0000115: formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007
definition source: Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>

dcterms:license
type: AnnotationProperty

part of
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
IAO_0000112: my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities)
IAO_0000112: my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity)
IAO_0000112: this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood)
IAO_0000115: a core relation that holds between a part and its whole
IAO_0000116: Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other.
IAO_0000116: Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/
IAO_0000116: Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'.

has realization
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: realizes
definition: b has realization c =Def c realizes b
example: As for realizes

realizes
type: ObjectProperty
definition: (Elucidation) realizes is a relation between a process b and realizable entity c such that c inheres in some d & for all t, if b has participant d then c exists & the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c
example: A balding process realizes a disposition to go bald; a studying process realizes a student role; a process of pumping blood realizes the pumping function of a heart

occurs in
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: environs
definition: b occurs in c =Def b is a process or a process boundary & c is a material entity or site & there exists a spatiotemporal region r & b occupies spatiotemporal region r & for all time t, if b exists at t then c exists at t & there exist spatial regions s and s' where b spatially projects onto s at t & c occupies spatial region s' at t & s is a continuant part of s' at t
example: A process of digestion occurs in the interior of an organism; a process of loading artillery rounds into a tank cannon occurs in the interior of the tank

exists at
type: ObjectProperty
definition: (Elucidation) exists at is a relation between a particular and some temporal region at which the particular exists
example: First World War exists at 1914-1916; Mexico exists at January 1, 2000

has occurrent part
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: occurrent part of
type: TransitiveProperty
definition: b has occurrent part c =Def c occurrent part of b
example: Mary's life has occurrent part Mary's 5th birthday

occurrent part of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: part of
type: TransitiveProperty
definition: (Elucidation) occurrent part of is a relation between occurrents b and c when b is part of c
example: Mary's 5th birthday is an occurrent part of Mary's life; the first set of the tennis match is an occurrent part of the tennis match

environs
type: ObjectProperty
definition: b environs c =Def c occurs in b
example: Mouth environs process of mastication; city environs traffic

bearer of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: inheres in
definition: b bearer of c =Def c inheres in b
example: A patch of ink is the bearer of a colour quality; an organism is the bearer of a temperature quality

inheres in
type: ObjectProperty
definition: b inheres in c =Def b is a specifically dependent continuant & c is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region & b specifically depends on c
example: A shape inheres in a shaped object; a mass inheres in a material entity

occupies temporal region
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
definition: p occupies temporal region t =Def p is a process or process boundary & the spatiotemporal region occupied by p temporally projects onto t
example: The Second World War occupies the temporal region September 1, 1939 - September 2, 1945

first instant of
type: ObjectProperty
definition: t first instant of t' =Def t is a temporal instant & t' is a temporal region t' & t precedes all temporal parts of t' other than t
example: An hour starting at midnight yesterday has first instant midnight yesterday

last instant of
type: ObjectProperty
definition: t last instant of t' =Def t is a temporal instant & t' is a temporal region & all temporal parts of t' other than t precede t
example: Last midnight is the last instant of yesterday

is about
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is subject of
IAO_0000112: This document is about information artifacts and their representations
IAO_0000115: A (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity.
IAO_0000116: 7/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg. Following discussion with Jonathan Rees, and introduction of "mentions" relation. Weaken the is_about relationship to be primitive. We will try to build it back up by elaborating the various subproperties that are more precisely defined. Some currently missing phenomena that should be considered "about" are predications - "The only person who knows the answer is sitting beside me" , Allegory, Satire, and other literary forms that can be topical without explicitly mentioning the topic.
definition source: Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy

denotes
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is about
inverse of: denoted by
IAO_0000112: A person's name denotes the person. A variable name in a computer program denotes some piece of memory. Lexically equivalent strings can denote different things, for instance "Alan" can denote different people. In each case of use, there is a case of the denotation relation obtaining, between "Alan" and the person that is being named.
IAO_0000115: A primitive, instance-level, relation obtaining between an information content entity and some portion of reality. Denotation is what happens when someone creates an information content entity E in order to specifically refer to something. The only relation between E and the thing is that E can be used to 'pick out' the thing. This relation connects those two together. Freedictionary.com sense 3: To signify directly; refer to specifically
IAO_0000116: 2009-11-10 Alan Ruttenberg. Old definition said the following to emphasize the generic nature of this relation. We no longer have 'specifically denotes', which would have been primitive, so make this relation primitive. g denotes r =def r is a portion of reality there is some c that is a concretization of g every c that is a concretization of g specifically denotes r
definition source: Conversations with Barry Smith, Werner Ceusters, Bjoern Peters, Michel Dumontier, Melanie Courtot, James Malone, Bill Hogan

denoted by
type: ObjectProperty
IAO_0000115: inverse of the relation 'denotes'

participates in
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has participant
IAO_0000112: this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation
IAO_0000112: this input material (or this output material) participates in this process
IAO_0000112: this investigator participates in this investigation
IAO_0000115: a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process

has participant
type: ObjectProperty
IAO_0000112: this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot
IAO_0000112: this investigation has participant this investigator
IAO_0000112: this process has participant this input material (or this output material)
IAO_0000115: a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
IAO_0000116: Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time.

concretizes
type: ObjectProperty
IAO_0000112: A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The quality (a specifically dependent continuant) concretizes the journal article (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant).
IAO_0000112: An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process).
IAO_0000115: A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant or process and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant or process also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants or processes can concretize the same generically dependent continuant.

location of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: located in
type: TransitiveProperty
IAO_0000112: my head is the location of my brain
IAO_0000112: this cage is the location of this rat
IAO_0000115: a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location
IAO_0000116: Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/

located in
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
property chain axiom: located in
property chain axiom: part of
IAO_0000112: my brain is located in my head
IAO_0000112: this rat is located in this cage
IAO_0000115: a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location
IAO_0000116: Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus
IAO_0000116: Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/

has input
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has participant
inverse of: input of
IAO_0000115: p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p.

has output
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has participant
inverse of: is output of
IAO_0000115: p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present in the same state at the beginning of p.

has member
type: ObjectProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
IAO_0000115: has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item.
definition source: SIO

input of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: participates in
IAO_0000115: inverse of has input

is output of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: participates in
IAO_0000115: inverse of has output
label: output of

is subject of
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Inverse of 'is about'.

specifies role
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is about
inverse of: role specified by

role specified by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is subject of

acts on behalf of
type: ObjectProperty
IAO_0000412: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ActsOnBehalfOfAtSomeTime
definition: relation from a material entity to a person or a group of agents or engineered system that holds when the material entity participates in some planned process in order to fulfill an objective for the person or group of agents or engineered system

owned by
type: ObjectProperty
IAO_0000412: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/OwnedBy
definition: relationship from a material entity to a person or business organization when the material entity is held by the person or business organization as legal property

owns
type: ObjectProperty
IAO_0000412: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/owns
definition: relationship from a person or business organization to an independent continuant when the agent holds the independent continuant as legal property

industrial inventory
type: Class
subclass of: material resource
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: industrial inventory role
  on property: bearer of
IAO_0000412: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/IndustrialInventory
definition: material product, material component, raw material, or material artifact that is ready to be sold or used and is stored in a storage facility or on factory floor

industrial inventory role
type: Class
subclass of: material resource role
IAO_0000412: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/IndustrialInventoryRole
definition: role held by some material entity when it is stored by a bussiness organization and it is intended to be supplied to a customer or to be used or consumed in some product production process

consigning process
type: Class
subclass of: business process
IAO_0000412: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ConsigningProcess
definition: business process that results in placing a material entity in the possession of some agent without changing the ownership until the material entity is sold

freight forwarding process
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: business process
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: freight forwarder
    on property: has participant
IAO_0000412: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/FreightForwardingProcess
definition: business process of planning and coordinating the transportation of material products on behalf of a shipper

manufacturer identifier
type: Class
subclass of: organization identifier

product identifier
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: material product
  on property: denotes

batch identifier
type: Class
definition: denotes all material artifact generated by one distinguishable manufacturing process run

agreement
type: Class
IAO_0000412: Agreement
definition: understanding between two or more parties that contains a set of commitments on the part of the parties

commercial service agreement
type: Class
subclass of: agreement
IAO_0000412: CommercialServiceAgreement
definition: agreement between a customer and service provider that is about some commercial service to be provided by the service provider in exchange for compensation from the customer

bill of lading
type: Class
subclass of: commercial service agreement
IAO_0000412: BillOfLading
definition: agreement between a shipper and a carrier that prescribes some consigning process

transport equipment role
type: Class
IAO_0000412: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/EquipmentRole
definition: role held by a material artifact when it is planned to be involved in or is involved in carrying out some part of a planned transportation process and that is not consumed in that planned process

purchase order
type: Class
subclass of: agreement
IAO_0000412: PurchaseOrder
definition: agreement between a buyer and a vendor (supplier) that that contains a set of commitments on the buyer and the vendeor

lot number
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: lot
  on property: denotes
IAO_0000412: LotNumber
definition: identifier that uniquely denotes a particular quantity of material entities that have shared production or transformation history

organization identifier
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: organization
  on property: denotes
IAO_0000412: OrganizationIdentifier
definition: identifier that identifies an organization

part number
type: Class
IAO_0000412: PartNumber
definition: identifier that uniquely identifies an artifact (material artifact) and that is created according to some part numbering system

physical location identifier
type: Class
IAO_0000412: PhysicalLocationIdentifier
definition: identifier that identifies a physical location (site)

global location number
type: Class
subclass of: physical location identifier
IAO_0000412: GlobalLocationNumber
definition: identifer that uniquely identifies a business organization or a geospatial location and complies with GS1 GLN coding scheme

location identification scheme
type: Class
IAO_0000412: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/LocationIdentificationScheme
definition: identification scheme that prescribes how unique identifiers of physical locations are formulated

customer
type: Class
subclass of: agent
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: customer role
  on property: bearer of
IAO_0000412: Customer
definition: person or organization which has a customer role

agent
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: agent role
  on property: bearer of
IAO_0000412: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/iof/ontology/core/Core/Agent

buyer
type: Class
subclass of: agent
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: buyer role
  on property: bearer of
IAO_0000412: Buyer
definition: person or organization which has a buyer role

consignee
type: Class
subclass of: agent
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: consignee role
  on property: bearer of
IAO_0000412: Consignee
definition: person or business organization that receives some shipment

consignor
type: Class
subclass of: agent
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: consignor role
  on property: bearer of
IAO_0000412: Shipper
alternative label: shipper
definition: person or business organization that prepares and sends shipments for transport

distributor
type: Class
subclass of: agent
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: distributor role
  on property: bearer of
IAO_0000412: Distributor
definition: person or business organization when it purchases products from manufacturers and resells them to wholesalers

freight forwarder
type: Class
subclass of: service provider
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: freight forwarder role
  on property: bearer of
IAO_0000412: FreightForwarder
definition: person or business organization when it arranges the transportation of shipments on behalf of the shipper (consignor) or consignee

manufacturer
type: Class
subclass of: agent
subclass of: organization
IAO_0000412: Manufacturer
definition: organization which has a manufacturer role

retailer
type: Class
subclass of: agent
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: retailer role
  on property: bearer of
IAO_0000412: Retailer
definition: person or business organization who buys products from wholesalers and manufacturers and resells them to end users

shipper
type: Class
subclass of: agent
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: consignor role
  on property: bearer of
IAO_0000412: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/Shipper
definition: person or business organization that prepares and sends shipments for transport

supplier
type: Class
subclass of: agent
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: supplier role
  on property: bearer of
IAO_0000412: Supplier
definition: person or organization which has a supplier role

carrier
type: Class
subclass of: service provider
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: transportation service provider role
  on property: bearer of
IAO_0000412: Carrier
definition: person or business organization who provides transportation services

service provider
type: Class
subclass of: supplier
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: service provider role
  on property: bearer of
IAO_0000412: ServiceProvider
definition: person or organization which has a service provider role

supply chain agent
type: Class
subclass of: agent
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: supply chain agent role
  on property: bearer of
IAO_0000412: SupplyChainAgent
definition: person or business organization who supplies material products or commercial services to other agents in a supply chain

wholesaler
type: Class
subclass of: agent
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: wholesaler role
  on property: bearer of
IAO_0000412: Wholesaler
definition: person or business organization that buys products from distributors and resells them to retailers or other business organizations

cargo
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: cargo role
  on property: bearer of
IAO_0000412: Cargo
definition: material entity that is transported using a transport equipment by a carrier

load
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: load role
  on property: bearer of
IAO_0000412: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/Load
definition: collection of material entities which share the same transportation and transfer history

maintainable material item
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: maintainable material item role
  on property: bearer of
IAO_0000412: MaintainableMaterialItem
definition: material artifact or engineered system which has the maintainable material item role

material component
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: material component role
  on property: bearer of
IAO_0000412: MaterialComponent
definition: material entity which has the material component role

material product
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: material product role
  on property: bearer of
IAO_0000412: MaterialProduct
definition: material entity which has the material product role

material resource
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: material resource role
  on property: bearer of
IAO_0000412: MaterialResource
definition: material entity which has the material resource role

department
type: Class
definition: object aggregate that is part of an organisation and consists of persons that are members of the same organisation
PMD_0000060: true

facility
type: Class
IAO_0000412: Facility
definition: engineered system that consists of buildings, structures, roads, machines, and equipment desgined to provide certain capabilities

laboratory
type: Class
subclass of: facility
definition source: “Laboratory.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/laboratory. Accessed 24 Nov. 2022.
definition: A place equipped for experimental study in a science or for testing and analysis.
PMD_0000060: true

storage facility
type: Class
subclass of: facility
IAO_0000412: StorageFacility
definition: facility that is designed to store materials or goods

distribution center
type: Class
subclass of: storage facility
IAO_0000412: DistributionCenter
definition: storage facility designed to store manufactured products that are to be distributed to resellers and wholesalers

logistic unit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: logistic unit role
  on property: bearer of
IAO_0000412: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/LogisticUnit
definition: material entities packaged together for transport or storage

lot
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: lot role
  on property: bearer of
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: lot number
  on property: denoted by
IAO_0000412: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/Lot
definition: quantity of material entities produced together and sharing the same production history and specifications

supply chain system
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Class
    union of: commercial service
    union of: product production process
  on property: participates in
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: supplier
  on property: has member
IAO_0000412: SupplyChainSystem
definition: engineered system composed of agents, facilties, machines, and information systems that is designed to deliver products and services to end customers through an engineered flow of information, material, and cash

manufacturing supply chain system
type: Class
subclass of: supply chain system
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: supply chain process
    intersection of: Restriction
      some values from: material product
      on property: has output
  on property: participates in
IAO_0000412: ManufacturingSupplyChain
definition: supply chain system that is formed to manufacture one or more products

service supply chain system
type: Class
subclass of: supply chain system
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: commercial service
  on property: participates in
IAO_0000412: ServiceSupplyChain
definition: supply chain system that is formed to deliver some commercial services

piece of transport equipment
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: transport equipment role
  on property: bearer of
IAO_0000412: PieceofTransportEquipment
definition: piece of equipment that has the function of holding, protecting, and securing a number of material entites for transportation purposes

container
type: Class
subclass of: piece of transport equipment
IAO_0000412: Container
definition: piece of transport equipment that is designed to contain some material entities

trailer
type: Class
subclass of: piece of transport equipment
IAO_0000412: Trailer
definition: piece of transport equipment that is unpowered and is pulled by a powered vehicle

wagon
type: Class
subclass of: piece of transport equipment
IAO_0000412: Wagon
definition: piece of transport equipment in a rail transport system used for carrying cargo or passengers

integrated carrier business organization
type: Class
subclass of: business organization
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: freight forwarding business function
  on property: bearer of
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: transportation business function
  on property: bearer of
IAO_0000412: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/IntegratedCarrierBusinessOrganization
definition: business organization that is created for the purpose of providing different types of transportation and freight forwarding services

business organization
type: Class
subclass of: organization
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: business function
  on property: bearer of
IAO_0000412: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/BusinessOrganization
definition: organization engaging in or planning to engage in any activity of buying and selling goods or services for a profit

organization
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: organization identifier
  on property: denoted by
definition source: OEO_00030022
definition: An organization is an immaterial entity that has the organisation role and there exists some sort of legal framework that recognises the entity and its continued existence.
PMD_0000060: true
PMD_0001032: issue: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/101

shipment
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: shipment role
  on property: bearer of
IAO_0000412: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/Shipment
definition: collection of material entities delivered to a receiver's location that have undergone the same dispatch and receipt processes

freight forwarding business function
type: Class
subclass of: business function
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: freight forwarding service
  on property: has realization
IAO_0000412: FreightForwardingBusinessFunction
definition: business function that is realized in a freight forwarding service

transportation business function
type: Class
subclass of: business function
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: transportation service
  on property: has realization
IAO_0000412: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/TransportationBusinessFunction
definition: business function that is realized in a transportation service

agent role
type: Class
IAO_0000412: AgentRole
definition: role that someone or something has when they act on behalf of a person, engineered system or a group of agents

buyer role
type: Class
subclass of: agent role
IAO_0000412: BuyerRole
definition: agent role held by a person or organization when it buys a product or a service

consignee role
type: Class
subclass of: agent role
IAO_0000412: ConsigneeRole
definition: role held by a person or business organization when it receives a shipment from a carrier and owns the shipment after the receipt

consignor role
type: Class
subclass of: agent role
IAO_0000412: ConsignorRole
definition: role held by a business organization or person when it prepares, initiates, and consigns a shipment it owns

customer role
type: Class
subclass of: agent role
IAO_0000412: CustomerRole
definition: agent role held by a person or organization when it utilizes the product or receives the service or subscribes to the commercial service agreement

service consumer role
type: Class
subclass of: customer role
IAO_0000412: ServiceConsumerRole
definition: customer role held by a person or business organization when it receives and consumes a service

distributor role
type: Class
subclass of: agent role
IAO_0000412: DistributorRole
definition: role held by a person or business organization when it buys some material products from a manufacturer and resells them to a wholesaler

manufacturer role
type: Class
subclass of: agent role
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: organization
    intersection of: Restriction
      some values from: product production process
      on property: participates in
  on property: inheres in
IAO_0000412: ManufacturerRole
definition: agent role held by an organization when it produces material products

retailer role
type: Class
subclass of: agent role
IAO_0000412: RetailerRole
definition: role held by a person or business organization when it buys products (material product) from manufacturers or wholesalers and offers them for sale to customers who are the end users of the product

supplier role
type: Class
subclass of: agent role
IAO_0000412: SupplierRole
definition: agent role held by a person or organization when it offers to sell or provide products or services

service provider role
type: Class
subclass of: supplier role
IAO_0000412: ServiceProviderRole
definition: supplier role held by a person or organization when it offers to sell or provide a commercial service

logistics service provider role
type: Class
subclass of: service provider role
IAO_0000412: LogisticsServiceProviderRole
definition: service provider role that is held by a business organization or person when it provides a logistics service

manufacturing service provider role
type: Class
subclass of: service provider role
IAO_0000412: ManufacturingServiceProviderRole
definition: service provider role that is held by a person or business organization when it provides a manufacturing service

freight forwarder role
type: Class
subclass of: logistics service provider role
IAO_0000412: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/FreightForwarderRole
definition: A freight forwarder, or forwarding agent, is a person or company that organizes shipments for individuals or corporations to get goods from the manufacturer or producer to a market, customer or final point of distribution.

packaging service provider role
type: Class
subclass of: logistics service provider role
IAO_0000412: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/PackagingServiceProviderRole
definition: logisitics service provider role held by a business organization or person when it provides a packaging service

storage service provider role
type: Class
subclass of: logistics service provider role
IAO_0000412: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/StorageServiceProviderRole
definition: logisitics service provider role that is held by a person or business organization when it provides a storage service

transportation service provider role
type: Class
subclass of: logistics service provider role

supply chain agent role
type: Class
subclass of: agent role
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: supply chain process
  on property: has realization
IAO_0000412: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/SupplyChainAgentRole
definition: role held by an agent that is a part of a supply chain system when it supplies material products or commercial services to other agents in the supply chain system

wholesaler role
type: Class
subclass of: agent role
IAO_0000412: WholesalerRole
definition: role held by a person or business organization when it buys some product from a distributor and resells them to retailers

cargo role
type: Class
IAO_0000412: CargoRole
definition: role held by a material entity when it is being transported or is planned to be transported by a carrier

ship from location role
type: Class
subclass of: location role
IAO_0000412: ShipFromLocationRole
definition: location role held by a geospatial site when it is the location at which some dispatch process occures

ship to location role
type: Class
subclass of: location role
IAO_0000412: ShipToLocationRole
definition: location role held by a geospatial site when it is the location at which some receiving process occures

supply chain node role
type: Class
subclass of: location role
IAO_0000412: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/SupplyChainNodeRole
definition: location role held by a geospatial site when it is the site some supply chain process

material product role
type: Class
IAO_0000412: MaterialProductRole
definition: role held by a material entity that is intended to be sold, or has been bought, or has been supplied

raw material role
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: Class
    union of: product production process
    union of: Class
      intersection of: manufacturing process
      intersection of: Restriction
        some values from: product production process
        on property: occurrent part of
  on property: has realization
IAO_0000412: RawMaterialRole
definition: role held by a material entity when it is acquired by an organizational entity with some plan to transform or modify it into intermediate-level components or substances or into a product

lot role
type: Class
subclass of: traceable resource unit role
IAO_0000412: LotRole
definition: traceable resource unit role held by material entities that have a shared production or transformation history

shipment role
type: Class
subclass of: traceable resource unit role
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: transport process
  on property: has realization
IAO_0000412: ShipmentRole
definition: traceable resource unit role held by material entities when they undergo the same dispatch and receipt processes as prescribed by a bill of lading

load role
type: Class
subclass of: traceable resource unit role
IAO_0000412: LoadRole
definition: traceable resource unit role held by a number of material entities that have been transferred or transported together

logistic unit role
type: Class
subclass of: traceable resource unit role
IAO_0000412: LogisticUnitRole
definition: traceable resource unit role held by a number of material entities that are packaged together for transport or storage

traceable resource unit role
type: Class
IAO_0000412: TraceableResourceUnitRole
definition: role held by a number of uniquely identified material entities when they participate in some supply chain processes or production processes while some agent observes them and collects information about them for future retrieval

location role
type: Class
IAO_0000412: LocationRole
definition: role held by a geospatial site when it is the location of some material entity at some time or the site of some process

ship from location
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: ship from location role
  on property: bearer of
IAO_0000412: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ShipFromLocation
definition: geospatial location at which some dispatch process occurs

ship to location
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: ship to location role
  on property: bearer of
IAO_0000412: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ShipToLocation
definition: geospatial location in which some receiving process occurs

supply chain node
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: supply chain node role
  on property: bearer of
IAO_0000412: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/SupplyChainNode
definition: geospatial location that is the site of some supply chain process

business function
type: Class
IAO_0000412: BusinessFunction
definition: function of an organization to partake in for profit activities as prescribed by the objectives specified by that organization

commercial service specification
type: Class
IAO_0000412: CommercialServiceSpecification
definition: plan specification that prescribes a commercial service

packaging plan specification
type: Class
IAO_0000412: PackagingPlanSpecification
definition: plan specification that prescribes a packaging process

shipment plan specification
type: Class
IAO_0000412: ShipmentPlanSpecification
definition: plan specification that prescribes a shipment preparation process and a transportation process

supply chain plan specification
type: Class
IAO_0000412: SupplyChainPlanSpecification
definition: plan specification that has one or more supply chain objective specifications as parts and that prescribes a supply chain process

warehousing plan specification
type: Class
IAO_0000412: WarehousingPlanSpecification
definition: plan specification that prescribes a warehousing process

airway
type: Class
IAO_0000412: Airway
definition: three-dimensional spatial region that connects one specified location (navigation point) to another at a specified altitude, along which an aircraft may be flown

seaway
type: Class
IAO_0000412: Seaway
definition: three-dimensional spatial region that connects one specified location to another on a body of water along which a watercraft may travel

shipping route
type: Class
IAO_0000412: ShippingRoute
definition: way (three-dimensional spatial region) that connects two or more supply chain nodes along which some shipment travels during a transport process

raw material
type: Class
IAO_0000412: RawMaterial
definition: material entity which has the raw material role

traceable resource unit
type: Class
IAO_0000412: TraceableResourceUnit
definition: material entity that is uniquely identified and there may be a need to retrieve information about its history, application, or location as it moves through a supply chain

maintainable material item role
type: Class
IAO_0000412: MaintainableMaterialItemRole
definition: role played by an asset (engineered system or material artifact) when there is a maintenance strategy prescribing its maintenance process

material component role
type: Class
IAO_0000412: MaterialComponentRole
definition: role held by a material entity when it is a proper part of another material entity or is planned to be a proper part of another material entity

material resource role
type: Class
IAO_0000412: MaterialResourceRole
definition: role played by a material entity that consists in it being available to a person or group of agents or engineered system

buying business process
type: Class
subclass of: business process
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Class
    union of: commercial service agreement
    union of: material product
  on property: has participant
IAO_0000412: BuyingBusinessProcess
definition: business process wherein a financial instrument is used by an agent (buyer) to acquire ownership of a product or commercial service from another agent (seller) for the buyer itself or for another agent (customer)

commercial service
type: Class
subclass of: business process
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: supplying business process
  on property: has occurrent part
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: service provider
  on property: has participant
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: commercial service agreement
  on property: is subject of
IAO_0000412: CommercialService
definition: business process that consists of a service provisioning process and a consumption process

logistics service
type: Class
subclass of: commercial service
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Class
    union of: manufacturing service
    union of: packaging process
    union of: transport process
  on property: has occurrent part
IAO_0000412: LogisticsService
definition: commercial service that consists of at least one transport process, packaging process, freight forwarding, or storage process

freight forwarding service
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: logistics service
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: freight forwarding process
    on property: has occurrent part
IAO_0000412: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/FreightForwardingService
definition: logistics service that consists of at least one freight forwarding process

packaging service
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: logistics service
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: packaging process
    on property: has occurrent part
IAO_0000412: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/PackagingService
definition: logistics service that consists of at lest one packaging process

storage service
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: logistics service
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: storage process
    on property: has occurrent part
IAO_0000412: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/StorageService
definition: logistics service that consists of at least one storage process

transportation service
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: logistics service
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: transport process
    on property: has occurrent part
IAO_0000412: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/TransportationService
definition: business process that results in placing a material entity in the possession of some agent without changing the ownership until the material entity is sold
definition: logistics service that consists of at least one transport process

manufacturing service
type: Class
subclass of: commercial service
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: manufacturing process
  on property: has occurrent part
IAO_0000412: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ManufacturingService
definition: commercial service that consists of at least one manufacturing process

inventory management process
type: Class
subclass of: business process
IAO_0000412: InventoryManagementProcess
definition: business process that consists of the activities required for controlling, tracking, recording, and planning inventories

logistics process
type: Class
subclass of: business process
IAO_0000412: LogisticsProcess
definition: business process that consists of a combination of one or more transport, shipment preparation, storage or receiving processes

packaging process
type: Class
subclass of: business process
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: material product
  on property: has participant
IAO_0000412: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/PackagingProcess
definition: business process of putting some products or some portion of material into a package according to a packaging plan specification

procuring business process
type: Class
subclass of: business process
IAO_0000412: ProcuringBusinessProcess
definition: business process that consists of buying and ensuring the supply of products or services

product production process
type: Class
subclass of: business process
IAO_0000412: ProductProductionProcess
definition: business process that consists of at least one manufacturing process through which raw materials and components are transformed or modified to create a material product

receiving process
type: Class
subclass of: business process
IAO_0000412: ReceivingProcess
definition: planned process in which an agent receives some material entity from another agent

supply chain process
type: Class
subclass of: business process
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: supply chain agent
  on property: has participant
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: supply chain plan specification
    intersection of: Restriction
      some values from: supply chain agent
      on property: RO_0002502
  on property: concretizes
IAO_0000412: SupplyChainProcess
definition: planned process in which a supply chain plan specification is realized by a number of supply chain agents

selling business process
type: Class
subclass of: business process
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: supplier
  on property: has participant
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Class
    union of: commercial service agreement
    union of: material product
  on property: has participant
IAO_0000412: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/core/Core/SellingBusinessProcess
definition: business process wherein a product or commercial service is offered by an agent (seller) for another agent (buyer) to acquire ownership via a financial instrument

shipment preparation process
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: business process
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: shipper
    on property: has participant
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: material product
    on property: has participant
  intersection of: Restriction
    some values from: shipment
    on property: has output
IAO_0000412: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/ShipmentPreparationProcess
definition: business process in which some material entities are prepared to be transported together to a receiver’s location

supplying business process
type: Class
subclass of: business process
subclass of: Class
  union of: Restriction
    some values from: commercial service
    on property: occurrent part of
  union of: Restriction
    some values from: material product
    on property: has participant
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: supplier
  on property: has participant
IAO_0000412: SupplyingBusinessProcess
definition: business process wherein a product or service is supplied

warehousing process
type: Class
subclass of: business process
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: storage facility
  on property: occurs in
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: storage process
  on property: has occurrent part
IAO_0000412: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/supplychain/SupplyChain/WarehousingProcess
definition: business process of storing products (material products) in a storage facility for future use

business process
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: agent
    intersection of: Restriction
      some values from: business organization
      on property: acts on behalf of
  on property: has participant
IAO_0000412: BusinessProcess
definition: planned process which is prescribed by a plan specification with one or more objectives specified by a business organization

manufacturing process
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: agent
  on property: has participant
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Class
    union of: material component
    union of: material product
    union of: material resource
  on property: has output
IAO_0000412: ManufacturingProcess
definition: planned process that consists of a structured set of operations through which input material is transformed or modified

assembly process
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: material component
  on property: has input
IAO_0000412: AssemblyProcess
definition: manufacturing process in which a number of material components are physically connected to each other to form an assembly

measurement process
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: agent
  on property: has participant
IAO_0000412: MeasurementProcess
definition: planned process to determine the value of an attribute (specifically dependent continuant or temporal region or process characteristic) of an entity of interest

appraisal process
type: Class
subclass of: measurement process
IAO_0000412: AppraisalProcess
definition: measurement process that involves evaluating, assessing, estimating, or judging the nature, value, importance, condition, or quality of some entity

material location change process
type: Class
IAO_0000412: MaterialLocationChangeProcess
definition: planned process that results in a material entity moving from one physical location to another

arrival process
type: Class
subclass of: material location change process
IAO_0000412: ArrivalProcess
definition: material location change process that consists of the participating entity reaching its destination such that the travel or transport process which it is a part of is completed

departure process
type: Class
subclass of: material location change process
IAO_0000412: DepartureProcess
definition: material location change process that consists of the participating entity leaving its starting location such that the travel or transport process it is a part of is initiated

transport process
type: Class
subclass of: material location change process
IAO_0000412: TransportProcess
definition: material location change process involving the movement of material entities by some piece of transport equipment

storage process
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: agent
  on property: has participant
IAO_0000412: StorageProcess
definition: planned process of putting and keeping material entities in a specified location for future use

travel process
type: Class
subclass of: material location change process
IAO_0000412: TravelProcess
definition: material location change process wherein one or more persons move between geographical locations