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Tensile Test Ontology (TTO)

Release 2023-07-14

Revision:
2.0.1
Authors:
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7192-7143
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3717-7104
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7094-5371
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9014-2920
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4971-3645
Imported Ontologies:
prov-o#
prov-o-inverses#
co
Download serialization:
JSON-LD RDF/XML N-Triples TTL
License:
http://insertlicenseURIhere.org
Visualization:
Visualize with WebVowl
Cite as:
Markus Schilling, Bernd Bayerlein, Henk Birkholz, Philipp von Hartrott, Jörg Waitelonis. (July 14th, 2023) TTO: Tensile Test Ontology. Version 2.0.0, https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
Provenance of this page
Ontology Specification Draft

Abstract

This is the stable version of the PMD ontology of the tensile test (Tensile Test Ontology - TTO) as developed on the basis of the standard ISO 6892-1: Metallic materials - Tensile Testing - Part 1: Method of test at room temperature. The TTO was developed in the frame of the PMD project. The TTO provides conceptualizations valid for the description of tensile tests and corresponding data in accordance with the respective standard. By using TTO for storing tensile test data, all data will be well structured and based on a common vocabulary agreed on by an expert group (generation of FAIR data) which will lead to enhanced data interoperability. This comprises several data categories such as primary data, secondary data and metadata. Data will be human and machine readable. The usage of TTO facilitates data retrieval and downstream usage. Due to a close connection to the PMD core ontology (PMDco), the interoperability of tensile test data is enhanced and querying in combination with other aspects and data within the broad field of material science and engineering (MSE) is facilitated. The TTO class structure forms a comprehensible and semantic layer for unified storage of data generated in a tensile test including the possibility to record data from analysis, re-evaluation and re-use. Furthermore, extensive metadata allows to assess data quality and reproduce experiments. Following the open world assumption, object properties are deliberately low restrictive and sparse. TTO of PMD at GitHub: https://github.com/materialdigital/application-ontologies/tree/main/tensile_test_ontology_TTO

Tensile Test Ontology (TTO): Overview back to ToC

This ontology has the following classes and properties.

Classes

Object Properties

Annotation Properties

Cross-reference for Tensile Test Ontology (TTO) classes, object properties and data properties back to ToC

This section provides details for each class and property defined by Tensile Test Ontology (TTO).

Classes

Change Of Transverse Dimensionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/tto/ChangeOfTransverseDimension

This value object describes a variation in the dimension of a test piece referring to its transversal axis affecting its cross-sectional area that may potentially occur during a tensile test. The ratio of the true plastic strain in width and the true plastic strain in thickness in a test piece loaded in uniaxial tension (vertical anisotropy) may be calculated using this information.
Is defined by
https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
has super-classes
length c

Crosshead Separationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/tto/CrossheadSeparation

Dimensional analysis: L Unit (e.g. SI): mm
Is defined by
https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
has super-classes
value object c

Crosshead Separation Ratec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/tto/CrossheadSeparationRate

Symbol: v_c
Is defined by
https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
has super-classes
testing rate c

Diameter After Fracturec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/tto/DiameterAfterFracture

The length of a straight line through the center of an object (tensile test piece) as measured after a fracture occured during a test.
Is defined by
https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
has super-classes
diameter c

Elongationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/tto/Elongation

increase in the original gauge length at any moment during the test
Is defined by
https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
is equivalent to
relates to op some Original Gauge Length c
has super-classes
value object c
has sub-classes
Percentage Elongation c, Percentage Elongation After Fracture c, Percentage Permanent Elongation c

Estimated Strain Rate Over The Parallel Lengthc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/tto/EstimatedStrainRateOverTheParallelLength

Symbol: e^._L_c
Is defined by
https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
has super-classes
testing rate c

Extensometer Gauge Lengthc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/tto/ExtensometerGaugeLength

Symbol: L_e
Is defined by
https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
has super-classes
Gauge Length c

Final Gauge Length After Fracturec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/tto/FinalGaugeLengthAfterFracture

length between gauge length marks on the test piece measured after rupture, at room temperature, the two pieces having been carefully fitted back together so that their axes lie in a straight line
Is defined by
https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
has super-classes
Gauge Length c

Gauge Lengthc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/tto/GaugeLength

Symbol: L
Is defined by
https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
has super-classes
length c
has sub-classes
Extensometer Gauge Length c, Final Gauge Length After Fracture c, Original Gauge Length c

Geometry Shapec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/tto/GeometryShape

This property describes the geometric dimensions and appearance (shape and dimensions) of a sample, specimen, or test piece as usually defined by a corresponding standard. Accordingly, the shape value given is in accordance with the defining standard, e.g., ‘tensile test piece shape 1 in accordance with annex B’.
Is defined by
https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
has super-classes
test piece info c

Lower Yield Strengthc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/tto/LowerYieldStrength

Symbol: R_eL
Is defined by
https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
is equivalent to
relates to op some stress c
has super-classes
Yield Strength c

Maximum Forcec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/tto/MaximumForce

For materials displaying no discontinuous yielding: highest force that the test piece withstands during the test For materials displaying discontinuous yielding: highest force that the test piece withstands during the test after the beginning of work-hardening Note: For materials which display discontinuous yielding, but where no work-hardening can be established, the maximum force is not defined.
Is defined by
https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
has super-classes
force c

Minimum cross-sectional area after fracturec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/tto/MinimumCrossSectionalAreaAfterFracture

Symbol: S_u
This concept describes the smallest cross-sectional area of the tensile test piece observed after it has fractured under the applied tensile force. Note: It is typically measured perpendicular to the direction of the applied force and is used to calculate engineering stress during the test. Note: It is recommended to measure the original cross-sectional area of the parallel length to an accuracy of ±2 %. However, measuring the original cross-sectional area of the parallel length with an accuracy of ±2 % on small diameter round test pieces, or test pieces with other cross-sectional geometries, may not be possible.
Is defined by
https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
is equivalent to
((relates to op some Thickness After Fracture c) and (relates to op some Width After Fracture c)) or (relates to op some Diameter After Fracture c)
has super-classes
cross section area

Original cross-sectional area of the parallel lengthc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/tto/OriginalCrossSectionalArea

Symbol: S_o
This concept describes the initial area of the tensile test piece before any deformation occurs.
Is defined by
https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
is equivalent to
((relates to op some Original Thickness c) and (relates to op some Original Width c)) or (relates to op some Original Diameter c)
has super-classes
cross section area

Original Diameterc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/tto/OriginalDiameter

The length of a straight line through the center of an object (tensile test piece) as measured prior to a tensile test.
Is defined by
https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
has super-classes
diameter c

Original Gauge Lengthc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/tto/OriginalGaugeLength

Symbol: L_o
Is defined by
https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
has super-classes
Gauge Length c

Original Thicknessc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/tto/OriginalThickness

This entity describes the measured dimension in one direction of a test piece, as measured before the test.
Is defined by
https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
has super-classes
thickness c

Original Widthc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/tto/OriginalWidth

This entity describes a horizontal measurement of an object (test piece) taken at right angles to the length of the object (test piece), as measured before a test.
Is defined by
https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
has super-classes
width c

Parallel Lengthc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/tto/ParallelLength

Symbol: L_c
Is defined by
https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
has super-classes
length c

Percentage Elongationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/tto/PercentageElongation

elongation expressed as a percentage of the original gauge length
Is defined by
https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
is equivalent to
relates to op some Original Gauge Length c
has super-classes
Elongation c

Percentage Elongation After Fracturec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/tto/PercentageElongationAfterFracture

Symbol: A
Is defined by
https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
is equivalent to
relates to op some Original Gauge Length c
has super-classes
Elongation c

percentage extensionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PercentageExtension

is equivalent to
relates to op some Extensometer Gauge Length c
is in range of
relates to extension op

Percentage Permanent Elongationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/tto/PercentagePermanentElongation

increase in the original gauge length of a test piece after removal of a specified stress, expressed as a percentage of the original gauge length
Is defined by
https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
is equivalent to
relates to op some Original Gauge Length c
has super-classes
Elongation c

Percentage Permanent Extensionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/tto/PercentagePermanentExtension

increase in the extensometer gauge length, after removal of a specified stress from the test piece, expressed as a percentage of the extensometer gauge length
Is defined by
https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
is equivalent to
relates to op some Extensometer Gauge Length c
has super-classes
extension c

Percentage Plastic Extension At Maximum Forcec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/tto/PercentagePlasticExtensionAtMaximumForce

Symbol: A_g
Is defined by
https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
is equivalent to
(relates to op some Extensometer Gauge Length c) and (relates to op some Maximum Force c)
has super-classes
extension c

Percentage Reduction Of Areac back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/tto/PercentageReductionOfArea

maximum change in cross-sectional area which has occurred during the test (S_o − S_u), expressed as a percentage of the original cross-sectional area, S_o
Is defined by
https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
is equivalent to
(relates to op some Minimum cross-sectional area after fracture c) and (relates to op some Original cross-sectional area of the parallel length c)
has super-classes
value object c

Percentage Total Extension At Fracturec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/tto/PercentageTotalExtensionAtFracture

Symbol: A_t
Is defined by
https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
is equivalent to
relates to op some Extensometer Gauge Length c
has super-classes
extension c

Percentage Total Extension At Maximum Forcec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/tto/PercentageTotalExtensionAtMaximumForce

Symbol: A_gt
Is defined by
https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
is equivalent to
(relates to op some Extensometer Gauge Length c) and (relates to op some Maximum Force c)
has super-classes
extension c

Percentage Yield Point Extensionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/tto/PercentageYieldPointExtension

For discontinuous yielding materials: extension between the start of yielding and the start of uniform work-hardening, expressed as a percentage of the extensometer gauge length
Is defined by
https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
has super-classes
extension c

Proof Strengthc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/tto/ProofStrength

stress at which the a specific extension value is equal to a specified percentage of the extensometer gauge length
Is defined by
https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
has super-classes
value object c
has sub-classes
Proof Strength Plastic Extension c, Proof Strength Total Extension c

Proof Strength Plastic Extensionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/tto/ProofStrengthPlasticExtension

Symbol: R_p
Is defined by
https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
is equivalent to
relates to extension op some value some float
has super-classes
Proof Strength c
has sub-classes
Proof Strength Plastic Extension Rp01 c, Proof Strength Plastic Extension Rp02 c
is in domain of
relates to extension op

Proof Strength Plastic Extension Rp01c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/tto/Rp01

Symbol: R_p_0.1
Is defined by
https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
is equivalent to
relates to extension op some value value 0.1
has super-classes
Proof Strength Plastic Extension c

Proof Strength Plastic Extension Rp02c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/tto/Rp02

Symbol: R_p_0.2
Is defined by
https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
is equivalent to
relates to extension op some value value 0.2
has super-classes
Proof Strength Plastic Extension c

Proof Strength Total Extensionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/tto/ProofStrengthTotalExtension

Symbol: R_t
Is defined by
https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
is equivalent to
relates to op some Extensometer Gauge Length c
has super-classes
Proof Strength c

Slope Of The Elastic Partc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/tto/SlopeOfTheElasticPart

This property describes the value of the slope of the first linear increasing part (‘elastic part’) in the stress-percentage extension curve obtained during a tensile test. In the elastic part of the stress‐percentage extension curve, the value of the slope may not necessarily represent the modulus of elasticity. This value may closely agree with the value of the modulus of elasticity if optimal conditions were used.
Is defined by
https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
has super-classes
value object c

Strain Ratec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/tto/StrainRate

Symbol: e^._L_e
Is defined by
https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
has super-classes
testing rate c

Stress Ratec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/tto/StressRate

Symbol: R
Is defined by
https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
has super-classes
testing rate c

Tensile Strengthc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/tto/TensileStrength

Symbol: R_m
Is defined by
https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
is equivalent to
(relates to op some stress c) and (relates to op some Maximum Force c)
has super-classes
value object c

Tensile Testc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/tto/TensileTest

Tensile tests (tension tests) on materials provide information on their strength, ductility as well as other characteristic values under uniaxial tensile stress. The tensile test involves straining a test piece by tensile force, generally to fracture, for the determination of one or more mechanical properties specified by the semantically related and defined terms.
Is defined by
https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
is equivalent to
participant op exactly 1 test piece c
participant op exactly 1 Tensile Testing Machine c
has super-classes
mechanical testing process c

Tensile Test Nodec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/tto/TensileTestNode

This entity describes a workflow constituent that hosts tools and equipment that is used for the performance of a tensile test, e.g., a tensile test machine.
Is defined by
https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
has super-classes
processing node c
has sub-classes
Tensile Testing Machine c

Tensile Testing Machinec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/tto/TensileTestingMachine

machine to conduct a tensile test; the control and monitoring of the test, the measurements, and the data processing are usually undertaken by computer
Is defined by
https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
has super-classes
Tensile Test Node c, testing machine c

Thickness After Fracturec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/tto/ThicknessAfterFracture

This entity describes the measured dimension in one direction of a test piece, as measured after the test.
Is defined by
https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
has super-classes
thickness c

Transition Pointc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/tto/TransitionPoint

This entity describes a single point at which a transition from one condition or state to another occurs, e.g. the point at which different phases of matter are capable of existing together in equilibrium (also called inversion point) or if process parameters are changed that will lead to a transition of the process during its execution.
Is defined by
https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
has super-classes
value object c
has sub-classes
Transition Point Testing Rate c

Transition Point Testing Ratec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/tto/TransitionPointTestingRate

This entity describes the the transition point of the testing rate during an analysis / test process, e.g. the point referring to the strain or the stress at which the testing rate is changed during a tensile test. Typically, this transition point is associated with a removal of the extensometer from the test piece during a strain-controlled tensile test.
Is defined by
https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
is equivalent to
relates to op some testing rate c
has super-classes
Transition Point c

Type Gauge Length Marksc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/tto/TypeGaugeLengthMarks

This property is used to describe the visible markers usually attached to test pieces during a tensile test for elongation / extension measurements.
Is defined by
https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
has super-classes
test piece info c

Upper Yield Strengthc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/tto/UpperYieldStrength

Symbol: R_eH
Is defined by
https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
is equivalent to
relates to op some stress c
has super-classes
Yield Strength c

Width After Fracturec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/tto/WidthAfterFracture

This entity describes a horizontal measurement of an object (test piece) taken at right angles to the length of the object (test piece), as measured after a test.
Is defined by
https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
has super-classes
width c

Yield Strengthc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/tto/YieldStrength

when the metallic material exhibits a yield phenomenon, stress corresponding to the point reached during the test at which plastic deformation occurs without any increase in the force
Is defined by
https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
is equivalent to
relates to op some stress c
has super-classes
value object c
has sub-classes
Lower Yield Strength c, Upper Yield Strength c

Object Properties

relates to extensionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/tto/relatesToExtension

Is defined by
https://w3id.org/pmd/tto
has super-properties
relates to op
has domain
Proof Strength Plastic Extension c
has range
percentage extension c

Annotation Properties

definition sourceap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/definitionSource

symbolap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/symbol

Legend back to ToC

c: Classes
op: Object Properties

Acknowledgments back to ToC

The authors would like to thank Silvio Peroni for developing LODE, a Live OWL Documentation Environment, which is used for representing the Cross Referencing Section of this document and Daniel Garijo for developing Widoco, the program used to create the template used in this documentation.