PMD Core Ontology
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PMD Core Ontology

Release: 2026-03-04

This version:
https://w3id.org/pmd/co/3.0.0
Previous version:
https://w3id.org/pmd/co/3.0.0-rc2
Revision:
3.0.0
Authors:
Martin Glauer
Jörg Waitelonis
Fabian Neuhaus
Hossein Beygi Nasrabadi
Bernd Bayerlein
Markus Schilling
Lars Vogt
Henk Birkholz
Simon Stier
Thomas Hanke
Kostiantyn Hubaiev
Philipp von Hartrott
Felix Thonagel
Jannis Grundmann
Kamilla Zaripova
Khashayar Razghandi
Download serialization:
JSON-LD RDF/XML N-Triples TTL
License:
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Visualization:
Visualize with WebVowl
Cite as:
PMDco: Platform Material Digital Ontology. Version 3.0.0, https://w3id.org/pmd/co/
Vocabulary maintained at:
https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology
Provenance of this page
Ontology Specification Draft

PMD Core Ontology: Overview back to ToC

This ontology has the following classes and properties.

Classes

Object Properties

Data Properties

Annotation Properties

Named Individuals

SWRL Rules

PMD Core Ontology: Description back to ToC

The Platform MaterialDigital Core Ontology (PMDco) is a mid-level semantic framework for Materials Science and Engineering (MSE). Aligning with the ISO/IEC 21838-2:2021 standard, PMDco constructed on basis of Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) and reuses several BFO-aligned ontologies like RO, IAO, and OBI. The scope of PMDco follows the fundamental paradigm of MSE (processing, structure, and properties) and encompasses the following domains: (*) Processes: Representation of MSE-related process chains, including materials manufacturing, characterization, and simulation processes. (*) Structure/state: Description of substances, engineered materials, and specification of materials, their composition, and multiscale structural features. (*) Properties: Specification of material properties and qualities, representing processing-structure-properties dependences. PMDco also provides general entities required for representing the fundamental MSE topics (e.g., thermodynamics), as well as general semantics for entities commonly required across MSE disciplines (such as devices, roles, functions, and plans). PMDco at GitHub: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology Documentation: https://materialdigital.github.io/core-ontology/docs/

Cross-reference for PMD Core Ontology classes, object properties and data properties back to ToC

This section provides details for each class and property defined by PMD Core Ontology.

Classes

1Dc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000501

1D is a data item representing a one-dimensional structure or model representing a single linear dimension, often used in material science simulations or analysis.
has super-classes
data item c
has sub-classes
spectrum c, time series c

2Dc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000502

A two-dimensional data item is a representation or analysis, commonly applied in studying planar material properties or surface phenomena.
has super-classes
data item c
has sub-classes
map c

3Dc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0025005

A three-dimensional data item is a representation or analysis, commonly applied in studying material properties in its volume or describing a dependency of one variable on two other variables.
Example 
Orientation distribution function (ODF), potential energy landscape
has super-classes
data item c

3d printerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000991

A 3D Printer is an additive manufacturing device that creates three-dimensional objects by building them layer by layer from a digital model.
has super-classes
additive manufacturing device c

45S5 bioglassc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050145

silicate-based bioactive glass with a specific composition known for its ability to bond with bone
has super-classes
silicate-based bioactive glass c

ab initio molecular dynamics simulationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000504

A simulation process that uses quantum mechanical calculations to predict the behavior of molecular systems without empirical parameters.
Example 
Simulating the electronic structure and dynamics of a new alloy to predict its mechanical properties.
has super-classes
simulation process c

absorption of corpuscular radiationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000586

process of taking up corpuscular radiation by a material entity
has super-classes
absorption of radiation c

absorption of radiationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000802

process of taking up radiation by a material entity
has super-classes
process c
has sub-classes
absorption of corpuscular radiation c, absorption of wave radiation c

absorption of wave radiationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0001008

process of taking up elctromagnetic radiation by a material entity
has super-classes
absorption of radiation c

acoustic absorption coefficientc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000505

The acoustic absorption coefficient is an acoustic property representing a measure of how much sound energy is absorbed by a material per unit area.
has super-classes
acoustic property c

acoustic propertyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000506

An acoustic property is a material property representing characteristics of a material that determine its interaction with sound waves, such as absorption, reflection, and transmission.
has super-classes
material property c
has sub-classes
acoustic absorption coefficient c, speed of sound c

acoustic wavec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000517

a mechanical wave of pressure disturbances that propagates through a medium by local compression and rarefaction
has super-classes
wave c

acoustical property analyzing processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000507

An assay, that measures the acoustic properties of materials by analyzing how sound waves interact with the material. This process involves generating sound waves and observing their reflection, transmission, absorption, or scattering to determine properties such as acoustic impedance, absorption coefficient, and sound speed.
Example 
For example, acoustic emission testing (AET) is used to monitor the release of energy from a material under stress, which can indicate the onset of failure or the presence of defects.
has super-classes
assay c

actinium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33337

has super-classes
metal atom c

action specificationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000007

A directive information entity that describes an action the bearer will take.
Source
OBI Plan and Planned Process branch
Example 
Pour the contents of flask 1 into flask 2
has super-classes
directive information entity c

activation energyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020162

Activation energy (E_a) a process attribute characterizing the minimum amount of energy required to initiate a reaction, allowing educts to overcome an energy barrier to transform into products.
has super-classes
process attribute c

activity (thermodynamic)c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020161

Thermodynamic activity is a relational quality that inheres between a chemical species and a non-ideal solution and represents the effective concentration of the species accounting for particle interactions.
Source
old defintion: Activity (a_X) is a relational property between a chemical species X and a non-ideal solution. a_X is a measure of the effective concentration of a chemical species X in the non-ideal solution, accounting for interactions between particles. It is defined as the product of the concentration and an activity coefficient, where the activity coefficient corrects for non-ideal behavior.
has super-classes
relational quality c
is disjoint with
chemical potential c, electric potential c, size c, mass c, energy c, shape c

additive manufacturing devicec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000508

A device used for manufacturing objects layer by layer through additive processes such as 3D printing.
has super-classes
device c
has sub-classes
3d printer c

adhesion testing processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000509

A mechanical property analyzing process that measures the strength of adhesion between two bonded surfaces, assessing the quality of adhesive joints.
Example 
Adhesion testing of epoxy bonds in composite materials to ensure structural integrity in aircraft components.
has super-classes
mechanical property analyzing process c

adjustment device rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000510

A device role that is used to adjust another device (SubjectOfAdjustmentRole). The role is realized in an adjustment process.
Example 
A screwdriver used to adjust a grub screw.
has super-classes
device role c

aerosolc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020115

An aerosol is a disconnected material entity aggregate which: 1. consists of some portion of matter whose aggregate state quality concretizes gaseous and 2. consists of some portion of matter whose aggregate state quality concretises solid or liquid (TODO: express that this portion is also a disconnected material entity aggregate)
has super-classes
disconnected material entity aggregate c

aggregate statec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000512

an intensive quality representing the physical state of a material, such as solid, liquid, or gasous
is equivalent to
specified by value op exactly 1 aggregate state value c
has super-classes
intensive quality c
is disjoint with
ASTM grainsize c, crystal structure c, defect density c, density c, crystallographic texture c, pressure c, specific surface area c, temperature c, porosity c, grain size distribution c, composition c, metallic grain structure c

aggregate state valuec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020116

The aggregate state value is a categorical value specification that specifies value of the aggregate state quality.
is equivalent to
{ aggregate state solid ni , aggregate state liquid ni , aggregate state gaseous ni , aggregate state plasma ni , aggregate state atom gas ni , aggregate state supercritical fluid ni , aggregate state mesomorphic ni , aggregate state suprafluid ni , aggregate state suprasolid ni }
has super-classes
categorical value specification c

aging processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000513

The process of hardening an alloy by a method that causes a constituent to precipitate from solid solution.
Example 
The Process of austenitizing and quenching a steel alloy to achieve a martensitic microstructure for hardness increase.
has super-classes
process c

allotropy of an elemental crystalc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020211

a disposition of an elemental crystal to change its crystal structure
has super-classes
polymorphism of crystal c

alloyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0025004

metal that has part a mixture of chemical elements of which at least one is a metallic element
is equivalent to
metal c and (has part op some alloy crystal c)
has super-classes
metal c
has sub-classes
aluminium alloy c, copper alloy c, nickel alloy c, titanium alloy c, zinc alloy c

alloy crystalc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020250

a crystal whose atomic entities have a metallic bond
has super-classes
crystal c

alloy steelc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0010005

steel that is alloyed with a variety of elements in amounts between 1.0% and 50% by weight, typically to improve its mechanical properties
has super-classes
steel c

alumina ceramicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050056

oxide ceramic consisting primarily of aluminium oxide
has super-classes
oxide ceramic c

alumina matrix compositec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050076

oxide-oxide composite that uses alumina as the primary matrix reinforced by secondary oxide phases
has super-classes
oxide-oxide composite c

aluminium alloyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020186

non-ferrous metal consisting primarily of aluminium mixed with other elements
has super-classes
alloy c, non-ferrous metal c

aluminium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28984

has super-classes
metal atom c

aluminium oxidec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30187

has super-classes
molecular entity c

aluminosilicate ceramicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050046

silicate ceramics that consist of aluminum and silicon oxides
has super-classes
silicate ceramic c
has sub-classes
kaolinite ceramic c, mullite ceramic c

aluminosilicate glassc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050108

silicate glass in which SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ are key structural units
has super-classes
silicate glass c
has sub-classes
aluminosilicate gorilla glass c, high-temperature resistant glass c

aluminosilicate gorilla glassc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050125

glass that is chemically strengthened
has super-classes
aluminosilicate glass c, toughened (tempered) glass c

aluminum matrix compositec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0090004

metal matrix composite, consisting of an aluminum or aluminum alloy matrix and one or more reinforcement materials
has super-classes
metal matrix composite c

aluminum nitride ceramicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050069

nitride ceramic that is a non-oxide ceramic composed of aluminum and nitrogen, prized for its high thermal conductivity
has super-classes
nitride ceramic c

americium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33389

has super-classes
metal atom c

amorphous metal glassc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050149

glass that is characterized by a disordered, non-crystalline atomic structure, resembling a frozen liquid
has super-classes
glass c
has sub-classes
iron-based metallic glass c, magnesium-based metallic glass c, zirconium-based metallic glass c

amorphous polyethylene terephthalatec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050020

polyethylene terephthalate that is characterized by a non-crystalline structure
has super-classes
polyethylene terephthalate c

amount of substancec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020207

Amount of substance n is a molar proportion when the whole is an object aggregate N, which has avogadro number objects (of same type) as parts (n = N/N_A).
has super-classes
molar proportion c

analytical calculationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0025012

Analytical calculation is a computing process which has value specification or measurement datum as a specified output. It applies a closed-form mathematical expression or formula to a set it specified inputs (value specifications) without requiring stochastic sampling, iterative numerical solving, or data-driven training.
has super-classes
computing process c

anglec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0001035

A property that represents the measure of rotation or inclination between two intersecting lines or planes, independent of the size of the object.
has super-classes
geometric relational quality c
has sub-classes
angle of misalignment (crystallography) c

angle of misalignment (crystallography)c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020241

smallest rotation angle needed to rotate one crystal orientation to coincide with the neighboring orientation
has super-classes
angle c

antimony atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30513

has super-classes
metalloid atom c

aramid fiber compositec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0090010

polymer matrix composite, consisting of a polymer matrix reinforced with aramid (aromatic polyamide) fibers
has super-classes
polymer matrix composite c

argon atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49475

has super-classes
molecular entity c, nonmetal atom c

arsenic atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27563

has super-classes
metalloid atom c

assayc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000070

A planned process that has the objective to produce information about a material entity (the evaluant) by examining it.
Source
OBI branch derived
Example 
Assay the wavelength of light emitted by excited Neon atoms. Count of geese flying over a house.
has super-classes
completely executed planned process c
has sub-classes
acoustical property analyzing process c, biological property analyzing process c, chemical property analyzing process c, electrical property analyzing process c, magneto electrical property analyzing process c, mechanical property analyzing process c, microscopy process c, optical property analyzing process c, structural property analyzing process c, thermal property analyzing process c

assembling processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000524

An assembling process is a manufacturing process that mounts or demounts components.
has super-classes
manufacturing process c

astatine atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30415

has super-classes
nonmetal atom c

ASTM grainsizec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000503

The ASTM grain size is a quality that is measured through a process that follows the ASTM standard.
has super-classes
grain size c
is disjoint with
aggregate state c, crystal structure c, defect density c, density c, crystallographic texture c, pressure c, specific surface area c, temperature c, porosity c, grain size distribution c, composition c, metallic grain structure c

atactic polypropylenec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050012

polypropylene in which the methyl groups are randomly distributed along the polymer chain
has super-classes
polypropylene c

atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250

A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element.
has super-classes
chemical entity c
has sub-classes
chalcogen c, metal atom c, metalloid atom c, nonmetal atom c

atomic force microscopec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000525

A microscope that maps the surface topography of materials at the nanoscale by scanning it with a mechanical probe.
has super-classes
microscope c

atomic structurec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000526

The atomic structure is an object aggregate that describes the arrangement and composition of atoms in a material, influencing its physical and chemical properties.
has super-classes
object aggregate c

atomistic monte carlo simulationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000527

A monte carlo simulation process that focuses on the atomic scale, where the properties and behaviors of materials are modeled by considering individual atoms and their interactions.
Example 
Simulating the behavior of electrons in a new alloy to predict its electrical conductivity.
has super-classes
monte carlo simulation c

band gapc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0090002

A bandgap is an energy range between the valence band and the conduction band in a solid where no electronic states exist.
Example 
Silicon has a band gap of 1.107 eV at room temperature.
has super-classes
energy c

bandsawc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000528

A band saw is a type of saw that uses a continuous, endless saw blade in the form of a band. This blade is usually a narrow, flexible steel blade with teeth along one edge. The band saw is mounted in a closed loop and is guided by two wheels, at least one of which is driven. The operation of the band saw enables precise and efficient cuts to be made in a variety of materials, including wood, metal and plastic.
has super-classes
saw c

barc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020177

A bar is a long object with rectangular section that may bear a semi finished product role. At the same time it may be a material.
has super-classes
object c
is disjoint with
fluid (object) c, ingot c, sheet c, billet c, foil c, coil (coiled sheet) c, plate c, rod c, wire (semi finished product) c, tube c, pipe c, profile (semi finished product) c

barium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_32594

has super-classes
metal atom c

barium glassc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050111

Barium glass is a form of lead glass that is modified with barium oxide to alter its optical properties
has super-classes
lead glass c

barium titanate ceramicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050083

oxide ceramic that is dielectric and composed of barium, titanium, and oxygen, noted for its ferroelectric properties
has super-classes
dielectric ceramic c, oxide ceramic c

bending testing machinec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000529

A device used to test the bending strength and flexibility of materials by applying a load and measuring deformation.
has super-classes
device c

bending testing processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000530

A mechanical property analyzing process that measures the resistance of a material to bending forces, determining its flexural strength and stiffness.
Example 
Testing the flexural strength of a plastic beam to ensure it can withstand the required load in an engineering application.
has super-classes
mechanical property analyzing process c

berkelium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33391

has super-classes
metal atom c

beryllia ceramicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050061

oxide ceramic that is an advanced ceramic composed of beryllium oxide, valued for its high thermal conductivity and electrical insulation
has super-classes
oxide ceramic c

beryllium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30501

Alkaline earth metal atom with atomic number 4.
has super-classes
metal atom c

billetc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020173

A billet is a relatively compact object that may bear a semi finished product role. At the same time it is a material.
has super-classes
object c
is disjoint with
fluid (object) c, ingot c, sheet c, foil c, coil (coiled sheet) c, plate c, bar c, rod c, wire (semi finished product) c, tube c, pipe c, profile (semi finished product) c

bio-based chemicalc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0090019

bio-based material used in chemical reactions as a reactant
Example 
such as bio-based adhesives (e.g. Lignin-based); Bio-epoxy resin.
has super-classes
bio-based material c

bio-based compositec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0090018

composite consisting of at least one constituent derived from biological or bio-based sources
Example 
such as Wood-Plastic Composite (WPC), Hemp-fiber reinforced Polypropylene
is equivalent to
composite c and (has part op some bio-based material c)
has super-classes
composite c

bio-based materialc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0090016

material intentionally processed from materials derived from living (or once-living) organisms
Example 
Engineered Biopolymers such as Polylactic Acid (PLA);  Reconstituted Biopolymers such as Regenerated Cellulose (Rayon/Viscose); Biocomposites such as Wood-Plastic Composites (WPC);  Biochemicals (e.g. Bio-based Adhesives)
is equivalent to
material c and (output of op some manufacturing process c and (has specified input op some biological material c))
has super-classes
material c
has sub-classes
bio-based chemical c, engineered biopolymer c

bioactivec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0010023

A disposition that inheres in a material entity and is realized in an organismal context as a specific interaction with one or more biological systems, producing a measurable biological effect (e.g., therapeutic, toxic, or signaling outcome).
has super-classes
disposition c
has sub-classes
biocompatible c

bioactive ceramicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050095

ceramic that interacts with biological tissues to promote bonding or regeneration
is equivalent to
ceramic c and (has disposition op some bioactive c)
has super-classes
bioceramic c
has sub-classes
bioresorbable ceramic c, hydroxyapatite ceramic c

bioactive glassc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050143

glass that forms a biologically compatible hydroxycarbonate apatite (HCA) layer on its surface in physiological conditions
is equivalent to
glass c and (has disposition op some biocompatible c)
has super-classes
glass c
has sub-classes
borate-based bioactive glass c, phosphate-based bioactive glass c, silicate-based bioactive glass c

bioceramicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050091

ceramic that is engineered to be compatible with biological systems
is equivalent to
ceramic c and (has disposition op some bioactive c or bioinert c or bioresorbable c)
has super-classes
ceramic c
has sub-classes
bioactive ceramic c, bioinert ceramic c

biocompatibility analyzing processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000531

A biological property analyzing process that evaluates the compatibility of a material with living tissues to ensure it does not provoke an adverse biological response.
has super-classes
biological property analyzing process c

biocompatiblec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020251

bioactive without causing harmful or unacceptable biological responses (toxicity, inflammation, immune reaction) and performce of its intended function or integration with the tissue.
has super-classes
bioactive c
has sub-classes
bioresorbable c

biodegradabilityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0200001

biodegradability is a disposition of a material which specifies its capability to be fully microbially converted into inorganic end products (CO₂, CH₄, mineral salts, biomass) within an environmentally non-harmful timescale.
Source
orginal: "[biodegradability] [...] is understood as the microbial conversion of all its organic constituents to carbon dioxide (or carbon dioxide and methane in conditions where oxygen is not present), new microbial biomass and mineral salts, within a timescale short enough not to lead to lasting harm or accumulation in the open environment." European Commission: Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, Biodegradability of plastics in the open environment, Publications Office of the European Union, 2021, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2777/690248
has super-classes
disposition c

biodegradable polymersc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050036

polymeric material that possesses the disposition to undergo decomposition through the metabolic activity of biological organisms, resulting in conversion into environmentally benign substances—such as carbon dioxide, methane, mineral salts, and biomass—within a timescale that does not cause harmful accumulation in the environment
is equivalent to
polymer c and (has disposition op some biodegradability c)
has super-classes
polymer c
has sub-classes
polybutylene succinate c, polylactic acid c

biogenic mineralc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0090015

mineral that is inorganic crystalline or amorphous solid synthesized by a living organism
Example 
such as Calcium Carbonates (in shells), Calcium Phosphates (Hydroxyapatite in bone/teeth), or Silica (in diatoms)
is equivalent to
mineral c and (output of op some biological process c)
has super-classes
biological material c, mineral c

bioinertc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0010024

a disposition to elicit minimal or no biological response when in contact with tissue or implanted
Example 
non-toxic and non-immunogenic, with little or no bonding or integration with the body.
has super-classes
disposition c

bioinert ceramicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050092

ceramic that is designed to remain inert in biological environments to minimize adverse reactions
is equivalent to
ceramic c and (has disposition op some bioinert c)
has super-classes
bioceramic c

biological compositec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0090013

composite consisting of two or more distinct material phases organized in a multi-scale structure that act synergistically to fulfill specific properties or functions
Example 
 such as Wood, Bone, Silk, Wool;
is equivalent to
composite c and (output of op some biological process c)
has super-classes
composite c

biological materialc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0090012

material produced by a living organism
Example 
Biological Comosite such as Wood, Bone, Silk, Wool;  Biopolymers such as cellulose, colagene;  Biogenic minerals such as hydroxyapatite
is equivalent to
material c and (output of op some biological process c)
has super-classes
material c
has sub-classes
biogenic mineral c, biopolymer c

biological processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008150

A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence.
has super-classes
process c
is disjoint with
completely executed planned process c

biological property analyzing processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000532

An assay that examines the interaction of materials with biological systems, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, toxicity, and the effects of materials on living organisms and cells.
has super-classes
assay c
has sub-classes
biocompatibility analyzing process c

biomedical materialc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0010099

A non-living material intended to interface with biological systems to evaluate, treat, augment, or replace any tissue, organ, or function of the body.
has super-classes
material c

biopolymerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0090014

polymer produced by the metabolic processes of a living organism
Example 
such as Polysaccharides like cellulose or Chitin; Proteins like colagene or Fibroin
is equivalent to
polymer c and biological material c
has super-classes
biological material c, polymer c

bioresorbablec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0010025

biocompatibe and degrading and being resorbed by the body over time
has super-classes
biocompatible c

bioresorbable ceramicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050098

ceramic that is designed to gradually be resorbed and replaced by natural tissue
is equivalent to
ceramic c and (has disposition op some bioresorbable c)
has super-classes
bioactive ceramic c

bismuth atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33301

has super-classes
metal atom c

bismuth strontium calcium copper oxide ceramicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050090

oxide ceramic that is superconducting and composed of bismuth, strontium, calcium, copper, and oxygen, featuring a layered crystal structure
has super-classes
oxide ceramic c, superconducting ceramic c

bisphenol a epoxyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050024

epoxy resin that is formulated using bisphenol a to enhance its mechanical properties
has super-classes
epoxy resin c

blank rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000534

Role of an object, which is realized in a preparation process
Source
“Blank.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/blank. Accessed 25 Nov. 2022.
Example 
Some portion of material, which to be made into something by a further operation.
has super-classes
role c

blow moldingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0200007

A primary shaping from the plastic state process in which a tube or preform of molten or plasticised material is enclosed in a mold and expanded by internal gas pressure so that it conforms to the mold cavity, producing hollow bodies which then solidify.
Example 
Extrusion blow molding of HDPE bottles; stretch-blow molding of PET beverage containers; blow molding of fuel tanks for automotive applications.
has super-classes
primary shaping from the plastic state c

bohrium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33355

has super-classes
metal atom c

boiling pointc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000535

The boiling point is a state of matter boundary realized by transition form the liquid state to the gaseous state (or vice versa).
has super-classes
state of matter boundary c
is disjoint with
melting point c, sublimation point c, triple point c

bondc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050000

A bond is a relational quality describing the force interaction between atoms.
has super-classes
relational quality c
has sub-classes
covalent bond c, hydrogen bond c, ionic bond c, metallic bond c
is disjoint with
proportion c

borate glassc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050115

non‑silicate glass based primarily on boron oxide (B₂O₃) as the glass‑forming network
has super-classes
non-silicate glass c
has sub-classes
borate-based bioactive glass c

borate-based bioactive glassc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050148

borate glass that is formulated with borate compounds to promote biological interaction
has super-classes
bioactive glass c, borate glass c

boride ceramicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050071

non-oxide ceramic consisting of a boron and another element
has super-classes
non-oxide ceramic c
has sub-classes
titanium diboride ceramic c, zirconium diboride ceramic c

boron atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27560

has super-classes
metalloid atom c, nonmetal atom c

boron carbide ceramicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050066

carbide ceramic that is a non-oxide ceramic composed of boron and carbon, known for its remarkable hardness and low density
has super-classes
carbide ceramic c

boron nitride ceramicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050070

nitride ceramic sonsisting of boron nitride
has super-classes
nitride ceramic c

borosilicate glassc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050106

silicate glass that uses boron trioxide (B₂O₃) as a major additional glass‑forming constituent
has super-classes
silicate glass c
has sub-classes
cobalt-borosilicate glass c, iron-borosilicate glass c, pyrex-type glass c

bravais lattice (3D)c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020099

TODO: possibly extend for 2D (Graphene etc) More elaborate crystal descriptions may be found in http://emmo.info/domain-crystallography/crystallography or https://purls.helmholtz-metadaten.de/disos/cso
The bravais lattice is a categorical value specification that specifies value of the crystal structure quality. It describes the possible geometric arrangement of lattice points in a crystal. The present descriptor is limited to the 14 possible three-dimensional arrangements.
is equivalent to
{ bravais lattice triclinic primitive ni , bravais lattice monoclinic primitive ni , bravais lattice monoclinic base-centered ni , bravais lattice orthorombic primitive ni , bravais lattice orthorhombic base-centered ni , bravais lattice orthorhombic body-centered ni , bravais lattice orthorhombic face-centered ni , bravais lattice tetragonal primitive ni , bravais lattice tetragonal body-centered ni , bravais lattice hexagonal rhombohedral primitive ni , bravais lattice hexagonal hexagonal primitive ni , bravais lattice cubic primitive ni , bravais lattice cubic body-centered ni , bravais lattice cubic face-centered ni }
has super-classes
categorical value specification c

Brinell 2.5 62.5 ISO 6506c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000536

A brinell hardness measured with 2.5mm diameter ball and a load of 62.5 kgf.
has super-classes
brinell hardness c

brinell hardnessc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000537

An indentation hardness scalar representing a measure of material hardness obtained by indenting the material with a steel or tungsten carbide ball under a specific load.
has super-classes
indentation hardness c
has sub-classes
Brinell 2.5 62.5 ISO 6506 c

bromine atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22927

has super-classes
nonmetal atom c

bulkc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000538

The bulk is a fiat object part that describes the volume or mass of material considered as a whole, often in contrast to surface or interface phenomena.
has super-classes
fiat object part c
is disjoint with
surface layer (fiat object part) c

bulk modulusc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000539

The bulk modulus is an elastic modulus representing a measure of a material's resistance to uniform compression.
has super-classes
elastic modulus c

Burgers vectorc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020237

quality of a dislocation in terms of amount and direction in a specific crystal type
has super-classes
extensive quality c

burningc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000540

a 'changing properties of material' process that involves burning typically refers to the application of high heat, often resulting in combustion or thermal degradation, to alter the physical or chemical properties of a material, leading to changes like hardening, alteration in chemical composition, or reduction in mass,
Example 
Firing in Pottery
has super-classes
changing properties of material c

cadmium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22977

has super-classes
metal atom c

caesium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30514

has super-classes
metal atom c

calcium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22984

has super-classes
metal atom c

calcium oxidec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_31344

A member of the class of calcium oxides of calcium and oxygen in a 1:1 ratio.
has super-classes
molecular entity c

calenderingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0200006

A primary shaping from the plastic state process in which a viscous polymer melt or plastic mass is passed through the narrow gaps between several counter-rotating, polished rolls so that it is compressed and rolled out into sheet or film of defined thickness and surface quality, then cooled to solidify.
Example 
Calendering of plasticised PVC into rigid or flexible sheets and films; calendering of ABS sheet for thermoforming.
has super-classes
primary shaping from the plastic state c

calibration device rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000543

A device role that is used for calibration of itself or another device, which has the "Subject Of Calibration Role". The role is realized in a calibration process.
has super-classes
device role c

calibration processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0001039

A process of comparing measurement values delivered by an instrument or system with known reference standards to ensure accuracy and traceability.
has super-classes
completely executed planned process c

californium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33392

has super-classes
metal atom c

caliperc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000544

A measuring device having two usually adjustable arms, legs, or jaws used especially to measure the dimensions of objects, such as diameters or thicknesses
Source
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/caliper
has super-classes
device c

carbide ceramicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050063

non-oxide ceramic consisting of a metal and carbon
has super-classes
non-oxide ceramic c
has sub-classes
boron carbide ceramic c, silicon carbide ceramic c, tungsten carbide ceramic c

carbon atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27594

has super-classes
nonmetal atom c

carbon fiber reinforced polymerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0090009

polymer matrix composite, consisting of a polymer matrix reinforced with carbon fibers
has super-classes
polymer matrix composite c

carbon steelc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0010001

ferrous metal that has a limited amout of carbon
has super-classes
ferrous metal c

carbon-silicon carbide compositec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050080

non-oxide composite that consists of a carbon matrix reinforced with silicon carbide, enhancing high-temperature performance
has super-classes
non-oxide composite c

cast ironc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0010002

ferrous metal that has an amout of min 2.07 wt % carbon
has super-classes
ferrous metal c

catalystc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020146

Catalyst is the role of a participant in a chemical reaction that does not alter its qualities/realizable entities after the chemical reaction.
has super-classes
role c

categorical value specificationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0001930

A value specification that is specifies one category out of a fixed number of nominal categories
has super-classes
value specification c
has sub-classes
aggregate state value c, bravais lattice (3D) c, metallic grain structures c, order scale value c, slip system (3D) c

ceramicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000546

Ceramics are engineered materials described as non-metallic, inorganic materials characterized by high hardness, brittleness, and heat resistance, commonly used in engineering applications.
has super-classes
material c
has sub-classes
bioceramic c, electroceramic c, natural ceramic c, non-oxide ceramic c, oxide ceramic c, technical ceramic c

ceramic crystalc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020249

a crystal whose atomic entities have a ionic or a covalent bond
has super-classes
crystal c

ceramic matrix compositec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050074

composite consisting of a ceramic matrix and one or more reinforcement materials
has super-classes
composite c
has sub-classes
non-oxide composite c, oxide-oxide composite c

ceriumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33369

has super-classes
lanthanoid atom c

cermetc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0011034

metal matrix composite material consisting of a ceramic phase (typically carbides or nitrides) bonded with a continuous metallic phase
has super-classes
metal matrix composite c

chalcogenc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33303

Any p-block element belonging to the group 16 family of the periodic table.
has super-classes
atom c
has sub-classes
livermorium atom c, oxygen atom c, polonium atom c, selenium atom c, sulfur atom c, tellurium atom c

chalcogenide glassc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050141

non‑silicate glass (generally non‑oxide) that contains one or more chalcogens
has super-classes
non-silicate glass c, optical glass c

change of aggregate statec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000547

a phase transformation (change of phase) involving the collective state of particles in portion of matter
has super-classes
phase transformation c

change of temperaturec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000549

change of temperature is a process in which a particpant changes its temperature
has super-classes
process c
has sub-classes
cooling c, heating c

changing properties of materialc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000550

A manufacturing process that modifies the characteristics of the material from which a workpiece is made, including by processes at the submicroscopic or atomic scale, such as atomic diffusion, dislocation formation and movement in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, whereby the resulting shape changes are not characteristic of these processes.
Source
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 5, 3.1.6 Stoffeigenschaften ändern - Definition
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Seite 5, 3.1.6 Stoffeigenschaften ändern - Definition
Example 
Heat Treatment
has super-classes
manufacturing process c
has sub-classes
burning c, hardening by forming c, heat treatment c, irradiating c, magnetizing c, photochemical process c, sintering c, thermomechanical treatment c

chemical compositionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000551

See the editor note of composition to understand the difference between composition and chemical composition. See the pattern example of composition to underatand the difference between composition and proportion.
The chemical composition is an intensive quality of a portion of matter which describes the types and proportions of pure chemical elements in the portion of matter, and it is a subject of some chemical composition data item.
has super-classes
composition c

chemical composition analyzing processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000552

A structural property analyzing process that determines the chemical composition of a material by identifying and quantifying its constituent elements and compounds.
has super-classes
structural property analyzing process c

chemical composition data itemc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0025002

Chemical composition data item is an information content entity that is about composition of a portion of matter. It has members fraction value specifications which specifiy values of propotions of portions of (pure) chemical elements, which are parts of the portion of matter.
Example 
Steel has quality chemical composition , and the chemical composition data item is about the chemical composition .The chemical composition data item has members fraction specifications of iron and carbon. These fraction specifications specify value of portion of iron and portion of carbon respectively. Furthermore, these fraction specifications specify  values of relational qualities (mass) proportion of iron and (mass) proportion of carbon.
has super-classes

chemical entityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24431

A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances.
has super-classes
material entity c
has sub-classes
atom c, chemical substance c, group c, molecular entity c

chemical potentialc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000553

an intensive quality of a thermodynamic system describing the energy change associated with the addition of a small quantity of a substance to a system at constant temperature and pressure.
has super-classes
intensive quality c
is disjoint with
electric potential c, size c, mass c, energy c, activity (thermodynamic) c, shape c

chemical property analyzing processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000554

An assay that determines the chemical composition, reactivity, and chemical stability of materials, including the identification and quantification of chemical elements and compounds.
has super-classes
assay c

chemical reactionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000869

The occurrence of (a) chemical reaction is the process in which substances interact to form new chemical compounds or alter their molecular structure.
has super-classes
process c

chemical substancec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59999

A chemical substance is a portion of matter of constant composition, composed of molecular entities of the same type or of different types.
Frequently used for fluidic portions of matter and/or in the context of chemical reactions. Boundary to material not always sharp.
has super-classes
chemical entity c, portion of matter c
has sub-classes
pure substance c

chemically strengthened glassc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050123

glass that is treated via chemical processes to enhance its strength
has super-classes
toughened (tempered) glass c

chlorine atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23116

has super-classes
nonmetal atom c

chromatography functionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000555

A function performed to separate compounds in a mixture based on their distribution between a stationary phase and a mobile phase.
has super-classes
function c

chromatography processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000556

A structural property analyzing process that enables the separation and analysis of compounds in a mixture by their distribution between a mobile and a stationary phase.
has super-classes
structural property analyzing process c
has sub-classes
gas chromatography process c, gel permeation chromatography process c, high-performance liquid chromatography process c, ion exchange chromatography process c, supercritical fluid chromatography process c, thin-layer chromatography process c

chromatography systemc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000557

A device used for separating mixtures into individual components using a chromatographic column and a mobile phase.
has super-classes
device c
has sub-classes
gas chromatography system c, gel permeation chromatography system c, high performance liquid chromatography system c, ion exchange chromatography system c, supercritical fluid chromatography system c, thin layer chromatography system c

chromium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28073

A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.
has super-classes
metal atom c

chromium steelc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0010006

steels containing chromium as an intentional alloying element, characterized by mechanical strength and hardness suitable for engineering applications such as bearings, tools, drills, and utensils, but lacking the corrosion resistance required to qualify as stainless steel
has super-classes
steel c

circular sawc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000558

The circular saw is an electric or motorized saw that is powered by a round, circular saw blade. The blade of a circular saw is equipped with teeth along its edge that are used to cut the material as it is fed into the saw. Circular saws are versatile tools and can be used for different materials such as wood, metal, plastic and even rock, depending on the specific saw blade that is installed.
has super-classes
saw c
has sub-classes
circular table saw c, sizing saw c

circular table sawc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000559

A stationary circular saw that is built into a table top. It is often used in workshops for precise wood cuts.
has super-classes
circular saw c

clayc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000114

material that is naturally occurring, fine-grained earthy and composed primarily of hydrous aluminum silicates and other minerals, formed by the geological processes
has super-classes
material c

clay-based ceramicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050042

silicate ceramics that are formed from natural clays
has super-classes
engineered material c, silicate ceramic c
is disjoint with
non-clay ceramic c

cleaningc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000560

A separating process that involves removing unwanted material from a surface through cleaning methods, which may include processes like blasting, washing, or chemical cleaning.
Source
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8592
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8592
Example 
Chemical Cleaning, Mechanical Cleaning
has super-classes
separating c

cleaning devicec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000561

A device used for removing contaminants from materials or surfaces.
has super-classes
device c
has sub-classes
ultrasonic cleaner c

cnc machinec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000541

A CNC machine is a forming machine that uses computer numerical control to precisely control machining tools for cutting, drilling, milling, and other tasks.
has super-classes
forming machine c
has sub-classes
cnc welding machine c

cnc welding machinec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000542

A cnc machine that performs welding operations.
has super-classes
cnc machine c, welding device c

coarse grained simulationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000562

Multiscale simulation process that simplifies the system by grouping atoms or molecules into larger particles, thereby reducing computational complexity and allowing for the study of larger systems or longer time scales
Example 
In materials science, coarse-grained simulations are often used to study the mechanical properties of polymers. For instance, in the simulation of polymer chains, each segment of the chain might represent a group of several monomers, rather than modeling every single atom. This approach allows researchers to investigate the behavior of polymeric materials over larger scales and longer time periods, such as the viscoelastic properties of a polymer melt.
has super-classes
multiscale simulation c

coatingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000563

A manufacturing process that aims to deposit a permanently adhering layer of a material without a form onto a workpiece, whereby the immediate state of the coating material directly before application is essential.
Source
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 5, 3.1.5 Beschichten - Definition
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Seite 5, 3.1.5 Beschichten - Definition
Example 
Chemical Vapour Deposition, Physical Vapour Deposition
has super-classes
manufacturing process c
has sub-classes
coating by soldering c, coating by welding c, coating from the gaseous or vapour state c, coating from the granular or powdery state c, coating from the ionized state c, coating from the liquid state c, coating from the plastic state c, coating from the pulpy or pasty state c

coating application functionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000564

A coating application function is a coating function that is realized in applying a coating to a surface.
has super-classes
coating function c

coating by solderingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000565

A coating process that involves applying a coating using soldering techniques.
Example 
Applying a protective solder layer on electronic circuit boards.
has super-classes
coating c

coating by weldingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000566

A coating process that involves applying a coating using welding techniques.
Example 
Cladding a metal surface with a corrosion-resistant alloy using weld overlay.
has super-classes
coating c

coating devicec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000567

A device used for applying a coating or layer to materials to enhance their properties or appearance.
has super-classes
device c

coating from the gaseous or vapour statec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000569

A coating process that involves applying a coating from a gaseous or vapor state.
Example 
Applying a thin film of material using chemical vapor deposition (CVD).
has super-classes
coating c

coating from the granular or powdery statec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000570

A coating process that involves applying a coating from a granular or powdery state.
Example 
Powder coating of metal parts.
has super-classes
coating c

coating from the ionized statec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000571

A coating process that involves applying a coating from an ionized state.
Example 
Plasma spraying of ceramic coatings.
has super-classes
coating c

coating from the liquid statec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000572

A coating process that involves applying a coating from a liquid state.
Example 
Electroplating of metals.
has super-classes
coating c

coating from the plastic statec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000573

A coating process that involves applying a coating from a plastic state.
Example 
Applying a plastic film through hot melt coating.
has super-classes
coating c

coating from the pulpy or pasty statec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000574

A coating process that involves applying a coating from a pulpy or pasty state.
Example 
Painting, a protective layer of plaster on walls.
has super-classes
coating c

coating functionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000575

A function performed to apply a layer or coating to a surface to enhance its properties or appearance.
has super-classes
function c
has sub-classes
coating application function c

cobalt atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27638

A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.
has super-classes
metal atom c

cobalt-borosilicate glassc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050139

borosilicate glass that is formulated with cobalt to enhance its magnetic properties
has super-classes
borosilicate glass c, magnetic glass c

coil (coiled sheet)c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020175

Coils may have several sheets that are joined together.
A coil is an object that has part some sheets or foils. At the same time it may be a material.
has super-classes
object c
is disjoint with
fluid (object) c, ingot c, sheet c, billet c, foil c, plate c, bar c, rod c, wire (semi finished product) c, tube c, pipe c, profile (semi finished product) c

colorimeterc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000576

A device used to measure the color of a sample, often used in quality control and material analysis.
has super-classes
device c

completely executed planned processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/COB_0000035

has super-classes
planned process c
has sub-classes
assay c, calibration process c, computing process c, conventional ceramics manufacturing c, expriment designing process c, identifier creating process c, manufacturing process c, melting process c, publishing process c, validation c
is in domain of
achieves_planned_objective op, has specified input op, has specified output op
is in range of
is specified input of op, is specified output of op
is disjoint with
failed planned process c, biological process c

componentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020152

A component is an object aggregate that bears a function in a technical system.
has super-classes
object aggregate c

compositec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000577

An object aggregate that consists of two or more bonded materials with dissimilar physical or chemical properties which are used to complement each other where the parts remain seperate and distinct in the resulting object aggregate.
Example 
carbon fibre reinforced polymer
laminated glass
wood
hard metal composites for abrasive tools
has super-classes
connected material entity aggregate c
has sub-classes
bio-based composite c, biological composite c, ceramic matrix composite c, metal matrix composite c, polymer matrix composite c, structural composite c

compositionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0025001

Composition is an intensive quality which defines types and proportions of compounds present in a material entity and is subject of some composition data item.
Example 
4 vol.% nitric acid solution, Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) Block Copolymer with 50 vol.% of both styrene and butadiene
has super-classes
intensive quality c
has sub-classes
chemical composition c, inorganic composition c, organic composition c
is disjoint with
ASTM grainsize c, aggregate state c, crystal structure c, defect density c, density c, crystallographic texture c, pressure c, specific surface area c, temperature c, porosity c, grain size distribution c, metallic grain structure c

composition data itemc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020004

These portions of other matters do not have to be portions of specific chemical elements, i.e., atomic composition, but rather portions of other substances, such as nitric acid and water.
Composition data item is an information content entity that is about composition of a material enity. It has members fraction value specifications which specifiy values of propotions of compounds, which are parts of the material enity.
Example 
Nitric acid solution has quality  composition, and  the composition data item is about this composition.The composition data item has members fraction specifications of nitric acid, e.g., 4 vol.%, and distilled water. These fraction specifications specify value of pure substances of nitric acid and distilled water, respectively. Furthermore, these fraction specifications specify values of relational qualities (volume) proportion of nitric acid and (volume) proportion of distilled water.
has super-classes

compound semiconductorc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0010101

semiconductor which is composed of two or more pure elements
Example 
boron nitride (BN), gallium arsenide (GaAs), aluminium gallium arsenide (AlGaAs), indium gallium nitride (InGaN)
is equivalent to
semiconductor c and (has member op min 2 portion of pure chemical element c)
has super-classes
semiconductor c

compoundingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000578

A joining process that involves assembling various components or sub-assemblies to form a complex unit, commonly used in manufacturing processes where multiple parts are put together to create a final product.
Source
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-1
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-1
Example 
Interlocking, Layering
has super-classes
joining c

compounding machinec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000579

A device used for mixing or compounding materials to achieve desired properties.
has super-classes
device c

compression moldingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0200000

A primary shaping from the plastic state process in which a pre-measured, usually preheated molding compound is placed in an open, heated mold cavity and shaped by closing the mold and applying pressure until the material cures or solidifies to the final part geometry.
has super-classes
primary shaping from the plastic state c

compression testing machinec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000580

A device used to test the compressive strength of materials by applying a compressive force.
has super-classes
device c

compression testing processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000581

A mechanical property analyzing processs that determines a material's behavior under compressive forces, measuring its compressive strength and modulus.
Example 
Compression testing of concrete samples to ensure they meet the required strength standards for construction.
has super-classes
mechanical property analyzing process c

computing devicec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000582

A device that provides an execution environment for, e.g., simulation processes or prediction models. A computing system can be virtual (e.g., a container or virtual machine) or physical (e.g., a bare-metal servers), uses digital representations of objects as inputs and produces digital measurements, such as simulation results or predictions, as outputs.
has super-classes
device c
has sub-classes
simulation device c

computing processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000583

A process that involves the systematic use of computational methods and tools to perform simulations, analyses, or data transformations to achieve specific scientific or engineering goals.
has super-classes
completely executed planned process c
has sub-classes
analytical calculation c, simulation process c

conditioning processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000584

A conditioning process is a manufacturing process that sets a material entity to predefined environmental conditions.
has super-classes
manufacturing process c

conductive glassc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050134

glass that has been modified to exhibit electrical conductivity
is equivalent to
glass c and (has disposition op some electrical conductivity c)
has super-classes
glass c

connected material entity aggregatec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000890

An object aggregate that is a mereological sum of separate material entities, which adhere to one another through chemical bonds or physical junctions that go beyond gravity.
Example 
the atoms of a molecule, the molecules forming the membrane of a cell, the epidermis in a human body
has super-classes
object aggregate c
has sub-classes
composite c, foam c, polycrystal c

containing magnetic speciesc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0010022

A material property that inheres in a material entity in virtue of the presence of one or more magnetic species (e.g. ferromagnetic, paramagnetic, or diamagnetic particles or atoms), and that manifests under appropriate conditions as the ability of that material entity to exhibit a magnetic response or influence in a magnetic field.
has super-classes
material property c

continous transportc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020246

recurring transport of multiple entities, such that the transported entities are not being discretized anymore
Example 
the flow of a liquid in a pipe, diffusion of a gas in different gas
has super-classes
transport c

continuantc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000002

(Elucidation) A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity
Example 
A human being; a tennis ball; a cave; a region of space; someone's temperature
has super-classes
entity c
has sub-classes
generically dependent continuant c, independent continuant c, specifically dependent continuant c
is in domain of
participates in op
is in range of
has participant op
is disjoint with
occurrent c

continuant fiat boundaryc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000140

(Elucidation) A continuant fiat boundary b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions & such that there is no time t when b has a spatial region as continuant part & whose location is determined in relation to some material entity
Example 
As for fiat point, fiat line, fiat surface
has super-classes
immaterial entity c
has sub-classes
fiat line c, fiat point c, fiat surface c
is disjoint with
spatial region c, site c

continuous simulationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000585

A simulation method specification where changes in a system are modeled continuously over time.
has super-classes
simulation method specification c

conventional ceramics manufacturingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000113

A manufacturing process that relies on traditional and manual methods to produce ceramics.
Example 
forming green bodies by hand
using a bonfire, pit or kiln for firing/sintering
has super-classes
completely executed planned process c

coolingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0025011

Cooling is a change of temperature which corresponds to the decrease of temperature in the system or object.
has super-classes
change of temperature c

cooling functionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000055

A temperature change function that enables a system or device to lower the temperature of a material, often to control solidification or maintain a stable state below a desired thermal threshold.
Example 
The function of a water-cooled mold to solidify molten metal in casting.
has super-classes
temperature change function c

copernicium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33517

A zinc group element atom with a symbol Cn and atomic number 112. All its isotopes are intensely radioactive. Prior to its discovery, it had the placeholder name ununbium (in accordance with IUPAC recommendations). Following its discovery (in Darmstadt, 1996) and subsequent confirmation, the name copernicium was adopted in 2010.
has super-classes
metal atom c

copper alloyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020187

non-ferrous metal consisting primarily of copper combined with other elements
has super-classes
alloy c, non-ferrous metal c

copper atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28694

has super-classes
metal atom c

copper matrix compositec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0090007

metal matrix composite, consisting of a copper or copper alloy matrix and one or more reinforcement materials
has super-classes
metal matrix composite c

corrosionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020022

Corrosion is typically of interest when the change of the material affects the objects ability to fulfill its function.
corrosion is a slow chemical or electrochemical degradation process of a material entity due to its interaction with the surrounding environment.
has super-classes
process c

corrosion resistantc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0010000

a disposition to withstand corrosive attack to a certain extend
has super-classes
material property c

covalent bondc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050001

A covalent bond is a bond that forms when nonmetal atoms share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration.
Source
https://sciencenotes.org/types-of-chemical-bonds/
Example 
In a water molecule (H₂O), the hydrogen and oxygen atoms share electrons.
has super-classes
bond c

crackc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020202

A crack is a site that consists of a physical separation within a material entity occurring at the level of atomic bonds.
has super-classes
site c
is disjoint with
notch c, pore c

crack growthc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000587

The crack growth is an evolution of damage describing the progressive extension of a crack in a material under stress.
has super-classes
evolution of damage c
is disjoint with
pore growth c, structural and chemical decay c

creep testing machinec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000588

A device used to test the creep behavior of materials under constant stress at high temperatures.
has super-classes
device c

creep testing processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000589

A mechanical property analyzing process that evaluates a material's deformation over time under constant stress and temperature, determining its creep behavior.
Example 
Creep testing of turbine blades to ensure they can withstand prolonged high temperatures without deforming.
has super-classes
mechanical property analyzing process c

crown glassc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050120

optical glass that is characterized by its low dispersion and high clarity
has super-classes
optical glass c

cryogenic freezerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000590

A cryogenic freezer is a temperature change device that preserves materials at extremely low temperatures, often below -150°C.
has super-classes
temperature change device c

crystalc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020003

A crystal is an object that has a quality "crystal structure".
has super-classes
object c
has sub-classes
alloy crystal c, ceramic crystal c, crystallite c, elemental crystal c, single crystal c

crystal structurec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000591

The finite set of periodic geometric arrangements is described e.g. by the 14 possible Bravais Lattices in three-dimensional space.
an intensive qualtty of a crystal that embodies the periodic geometric arrangement of entities in a crystal lattice.
is equivalent to
specified by value op exactly 1 bravais lattice (3D) c
has super-classes
intensive quality c
is disjoint with
ASTM grainsize c, aggregate state c, defect density c, density c, crystallographic texture c, pressure c, specific surface area c, temperature c, porosity c, grain size distribution c, composition c, metallic grain structure c

crystalline polyethylene terephthalatec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050021

polyethylene terephthalate that is distinguished by its ordered, crystalline structure
has super-classes
polyethylene terephthalate c

crystallitec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000663

A crystal grain is a crystal that is part of a polycrystal.
has super-classes
crystal c

crystallizationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020195

process by which a solid with long-range order forms
has super-classes
process c

crystallographic texturec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000853

typically observed through crystallographic analysis
an intensive quality describing the arrangement and orientation of grains in a polychrystal
has super-classes
intensive quality c
is disjoint with
ASTM grainsize c, aggregate state c, crystal structure c, defect density c, density c, pressure c, specific surface area c, temperature c, porosity c, grain size distribution c, composition c, metallic grain structure c

curingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0010034

The toughening or hardening of a polymer material by cross-linking of polymer chains.
has super-classes
process c

curium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33390

has super-classes
metal atom c

cut functionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000592

A function performed to separate or divide materials using cutting devices.
has super-classes
function c

cutting devicec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0001998

A device designed to cut, slice, divide, or sever objects.
has super-classes

darmstadtiumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33367

has super-classes
metal atom c

data format specificationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000098

A data format specification is the information content borne by the document published defining the specification. Example: The ISO document specifying what encompasses an XML document; The instructions in a XSD file
Source
OBI branch derived
OBI_0000187
Example 
you might consinder EDAM formats as sublasses here http://edamontology.org/format_1915
has super-classes
directive information entity c

data itemc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000027

An information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements.
Example 
Data items include counts of things, analyte concentrations, and statistical summaries.
has super-classes
information content entity c
has sub-classes
1D c, 2D c, 3D c, data set c, file data item c, measurement datum c

data setc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000100

A data item that is an aggregate of other data items of the same type that have something in common. Averages and distributions can be determined for data sets.
Source
OBI_0000042
group:OBI
Example 
Intensity values in a CEL file or from multiple CEL files comprise a data set (as opposed to the CEL files themselves).
has super-classes
data item c

date value specificationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0001044

A datum that represents a date or time interval associated with another specification.
has super-classes
value specification c

datum labelc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000009

A label is a symbol that is part of some other datum and is used to either partially define the denotation of that datum or to provide a means for identifying the datum as a member of the set of data with the same label
has super-classes
information content entity c
has sub-classes
measurement unit label c

daughter phase rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020159

The daughter phase role is the role of a phase that forms during the phase transformation process.
has super-classes
role c
is disjoint with
parent phase role c

deep learningc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000594

A simulation process that employs artificial neural networks with many layers to model complex patterns in data.
Example 
Using deep learning to predict the formation of defects in crystalline materials.
has super-classes
simulation process c
has sub-classes
generative deep learning c, multimodal deep learning c, reinforcement learning c

defect densityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000595

an intensive quality describing the number of defects per unit volume or area in a material, which can affect its mechanical and electronic properties
has super-classes
intensive quality c
is disjoint with
ASTM grainsize c, aggregate state c, crystal structure c, density c, crystallographic texture c, pressure c, specific surface area c, temperature c, porosity c, grain size distribution c, composition c, metallic grain structure c

defect rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020205

A defect role is a role of an independent continuant C indicating that C may affect a material entity E's ability to realize a function. C is continuant part of E.
Example 
A crack in an structural member may affect its ability to carry a load.
has super-classes
role c

deformationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000596

The deformation is a process describing a change in the shape, size, or structure of a material often under the influence of stress or force.
has super-classes
process c

densityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000597

The density is a universal intensive quality representing the unit mass of a portion of matter per unit volume.
has super-classes
intensive quality c
is disjoint with
ASTM grainsize c, aggregate state c, crystal structure c, defect density c, crystallographic texture c, pressure c, specific surface area c, temperature c, porosity c, grain size distribution c, composition c, metallic grain structure c

depthc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0001046

The distance from a reference surface or point to a specific point or feature along a perpendicular or defined direction.
has super-classes
size c

determination if assay will provide reliable resultsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0002201

A planned process that is used to assess whether an assay will provide reliable results based on the conditions or qualities of the inputs, devices, and other participants of the assay.
Source
OBI
has super-classes
planned process c

deterministic simulationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000601

A simulation method specification where outcomes are precisely determined through known relationships without random variability.
has super-classes
simulation method specification c

devicec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000602

A device is an object that is designed to perform a specific function or task involving measurement, manipulation, processing, or analysis.
has super-classes
object c
has sub-classes
additive manufacturing device c, bending testing machine c, caliper c, chromatography system c, cleaning device c, coating device c, colorimeter c, compounding machine c, compression testing machine c, computing device c, creep testing machine c, differential scanning calorimeter c, differential thermal analyzer c, dynamic mechanical analyzer c, environmental chamber c, extensometer c, fatigue testing machine c, flow cytometer c, forming machine c, furnace c, gravimetric analyzer c, grips c, hand held device c, hardness testing machine c, heat treatment device c, injection molding machine c, ion spectrometer c, irradiation device c, joining device c, load cell c, magnetizing device c, mass spectrometer c, micrometer gauge c, microscope c, microtome c, mould c, rheometer c, rolling mill c, rolling stand c, scratch testing machine c, shear testing machine c, slide c, soldering device c, spalling testing machine c, spectrometer c, stamping press c, surface profilometer c, temperature change device c, tensile testing machine c, thermocouple c, torsion testing machine c, ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer c, viscometer c, water purification system c, wear testing machine c, welding device c, x-ray analyzer c, x-ray computed tomography system c, x-ray diffractometer c, x-ray mapping device c, x-ray microanalysis system c

device rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000603

Rolle, die ein Geräte inne haben kann.
has super-classes
role c
has sub-classes
adjustment device role c, calibration device role c, subject of adjustment role c, subject of calibration role c

device specificationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0060006

A directive information entity that outlines the technical requirements, features, constraints, and performance criteria of a specific device, guiding its design, manufacturing, operation, or maintenance.
has super-classes
directive information entity c

diagonalc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0001047

A straight line connecting two non-adjacent corners or vertices of a polygon.
has super-classes
size c

diameterc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050051

The length of a straight line through the center of an object or space.
Source
“Diameter.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/diameter. Accessed 5 Dec. 2022.
has super-classes
length c
has sub-classes
inner diameter c, outer diameter c

diboron trioxidec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30163

A boron oxide with formula B<small><sub>2</sub></small>O<small><sub>3</sub></small>.
has super-classes
molecular entity c

dielectric ceramicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050082

electroceramic that serves primarily as electrical insulators due to their high dielectric constants
is equivalent to
electroceramic c and (has disposition op some dielectric disposition c)
has super-classes
electroceramic c
has sub-classes
barium titanate ceramic c, lead zirconate titanate ceramic c

dielectric constantc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000604

The dielectric constant is an electrical property representing a measure of a material's ability to store electrical energy in an electric field.
has super-classes
electrical property c
is disjoint with
electrical conductivity c

dielectric dispositionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000112

The disposition of an electric insulator to be polarized when subjected to an electric field.
has super-classes
disposition c

differential scanning calorimeterc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000605

A device used to measure the heat flow associated with phase transitions in a sample as a function of temperature.
has super-classes
device c

differential scanning calorimetry processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000606

A thermal property analyzing process that measures the heat flow into or out of a material as it is heated, cooled, or held at a constant temperature, determining its thermal transitions such as melting, crystallization, and glass transitions.
Example 
Differential scanning calorimetry of a polymer to determine its melting temperature and crystallization behavior.
has super-classes
thermal property analyzing process c

differential thermal analysis processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000607

A thermal property analyzing process that measures the temperature difference between a sample and a reference material as they are subjected to a controlled temperature program, identifying phase transitions and reactions.
Example 
Differential thermal analysis of a ceramic material to identify its phase transition temperatures and reaction kinetics.
has super-classes
thermal property analyzing process c

differential thermal analyzerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000608

A device used to measure the temperature difference between a sample and a reference material as they are heated or cooled.
has super-classes
device c

diffractionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020214

is a process of interference of waves which, scattered by a material’s periodic features, produce characteristic patterns
has super-classes
process c

diffusionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020194

often used to describe mass transport from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration
process by which material entities spread or move due to random thermal motion
has super-classes
process c
has sub-classes
inter-diffusion in crystalline solid c, interstitial diffusion c, self-diffusion in crystaline solid c, vacancy diffusion c

diffusion fluxc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020248

flux transported by diffusion
has super-classes
flux c

dimension measuring functionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000610

A measuring function performed to determine the dimensions of an object or material.
has super-classes
measuring function c

dimension measuring processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000611

A structural property analyzing process that determines the physical dimensions of a material or object, such as length, width, height, diameter, and thickness, with high accuracy and precision.
has super-classes
structural property analyzing process c

directive information entityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000033

An information content entity whose concretizations indicate to their bearer how to realize them in a process.
has super-classes
information content entity c
has sub-classes
action specification c, data format specification c, device specification c, material specification c, objective specification c, plan specification c, specification datum c

disassemblingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000612

A separating process that involves disassembling a composite or assembled unit into its constituent parts or sections.
Source
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8591
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8591
Example 
Dismantling, Emptying
has super-classes
separating c

disconnected material entity aggregatec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000891

An object aggregate that is a mereological sum of scattered (i.e. spatially separated) material entities, which do not adhere to one another through chemical bonds or physical junctions but, instead, relate to one another merely on grounds of metric proximity. The material entities are separated from one another through space or through other material entities that do not belong to the group.
Example 
a heap of stones, a colony of honeybees, a group of synapses, the trees of a forest, the canopy of a forest, the fish of a shoal, a group of commuters on the subway, the patients in a hospital
has super-classes
object aggregate c
has sub-classes
aerosol c, powder c

discrete-event simulationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000613

A simulation method specification where events are processed at distinct points in time, commonly used for modeling systems with discrete state changes.
has super-classes
simulation method specification c

dislocationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020233

a linear site in a cystal that interrupts the cystal ordering
has super-classes
site c
has sub-classes
edge dislocation c, screw dislocation c

dispersionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020247

dispersion in optical glass is a refraction dependent on wavelength
Optical property describing the wavelength dependent phase velocity.
has super-classes
optical property c

dispositionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000016

(Elucidation) A disposition b is a realizable entity such that if b ceases to exist then its bearer is physically changed & b's realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer's physical make-up
Example 
An atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y; the cell wall is disposed to transport cellular material through endocytosis and exocytosis; certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer; children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways
has super-classes
realizable entity c
has sub-classes
bioactive c, biodegradability c, bioinert c, dielectric disposition c, disposition of a phase to transform c, function c, hand holdable disposition c, material property c, polymorphism of crystal c, superconducting c
is in range of
has disposition op
is disjoint with
role c

disposition of a phase to transformc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020165

The disposition is grounded in the phases activity in the thermodynamic system in question.
The disposition of a phase to transform into another phase in a phase transformation process.
has super-classes
disposition c

dividingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000614

A separating process that involves separating material into distinct parts using techniques like shear cutting, splitting, tearing, or breaking, typically employed in processes where precise control over the cut is less critical.
Source
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8588
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8588
Example 
Shearing, Cracking
has super-classes
separating c

doc stringc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000123

A docstring is a textual entity that describes an associated section of some source code
has super-classes
textual entity c

documentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000310

A collection of information content entities intended to be understood together as a whole
Example 
A journal article, patent application, laboratory notebook, or a book
has super-classes
information content entity c
has sub-classes
publication c

drawing formingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0200005

A primary shaping from the plastic state process in which a plastically deformable mass (for example fibre-reinforced resin or glass/plastic strands) is pulled through one or more shaping tools or dies so that the cross-section and surface are formed by tensile forces, while the material solidifies or cures to produce continuous profiles. It is conceptually related to pultrusion / profile drawing.
Example 
Pultrusion of glass-fibre-reinforced polymer profiles; drawing of continuous fibre-reinforced rods through a heated die.
has super-classes
primary shaping from the plastic state c

drilling machinec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000615

A forming machine that creates holes in a workpiece by means of a rotating drill bit.
has super-classes
forming machine c

driving force of phase in systemc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020130

Driving force of phase in a system is a relational quality that inheres between two material entities, the species and the material (system). The driving force is a factor that promotes a physical process or (eletro-)chemical reaction in a material (system) to occur and proceed towards completion. It can be quantified as the gradient of the activity of the participating species.
Example 
For α → β: ΔG = G_β − G_α. If ΔG < 0, the transformation is thermodynamically favorable; many report the driving force as F = −ΔG > 0
has super-classes
relational quality c

dubnium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33349

has super-classes
metal atom c

dynamic mechanical analysis processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000616

A mechanical property analyzing process that measures the mechanical properties of a material as a function of temperature, time, frequency, and stress, determining its viscoelastic behavior.
Example 
Dynamic mechanical analysis of a rubber compound to assess its stiffness and damping properties over a range of temperatures.
has super-classes
mechanical property analyzing process c

dynamic mechanical analyzerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000617

A device used to measure the mechanical properties of materials as a function of temperature, frequency, and time.
has super-classes
device c

dysprosium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33377

has super-classes
lanthanoid atom c

earthenwarec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050043

natural ceramic that is clay-based, formed at relatively low temperatures, resulting in a porous, rustic material
has super-classes
natural ceramic c

edge dislocationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020235

a dislocation characterized by adding one extra half plane into the crystal lattice
has super-classes
dislocation c
has sub-classes
mixed dislocation c

eductc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020145

Educt is the role of a material entity that is input of a chemical reaction and is consumed or transformed during the reaction
has super-classes
role c

einsteinium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33393

has super-classes
metal atom c

elastic modulusc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000618

represents a material's stiffness, defined as the ratio of stress to strain in the elastic deformation region.
has super-classes
stiffness c
has sub-classes
bulk modulus c

elastomerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050030

polymer that exhibits elasticity by returning to its original shape after deformation
has super-classes
polymer c
has sub-classes
natural rubber c, synthetic rubber c

electric potentialc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000619

an extensvie quality describing the amount of work needed to move a unit charge from a reference point to a specific location in an electric field.
has super-classes
extensive quality c
is disjoint with
chemical potential c, size c, mass c, energy c, activity (thermodynamic) c, shape c

electrical conductivityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000620

The electrical conductivity is an electrical property describing the ability of a material to conduct electric current, influenced by its structure and composition.
has super-classes
electrical property c
is disjoint with
dielectric constant c

electrical propertyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000621

An electrical property is a material property that represents the characteristics of a material that determine its behavior under the influence of an electric field, such as conductivity, resistivity, and permittivity.
has super-classes
material property c
has sub-classes
dielectric constant c, electrical conductivity c

electrical property analyzing processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000622

An assay that determines the electrical properties of materials, including electrical conductivity, resistivity, dielectric strength, and electrical charge storage capabilities.
has super-classes
assay c

electroceramicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050081

ceramic that is specifically engineered for electrical, magnetic, or superconducting applications
is equivalent to
ceramic c and (has disposition op some superconducting c or dielectric disposition c or magnetic property c)
has super-classes
ceramic c
has sub-classes
dielectric ceramic c, magnetic ceramic c, superconducting ceramic c

electrochromic glassc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050128

functional glass that can reversibly change its light transmission properties when an electrical voltage is applied
has super-classes
functional glass c

electron beam welding machinec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000623

An electron beam welding machine is a welding device that uses a high-velocity electron beam to fuse materials together, typically in a vacuum environment.
has super-classes
welding device c

electron microscopec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000624

A microscope that uses a beam of electrons to create high-resolution images of a sample's surface or structure.
Source
“Electron microscope.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/electron%20microscope. Accessed 24 Nov. 2022.
has super-classes
microscope c
has sub-classes
scanning electron microscope c, transmission electron microscope c

electron microscopyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000625

A microscopy process that uses a beam of electrons to create an image of an object, allowing for high-resolution visualization of the material's surface and internal structures.
Example 
An example of an electron microscopy process is Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), which provides detailed images of the surface topography and composition of a material. Another example is Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), which can visualize the internal structure of a sample at atomic resolution.
has super-classes
microscopy process c

electron spectroscopyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000626

A spectroscopy process, that studies the energy distribution of electrons emitted from a sample when it is irradiated with electromagnetic radiation or bombarded with particles.
Example 
Examples are e.g. Auger electron spectroscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, secondary electron spectroscopy.
has super-classes
spectroscopy process c

elemental crystalc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020210

a crystal that consists of exactly one atomic species
is equivalent to
has member op exactly 1 portion of pure chemical element c
has super-classes
crystal c

elemental semiconductorc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0010100

semiconductor that shows semiconductive behavior as a pure element
Example 
Silicon, Carbon, Germanium, alpha-Tin
is equivalent to
semiconductor c and (has member op exactly 1 )
has super-classes
semiconductor c

emission of corpuscular radiationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000628

The emission of corpuscular radiation is an emission of radiation describing the release of particle-based radiation, such as alpha or beta particles, from a material or system.
has super-classes
emission of radiation c

emission of radiationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000629

The emission radiation is a process describing the release of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles from a material.
has super-classes
process c
has sub-classes
emission of corpuscular radiation c, emission of wave radiation c

emission of wave radiationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000630

The emission of wave radioation is an emission of radiation describing the release of energy in the form of waves, such as electromagnetic or acoustic waves, by a material or system.
has super-classes
emission of radiation c

empirical potential molecular dynamics simulationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000631

A simulation process that uses empirical potentials derived from experimental data to model the behavior of molecular systems.
Example 
Simulating the diffusion of atoms in a crystal using Lennard-Jones potentials.
has super-classes
simulation process c

energyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020142

an extensive quality of material entities which manifests as a capacity to perform work (such as causing motion or the interaction of molecules)
Source
http://openenergy-platform.org/ontology/oeo/OEO_00000150
has super-classes
extensive quality c
has sub-classes
band gap c, interatomic interaction energy c, internal energy c
is disjoint with
chemical potential c, electric potential c, size c, mass c, activity (thermodynamic) c, shape c

engineered biopolymerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0090017

bio-based material and polymer synthesized through the intentional industrial transformation, synthesis, or reconstitution processes using materials derived from living (or once-living) organisms
Example 
synthetic Bio-polymer such as Polylactic Acid (PLA): or Regenrated Biopolymrs like Rayon / Viscose reconstituted from pulp cellulose; or microbial Biopolymers like Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) synthesised by bacteria
has super-classes
bio-based material c

engineered materialc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000002

We recognize that some of the materials in the subclasses also occur naturally. However, these are not within the scope of our consideration for technical use.
An engineered material is a material that is output of a manufacturing process.
is equivalent to
material c and (is specified output of op some manufacturing process c)
has super-classes
material c
has sub-classes
clay-based ceramic c, glass-ceramic c, toughened (tempered) glass c

entityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000001

(Elucidation) An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist
Example 
Julius Caesar; the Second World War; your body mass index; Verdi's Requiem
has sub-classes
continuant c, occurrent c
is in domain of
denoted by op, exists at op
is in range of
denotes op

environmental chamberc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000633

A device used to simulate environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and pressure to test materials and devices.
has super-classes
device c

epoxy resinc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050023

thermosetting polymer that is a epoxide-functional oligomer curing via ring-opening into crosslinked networks used as precursors to thermosetting polymers
has super-classes
thermosetting polymer c
has sub-classes
bisphenol a epoxy c, novolac epoxy c

erbiumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33379

has super-classes
lanthanoid atom c

ethylene groupc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29362

has super-classes
group c

ethylene propylene diene monomerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050035

synthetic rubber produced from ethylene, propylene, and a diene monomer
has super-classes
synthetic rubber c

europium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_32999

has super-classes
lanthanoid atom c

eutectic phase transformationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020163

A eutectic phase transformation is a phase transformation in which a liquid parent phase decomposes into two distinct solid daughter phases at constant temperature and pressure.
has super-classes
phase transformation c

eutectoid phase transformationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020147

It is defined on the phase diagram at fixed composition and typically proceeds by diffusion‑controlled nucleation and growth (e.g., γ → α + Fe3C producing pearlite in steels).
A eutectoid phase transformation is a phase transformation in which a solid parent phase of eutectoid composition decomposes into two distinct solid daughter phases at constant temperature and pressure.
has super-classes
phase transformation c

evaluant rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000067

a role that inheres in a material entity that is realized in an assay in which data is generated about the bearer of the evaluant role
Source
OBI
Example 
When a specimen of blood is assayed for glucose concentration, the blood has the evaluant role. When measuring the mass of a mouse, the evaluant is the mouse. When measuring the time of DNA replication, the evaluant is the DNA. When measuring the intensity of light on a surface, the evaluant is the light source.
has super-classes
role c

evolution of damagec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000635

An evolution of damage is a process representing the progression of material degradation under mechanical, thermal, or chemical stresses.
has super-classes
process c
has sub-classes
crack growth c, pore growth c, structural and chemical decay c

expriment designing processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0001040

A planned process of planning and structuring experimental methods, conditions, and variables to reliably test hypotheses or obtain data.
has super-classes
completely executed planned process c

extensive qualityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020148

An extensive quality is a quality that inheres in only object or object aggregate or fiat object part or chemical entity and is dependent on the bearers (system-) size.
has super-classes
quality c
has sub-classes
Burgers vector c, electric potential c, energy c, mass c, shape c, size c
is disjoint with
intensive quality c

extensometerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000636

A device for measuring minute deformations of test specimens caused by tension, compression, bending, or twisting.
Source
“Extensometer.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/extensometer. Accessed 5 Dec. 2022.
has super-classes
device c

extrusionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0200004

A primary shaping from the plastic state process in which a plastically deformable material, typically a polymer melt, is continuously forced by pressure through a shaping die to produce an endless strand with constant cross-section, which solidifies by cooling or curing.
Example 
Extrusion of PVC window profiles; extrusion of plastic films or pipes from polyethylene melt.
has super-classes
primary shaping from the plastic state c

failed planned processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/COB_0000083

has super-classes
planned process c
is disjoint with
completely executed planned process c

fatigue (reaction to repetitive loading)c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020141

Fatigue is typically of interest when the change of the material affects the objects ability to fulfill its function.
fatigue is a process that affects an material entities integrity by nucleation and growing cracks.
has super-classes
process c

fatigue testing machinec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000637

A device used to test the fatigue resistance of materials by subjecting them to repeated stress cycles.
has super-classes
device c

fatigue testing processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000638

Fatigue testing process is a mechanical property analyzing process that assesses a material's ability to withstand cyclic loading, determining its fatigue life and endurance limit. It must have occurent parts single fatigue tests.
Example 
Fatigue testing of metal components in bridges to predict their lifespan under repetitive loading conditions.
has super-classes
mechanical property analyzing process c

fermiumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33394

has super-classes
metal atom c

ferrous metalc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000639

metal that has iron as primary constituent
has super-classes
metal c
has sub-classes
carbon steel c, cast iron c, steel c

fiat linec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000142

(Elucidation) A fiat line is a one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary that is continuous
Example 
The Equator; all geopolitical boundaries; all lines of latitude and longitude; the median sulcus of your tongue; the line separating the outer surface of the mucosa of the lower lip from the outer surface of the skin of the chin
has super-classes
continuant fiat boundary c
has sub-classes
slip direction c
is disjoint with
fiat surface c, fiat point c

fiat object partc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000024

(Elucidation) A fiat object part b is a material entity & such that if b exists then it is continuant part of some object c & demarcated from the remainder of c by one or more fiat surfaces
Example 
The upper and lower lobes of the left lung; the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body; the Western hemisphere of the Earth; the FMA:regional parts of an intact human body
has super-classes
material entity c
has sub-classes
bulk c, surface layer (fiat object part) c

fiat pointc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000147

(Elucidation) A fiat point is a zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary that consists of a single point
Example 
The geographic North Pole; the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico and Arizona meet; the point of origin of some spatial coordinate system
has super-classes
continuant fiat boundary c
has sub-classes
lattice point c
is disjoint with
fiat line c, fiat surface c

fiat surfacec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000146

(Elucidation) A fiat surface is a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary that is self-connected
Example 
The surface of the Earth; the plane separating the smoking from the non-smoking zone in a restaurant
has super-classes
continuant fiat boundary c
has sub-classes
grain boundary c, phase boundary (spatial) c, section c, slip plane c
is disjoint with
fiat line c, fiat point c

file data itemc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://nfdi.fiz-karlsruhe.de/ontology/NFDI_0000027

A file data item is a data item that represents a file stored on a hard drive. It might also include essential attributes like its name, location, download URL, size, type, and timestamps for creation, modification, and access. It might also capture permissions and ownership details to control how the file can be accessed or modified.
has super-classes
data item c

filler rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020001

Filler is the role of a 'PortionOfDisconnectedMatter' that implies being hosted in a matrix.
has super-classes
role c
is disjoint with
matrix role c

fillingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000641

A joining process that involves the use of a filler material to connect parts.
Source
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-2
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-2
Example 
Impregnating, Soaking
has super-classes
joining c

flerovium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_194531

A carbon group element atom with a symbol Fl and atomic number 114.
has super-classes
metal atom c

flexible polyvinyl chloridec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050015

polyvinyl chloride that has been modified with plasticizers to impart flexibility
has super-classes
polyvinyl chloride c

flint glassc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050121

optical glass that is distinguished by its high refractive index and dispersion
has super-classes
optical glass c

flowc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020226

amount of transported entites per time
has super-classes
process attribute c
has sub-classes
flux c

flow cytometerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000642

A flow cytometer is a device used to measure the physical and chemical characteristics of a population of cells or particles.
has super-classes
device c

flow of electric chargec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000519

is the process of movement of charged particles
has super-classes
process c

fluid (object)c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020113

Fluid (object) is an object that consists of some portion of matter which bears an aggregate state that concretizes a liquid or gaseous aggregate state.
has super-classes
object c
has sub-classes
melt c
is disjoint with
ingot c, sheet c, billet c, foil c, coil (coiled sheet) c, plate c, bar c, rod c, wire (semi finished product) c, tube c, pipe c, profile (semi finished product) c

fluoridec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17051

has super-classes
molecular entity c

fluorine atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24061

has super-classes
nonmetal atom c

fluxc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020244

a flow of a unit-entity per unit time
has super-classes
flow c
has sub-classes
diffusion flux c

foamc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020126

A foam is a connected material entity aggregate that consists of a solid or liquid matrix containing gas-filled or vacuum-filled pores forming cellular structures.
Source
old defintion: A foam is a material entity aggregate that is also a composite material c. The parts of c that have the filler role are vacuum-filled or gas filled pores. The parts of c that have the matrix role consist of a material that is bearer of solid or liquid aggregate state. One pore with its surrounding matrix is called 'cell'. Depending on the interconnectedness of the pores the foam is open- or closed-cell.
has super-classes
connected material entity aggregate c

foilc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020174

A plate is a very thin rectangular object that may bear a semi finished product role. At the same time it may be a material.
has super-classes
object c
is disjoint with
fluid (object) c, ingot c, sheet c, billet c, coil (coiled sheet) c, plate c, bar c, rod c, wire (semi finished product) c, tube c, pipe c, profile (semi finished product) c

forcec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020200

A force is a realizable entity that consists of a reciprocal interaction between two objects and is realized as equal and opposite influences capable of changing motion or causing deformation.
Source
Old definition: Force is a reciprocal relation realized between two objects where the other object exerts the same force with opposite sign onto the first. Force may be responsible for changes in velocity and/or deformation of objects.
has super-classes
realizable entity c

force measuring functionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000644

A measuring function performed to determine the force applied to or by an object.
has super-classes
measuring function c

formation of notch or scratchc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000645

The formation of (a) notch or (a) scratch is a process that describes the creation of small surface imperfections, which can influence a material's mechanical properties.
has super-classes
process c

formingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000646

A manufacturing process that changes the shape of a solid body through plastic deformation while retaining both mass and structural integrity.
Source
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 4, 3.1.2 Umformen - Definition
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Seite 4, 3.1.2 Umformen - Definition
Example 
Tension Forming, Compression Forming
has super-classes
manufacturing process c
has sub-classes
forming by bending c, forming under compressive and tensile conditions c, forming under compressive conditions c, forming under shearing conditions c, forming under tensile conditions c

forming by bendingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000647

A forming process that involves bending materials, typically used in manipulating sheets, tubes, or profiles into curved shapes or angles, common in metalworking and fabrication industries.
Source
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8586
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8586
Example 
Bending With Linear Die Movement, Bending With Rotary Die Movement
has super-classes
forming c

forming machinec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000648

A device used for shaping materials under various conditions, including tensile, compressive, and shearing.
has super-classes
device c
has sub-classes
cnc machine c, drilling machine c, grinding machine c, lathe c, milling machine c, polishing machine c, stretch straightener machine c

forming under compressive and tensile conditionsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000649

A forming process that involves applying both tensile and compressive forces to a material.
Source
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8584-1
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8584-1
Example 
Stripping, Deep Drawing, Spinning
has super-classes
forming c

forming under compressive conditionsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000650

A forming process that involves deforming materials under compressive forces, commonly used in techniques like rolling and die forming where metal is shaped by applying pressure.
Source
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8583-1
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8583-1
Example 
Rolling, Coining
has super-classes
forming c

forming under shearing conditionsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000651

A forming process that involves displacement or twisting materials to achieve deformation, often used in operations where materials are shaped by applying torsional forces.
Source
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8587
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8587
Example 
Twisting, Displacement
has super-classes
forming c

forming under tensile conditionsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000652

A forming process that involves stretching or elongating materials to achieve desired dimensions or shapes.
Source
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8585-1
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8585-1
Example 
Expanding, Stretch Forming
has super-classes
forming c

fraction value specificationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0025997

Fraction value specification is a value specification that contains information about quantitative share of a part relative to a specified whole.
Example 
2.05 wt.% of carbon in steel, 4 vol.% of nitric acid in a solution
has super-classes
scalar value specification c

fracture toughness testing processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000653

A mechanical property analyzing process that assesses a material's ability to resist crack propagation, determining its fracture toughness.
Example 
Measuring the fracture toughness of ceramic materials used in aerospace components to ensure reliability under stress.
has super-classes
mechanical property analyzing process c

francium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33323

has super-classes
metal atom c

frequencyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0025007

Frequency is a process attribute which characterizes the rate per second of oscillation or vibration.
Example 
Frequency of electromagnetic wave, Frequency of sound wave.
has super-classes
process attribute c

fritted ceramicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050053

non-clay ceramic that is manufactured by fusing and subsequently grinding glass materials
has super-classes
non-clay ceramic c

functionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000034

(Elucidation) A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of its bearer's physical make-up & this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artefacts) in order to realize processes of a certain sort
Example 
The function of a hammer to drive in nails; the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity
has super-classes
disposition c
has sub-classes
chromatography function c, coating function c, cut function c, heat treatment function c, irradiation function c, joining function c, magnetizing function c, manufacturing function c, measuring function c, mechanical function c, temperature change function c, testing function c
is in domain of
function of op
is in range of
has function op

function namec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000100

A textual entity that denotes a workflow function
has super-classes
textual entity c

functional glassc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050133

glass that is designed to perform specific roles beyond conventional optical applications
is equivalent to
glass c and (part of op some object c and (has function op some function c))
has super-classes
functional material c, glass c
has sub-classes
electrochromic glass c, photochromic glass c, thermochromic glass c

functional materialc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000654

A functional material F is an engineered material which has the disposition to be used for an object O (O consists of F) and O's function is other/more than mechanical load carrying.
is equivalent to
material c and (part of op some object c and (has function op some function c))
has super-classes
material c
has sub-classes
functional glass c

furnacec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000655

A device that generates and contains high-intensity thermal energy within an insulated enclosure.
Source
“Furnace.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/furnace. Accessed 13 Jan. 2023.
has super-classes
device c
has sub-classes
induction furnace c

fused silica glassc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050119

optical glass that is made from pure silica, prized for its high transparency and thermal stability.|Fused silica is a silicate glass that is essentially pure, amorphous SiO₂
Example 
often called fused quartz or vitreous silica
has super-classes
optical glass c, silicate glass c

gadolinium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33375

has super-classes
lanthanoid atom c

gallium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49631

A metallic element predicted as eka-aluminium by Mendeleev in 1870 and discovered by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Named in honour of France (Latin <em>Gallia</em>) and perhaps also from the Latin <em>gallus</em> cock, a translation of Lecoq.
has super-classes
metal atom c

gas chromatography processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000656

A chromatography process that separates and analyzes compounds that can be vaporized without decomposition, using a gas as the mobile phase and a solid or liquid stationary phase.
Example 
Gas chromatography is used to analyze the composition of volatile organic compounds in a polymer matrix.
has super-classes
chromatography process c

gas chromatography systemc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000657

A chromatography system used for separating and analyzing compounds in a gas mixture using a chromatographic column.
has super-classes
chromatography system c
has sub-classes
high temperature gas chromatography system c

gel permeation chromatography processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000658

A chromatography process that separates molecules based on their size by passing the sample through a porous gel matrix, also known as size exclusion chromatography.
Example 
Gel permeation chromatography is used to determine the molecular weight distribution of a polymer sample.
has super-classes
chromatography process c

gel permeation chromatography systemc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000659

A chromatography system used for separating and analyzing polymers based on their molecular size using gel permeation chromatography.
has super-classes
chromatography system c

general purpose polystyrenec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050017

polystyrene that is valued for its clarity and ease of processing
has super-classes
polystyrene c

generation of magnetic fieldc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000521

is a process that occurs as a reaction to change of elctric field or movement of charges and produces a magnetic field
has super-classes
process c

generative deep learningc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000660

A deep learning process that involves creating models capable of generating new data instances that resemble the training data.
Example 
Using generative adversarial networks to design new molecular structures with desired properties, such as improved conductivity or strength.
has super-classes
deep learning c

generically dependent continuantc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000031

(Elucidation) A generically dependent continuant is an entity that exists in virtue of the fact that there is at least one of what may be multiple copies which is the content or the pattern that multiple copies would share
Example 
The pdf file on your laptop; the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop; the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule; the content that is shared by a string of dots and dashes written on a page and the transmitted Morse code signal; the content of a sentence; an engineering blueprint
has super-classes
continuant c
has sub-classes
information content entity c, nature constant c
is in domain of
is concretized as op
is in range of
concretizes op
is disjoint with
independent continuant c, specifically dependent continuant c, independent continuant c, specifically dependent continuant c

geogenic mineralc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020105

material that is formed through geological processes
Example 
such as Quartz (Silicates) or calcite (Carbonate) or Feldspar (Aluminosilicate)
is equivalent to
mineral c and (output of op some geological process c)
has super-classes
mineral c

geological processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000110

A natural process that operates within the Earth system to transform, transport, or deform Earth materials, thereby changing Earth structures and landforms
has super-classes
process c

geometric relational qualityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0025018

Geometric relational quality is a relational quality describing the geometric relation between two or more independent continuants.
Example 
Elongation of a specimen after a tensile step, i.e., the specimen before and after the test. Angle between a rolling direction of a rolled material and the longitudinal side of a specimen.
has super-classes
relational quality c
has sub-classes
angle c

geometry shapec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050156

This concept describes the geometric dimensions and appearance (shape and dimensions) of a sample, specimen, or test piece as usually defined by a corresponding standard. Accordingly, the shape value given is in accordance with the defining standard, e.g., ‘tensile test piece shape 1 in accordance with annex B of the tensile test standard’.
Source
DIN EN ISO 6892-1:2019
has super-classes
shape c
has sub-classes
shape 3d c

germanate glassc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050116

non-silicate glass that is composed primarily of germanium oxide, noted for its infrared transmission
has super-classes
non-silicate glass c

germanium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30441

has super-classes
metalloid atom c, nonmetal atom c

glassc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000661

It is often composed of silica-based compounds.
A glass is an engineered material present as an amorphous solid typically formed by rapid cooling of a melt.
has super-classes
material c
has sub-classes
amorphous metal glass c, bioactive glass c, conductive glass c, functional glass c, laminated glass c, magnetic glass c, non-silicate glass c, optical glass c, silicate glass c, specialty glass c, toughened (tempered) glass c

glass fiber reinforced polymerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0090008

polymer matrix composite, consisting of a polymer matrix reinforced with glass fibers
has super-classes
polymer matrix composite c

glass-ceramicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050050

Glass‑ceramics are inorganic, non‑metallic materials prepared by controlled crystallization of glasses via different processing methods; they contain at least one type of functional crystalline phase and a residual glass, and the crystallized volume fraction may vary from ppm to almost 100%.
has super-classes
engineered material c
has sub-classes
leucite-based glass-ceramic c, lithium disilicate glass-ceramic c, transparent glass-ceramic c

glueingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000662

A joining process that involves using adhesives to bond materials together, suitable for a wide range of materials including metals, plastics, and composites, and used in various applications from automotive to aerospace.
Source
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-8
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-8
Example 
Bonding With Physically Hardening Adhesives, Bonding With Chemically Hardening Adhesives (Reaction Bonding)
has super-classes
joining c

gold atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29287

has super-classes
metal atom c

gold metalc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0010015

precious metal consisting primarily of gold
has super-classes
precious metal c

grain boundaryc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020213

A grain boundary is a fiat surface that separates adjacent grains in a polycrystalline material and is characterized by structural discontinuity.
has super-classes
fiat surface c
has sub-classes
high angle grain boundary c, small angle grain boundary c, twin boundary c

grain sizec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020243

an intensive quality epitomizing the average size of the grains of a polycrystal
has super-classes
intensive quality c
has sub-classes
ASTM grainsize c

grain size distributionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020112

An intensive quality describing the lower length scale object aggregate (grains) that is part of the material.
has super-classes
intensive quality c
is disjoint with
ASTM grainsize c, aggregate state c, crystal structure c, defect density c, density c, crystallographic texture c, pressure c, specific surface area c, temperature c, porosity c, composition c, metallic grain structure c

gravimetric analyzerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000665

A device used to measure the mass of a sample to determine its composition or concentration.
has super-classes
device c

gravimetrical analyzing processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000666

A structural property analyzing process that measures the quantity of a substance by its mass, often involving the precipitation, filtration, drying, and weighing of the substance.
Example 
An example of a Gravimetrical Analyzing Process is the determination of sulfate content in a sample by precipitating it as barium sulfate, filtering, drying, and weighing the precipitate.
has super-classes
structural property analyzing process c

grinding machinec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000667

A grinding machine is a forming machine that uses an abrasive wheel to remove material from the surface of a workpiece, typically for finishing or precision work.
has super-classes
forming machine c

gripsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000668

This device is a part by which something, usually a tangible object, is grasped. Typically, grips are part of a mounting system (processing node) referring to a testing system.
Source
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/grips
has super-classes
device c

groupc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433

A defined linked collection of atoms or a single atom within a molecular entity.
has super-classes
chemical entity c
has sub-classes
ethylene group c

hacksawc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000767

A hacksaw is a hand saw designed for cutting various materials, particularly metal. It consists of a fine-toothed blade, tensioned in a frame, and a handle. The frame of a hacksaw is typically C-shaped, allowing the blade to be easily replaced when necessary. Hacksaws are commonly used in metalworking and other applications where a controlled and precise cut through metal is required. The fine teeth on the hacksaw blade enable it to cut through metal with efficiency, and the tensioned frame provides stability during the cutting process. Hacksaws are versatile tools and are often used for tasks such as cutting pipes, rods, and metal sheets. They are available in different sizes and tooth configurations to suit various cutting needs.
has super-classes
saw c

hafnium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33343

has super-classes
metal atom c

half-lifec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000768

The half-life is a process attribute describing the time it takes for a material entity or a quality of a material entity to reduce its initial value to a half
Example 
radioactive decay, material degradation
has super-classes
process attribute c

hand circular sawc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000770

A handheld circular saw is a portable circular saw that is guided by hand. It is well suited for precise cuts in construction and woodwork.
has super-classes
hand held device c

hand held devicec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0001999

A device that has the disposition to be grasped and operated by a human hand and is designed for manual use.
is equivalent to
device c and (has disposition op some hand holdable disposition c)
has super-classes
device c
has sub-classes
hand circular saw c, handsaw c

hand holdable dispositionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000769

Disposition of an object that can be hold, operated or used manually.
has super-classes
disposition c

handsawc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000771

The handsaw is a manually operated saw that is used to cut various materials, especially wood. This type of saw typically consists of a long, thin blade with teeth attached to a handle. The handle allows the user to guide the saw by hand and make the cut by moving the blade back and forth. Handsaws are available in different designs, depending on the intended application. For example, there are handsaws for wood, metal or plastic, and they can have different tooth geometries and blade lengths to best suit different cutting requirements.
has super-classes
hand held device c

hardenablec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0010013

a disposition to gain a greatly increased hardness at the surface or entire volume by the process of hardening
has super-classes
material property c

hardeningc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000103

A manufacturing process that increases the strength and hardness of a material.
has super-classes
manufacturing process c
has sub-classes
ion-exchange hardening c

hardening by formingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000772

A changing properties of material process, that involves altering material properties by mechanical deformation.
Example 
Sheet Metal Rolling to Achieve Higher Strength.
has super-classes
changing properties of material c

hardnessc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000773

The hardness is a mechanical property used as a measure of a material's resistance to localized plastic deformation, often tested by indentation or scratch methods.
has super-classes
mechanical property c
has sub-classes
indentation hardness c, rebound hardness c, scratch hardness c

hardness testerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000774

A hardness tester is a hardness testing machine that measures the resistance of a material to deformation, typically by indentation.
has super-classes
hardness testing machine c

hardness testing machinec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000775

A device used to measure the hardness of materials through various testing methods such as indentation or scratch tests.
has super-classes
device c
has sub-classes
hardness tester c

hardness testing processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000776

A mechanical property analyzing process that measures a material's resistance to deformation, typically using indentation methods to determine hardness.
Example 
Hardness testing of steel using the Rockwell method to classify its grade for industrial applications.
has super-classes
mechanical property analyzing process c

hassium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33357

has super-classes
metal atom c

heat (metallurgy)c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020166

A heat is a fixed amount of metallic alloy that may be input to some manufacturing process.
has super-classes

heat capacityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000777

The heat capacity is a thermal property describing the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a material by a given amount.
has super-classes
thermal property c
is disjoint with
thermal conductivity c

heat flowc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000520

is a process in which transfer of thermal energy between or within material entities occurs
has super-classes
process c

heat treatmentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000779

A changing properties of material process in which a solid (ferrous) product is fully or partially exposed to specific time-temperature sequences through a series of process steps with the aim of modifying its properties and/or its internal structure.
Source
Official definition can be found in: DIN EN ISO 4885:2018 Wärmebehandlung Page 21, 3.108 Wärmebehandlung - Definition
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN EN ISO 4885:2018 Wärmebehandlung Seite 21, 3.108 Wärmebehandlung - Definition
Example 
Annealing, Ageing, Hardening
has super-classes
changing properties of material c

heat treatment devicec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000780

A device used for treating materials through heating and cooling processes to alter their properties.
is equivalent to
device c and (has function op some heating function c or cooling function c)
has super-classes
device c
has sub-classes
melting furnace c

heat treatment functionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000781

A function performed to alter the properties of materials through controlled heating and cooling processes.
has super-classes
function c

heatingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0025010

Heating is a change of temperature which corresponds to the increase of temperature in the system or object.
has super-classes
change of temperature c

heating functionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000054

A temperature change function that, when realized, enables a system or device to increase the thermal energy of a material, typically to reach temperatures required for processing, transformation, or reaction.
Example 
The function of a resistance heater in a vacuum furnace.
has super-classes
temperature change function c
has sub-classes
melting function c

helium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30217

has super-classes
molecular entity c, nonmetal atom c

high angle grain boundaryc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020238

a grain boundary whose adjacent crystalls have a high angle of misalignment
has super-classes
grain boundary c

high impact polystyrenec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050018

polystyrene that is modified with rubber to improve its impact resistance
has super-classes
polystyrene c

high performance liquid chromatography systemc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000784

A chromatography system used for separating, identifying, and quantifying compounds in liquid samples through high performance liquid chromatography.
has super-classes
chromatography system c

high temperature gas chromatography systemc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000785

A gas chromatography system used for separating and analyzing compounds in a gas mixture at high temperatures using a chromatographic column.
has super-classes
gas chromatography system c

high throughput simulationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000783

A simulation process that performs a large number of simulations automatically to explore a wide range of conditions.
Example 
Screening thousands of potential material compounds to identify those with optimal properties for battery applications.
has super-classes
simulation process c

high-density polyethylenec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050007

polyethylene that is characterized by a linear molecular structure and high density
has super-classes
polyethylene c

high-performance liquid chromatography processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000782

A chromatography process that separates, identifies, and quantifies components in a liquid sample using high pressure to pass the sample through a column packed with a stationary phase.
Example 
High-performance liquid chromatography is used to analyze the purity and concentration of pharmaceutical compounds in a formulation.
has super-classes
chromatography process c

high-temperature resistant glassc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050112

aluminosilicate glass that is engineered to maintain stability at elevated temperatures
has super-classes
aluminosilicate glass c

historyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000182

(Elucidation) A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by the material part of a material entity
Example 
The life of an organism from the beginning to the end of its existence
has super-classes
process c
is in domain of
history of op
is in range of
has history op

holmium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49648

has super-classes
lanthanoid atom c

Homo sapiensc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606

has super-classes
material entity c

hybrid semiconductorc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0010103

semiconductor which consists of organic semiconductors and non-organic semiconductors
has super-classes
semiconductor c

hybrid simulationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000786

A simulation method specification that combines physical and computational models to analyze material behavior.
has super-classes
simulation method specification c

hydrogen atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637

has super-classes
molecular entity c, nonmetal atom c

hydrogen bondc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020024

A hydrogen bond is a bond that binds one molecule’s hydrogen atom with the electronegative atoms of another molecule.
Example 
The bond that forms between liquid water molecules at one molecules hydrogen ends and the other molecules oxygen end.
has super-classes
bond c

hydroxyapatite ceramicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050096

oxide ceramic that is bioactive and composed of calcium phosphate and closely resembles the mineral component of bone
has super-classes
bioactive ceramic c, oxide ceramic c

identifierc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0020000

An information content entity that is the outcome of a dubbing process and is used to refer to one instance of entity shared by a group of people to refer to that individual entity.
Sep 29, 2016: The current definition has been amended from the previous version: "A proper name is an information content entity that is the outcome of a dubbing process and is used to refer to one instance of entity shared by a group of people to refer to that individual entity." to more accuratly reflect the necessary and sufficient condition on the class. (MB)
is equivalent to
information content entity c and (denotes op some entity c) and (is specified output of op some identifier creating process c)
has super-classes
information content entity c

identifier creating processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0020010

A planned process that provides a reference to an individual entity shared by a group of subscribers to refer to that individual entity.
is equivalent to
completely executed planned process c and (has specified output op some identifier c)
has super-classes
completely executed planned process c

immaterial entityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000141

b is an immaterial entity =Def b is an independent continuant which is such that there is no time t when it has a material entity as continuant part
Example 
As for fiat point, fiat line, fiat surface, site
has super-classes
independent continuant c
has sub-classes
continuant fiat boundary c, site c, spatial region c
is disjoint with
material entity c

impactc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000518

impact is a short-duration, high-force interaction porcess between two bodies in contact
has super-classes
process c

impact testing processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000788

A mechanical property analyzing process that determines a material's ability to absorb energy and withstand impact forces, typically using pendulum or drop-weight testers.
Example 
Impact testing of helmet materials to ensure they provide adequate protection against head injuries.
has super-classes
mechanical property analyzing process c

import pathc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000101

A textual entity that denotes a workflow function via import resolution rules
has super-classes
textual entity c

indentation hardnessc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000789

The indentation hardness is a hardness representing the resistance of a material to deformation from an indenter, used to assess surface hardness.
has super-classes
hardness c
has sub-classes
brinell hardness c

independent continuantc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000004

b is an independent continuant =Def b is a continuant & there is no c such that b specifically depends on c or b generically depends on c
Example 
An atom; a molecule; an organism; a heart; a chair; the bottom right portion of a human torso; a leg; the interior of your mouth; a spatial region; an orchestra
has super-classes
continuant c
has sub-classes
immaterial entity c, material entity c, temporally qualified continuant c
is in domain of
complies with op, has disposition op, has function op, has relational quality op, has role op, located in op
is in range of
located in op
is disjoint with
specifically dependent continuant c, generically dependent continuant c, specifically dependent continuant c, generically dependent continuant c

indium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30430

A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant indigo (Latin <em>indicum</em>) blue line in its flame spectrum.
has super-classes
metal atom c

induction furnacec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000791

An induction furnace is a furnace that heats materials using electromagnetic induction, generating heat directly within the material.
has super-classes
furnace c

information content entityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000030

A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing.
Source
OBI_0000142
Example 
Examples of information content entites include journal articles, data, graphical layouts, and graphs.
has super-classes
generically dependent continuant c
has sub-classes
data item c, datum label c, directive information entity c, document c, identifier c, symbol c, textual entity c, uncertainty c, value specification c
is in domain of
denotes op, has value dp, has value specification op, is about op
is in range of
complies with op, denoted by op

ingotc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020170

The ingot may be hot rolled after casting...
An ingot is an object that has a thick section and may bear a semi finished product role and that is the specified output of a casting process. At the same time it is a material.
has super-classes
object c
is disjoint with
fluid (object) c, sheet c, billet c, foil c, coil (coiled sheet) c, plate c, bar c, rod c, wire (semi finished product) c, tube c, pipe c, profile (semi finished product) c

injection moldingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0200002

A primary shaping from the plastic state process in which plastic granules are plasticised in an injection unit and the melt is injected under high pressure into a closed mold cavity, where it cools and solidifies to the final part shape.
Example 
Injection molding of polypropylene housings.
has super-classes
primary shaping from the plastic state c

injection molding machinec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000794

An injection molding machine is a device used to produce plastic parts by injecting molten plastic into molds under high pressure.
has super-classes
device c

injection-compression moldingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0200003

A hybrid primary shaping from the plastic state process that combines injection and compression: a pre-plasticised charge or melt is injected into a closed or partially open mold and then compressed by further mold closure or a plunger so that the material completely fills the cavity and cures or solidifies under heat and pressure.
Example 
Injection-compression molding of epoxy-encapsulated electronic components.
has super-classes
primary shaping from the plastic state c

inner diameterc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0025016

Inner diameter is a length of a straight line from one inner surface of an object or space to the other side of its inner surface through the center of an object or space when it has the inside and outside surface.
has super-classes
diameter c

inorganic compositionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0010027

material composition based on chemical elements other than those defining organic compounds, typically characterized by ionic or metallic bonding and the absence of a carbon-hydrogen ($C-H$) framework
has super-classes
composition c

input assignmentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000066

Input assignment is a process boundary which is part of a computing process and which connects a material entity or i.c.e as input to the computing process
has super-classes

input specificationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000014

A parameter specification that prescribes a data item required as input for the execution of a workflow function.
has super-classes
parameter specification c

intensive qualityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020131

An intensive quality is a quality that inheres in only portion of matter and thus is independent of the bearers (system-) size.
has super-classes
quality c
has sub-classes
aggregate state c, chemical potential c, composition c, crystal structure c, crystallographic texture c, defect density c, density c, grain size c, grain size distribution c, metallic grain structure c, order scale c, porosity c, pressure c, specific surface area c, temperature c
is disjoint with
extensive quality c

inter-diffusion in crystalline solidc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020222

diffusion of entites of some type in a crystal that consists mostly of entites of a different type
has super-classes
diffusion c

interatomic interaction energyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020155

Interatomic interaction energy is added/removed from the atom aggregate if one atom is moved infinitely away from the rest of the aggregate.
has super-classes
energy c
is disjoint with
internal energy c

internal energyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020151

Internal energy is a universal extensive quality that specifies the bearers potential to do work.
has super-classes
energy c
is disjoint with
interatomic interaction energy c

interstitial diffusionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020225

diffusion process in which material entities move from interstitial sites to adjacent interstitial sites
has super-classes
diffusion c

interstitial sitec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020198

An interstitial site is a site that is located between regular lattice points in a crystal structure.
has super-classes
site c

interstitital solid solutionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020231

a solid solution whose solute entities are located in the interstitial sites
is equivalent to
solid solution c and (has member op some pure substance c and (has part op some entity c and (located in op some interstitial site c)) and (has role op some solute role c))
has super-classes
solid solution c

investigation agent rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000202

A role borne by an entity and that is realized in a process that is part of an investigation in which an objective is achieved. These processes include, among others: planning, overseeing, funding, reviewing.
Philly2013: Historically, this role would have been borne only by humans or organizations. However, we now also want to enable investigations run by robot scientists such as ADAM (King et al, Science, 2009)
Source
OBI
Example 
The person perform microarray experiments and submit microarray results (including raw data, processed data) with experiment description to ArrayExpress.
has super-classes
role c

iodine atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24859

Chemical element with atomic number 53.
has super-classes
nonmetal atom c

ion exchange chromatography processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000795

A chromatography process that separates ions and polar molecules based on their charge by using an ion exchange resin to attract and retain the ions from the sample.
Example 
Ion exchange chromatography is used to purify and separate proteins in a solution for material characterization.
has super-classes
chromatography process c

ion exchange chromatography systemc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000796

A chromatography system used for separating ions in a sample using ion exchange resins in a chromatographic column.
has super-classes
chromatography system c

ion microscopec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000797

A microscope that uses ions to create high-resolution images of the surface or structure of a sample.
has super-classes
microscope c

ion microscopyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000798

A microscopy process that uses a focused beam of ions to image a specimen, providing high-resolution images and compositional information, often used for surface analysis and depth profiling.
Example 
An example of an ion microscopy process is Helium Ion Microscopy (HIM), which offers high-resolution imaging with minimal sample damage, or Field Ion Microscopy, which provides atomic-level resolution imaging by using a strong electric field to ionize atoms at the surface of a sharp tip, or Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB-SEM), which allows for high-precision material removal and imaging by using a focused beam of ions to mill the sample surface while simultaneously capturing detailed SEM images.
has super-classes
microscopy process c

ion spectrometerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000799

A device used for analyzing ions in a sample to determine their composition and concentration.
has super-classes
device c

ion spectroscopyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000800

A spectroscopy process, that analyzes the properties and behavior of ions in a sample by measuring their interaction with electromagnetic fields or other ions.
Example 
Examples are e.g. ion mobility spectroscopy, ion-beam spectroscopy.
has super-classes
spectroscopy process c

ion-exchange hardeningc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000104

Hardening process used in glass manufacturing where ions in the glass are replaced by larger ions from a solution which create compressive stress and increased hardness.
has super-classes
hardening c

ion-exchanged glassc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050124

glass that is chemically strengthened and produced by exchanging ions to improve durability
is equivalent to
glass c and (is specified output of op some ion-exchange hardening c)
has super-classes
toughened (tempered) glass c

ionic bondc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050003

An ionic bond is a bond that occurs when one atom donates an electron to another atom, resulting in oppositely charged ions that attract each other.
Source
https://sciencenotes.org/types-of-chemical-bonds/
Example 
An example is the interaction between the atoms of sodium chloride (NaCl), where the sodium atom donates an electron to a chlorine atom.
has super-classes
bond c

iridium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49666

has super-classes
metal atom c

iron atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18248

An iron group element atom that has atomic number 26.
has super-classes
metal atom c

iron-based metallic glassc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050150

amorphous metal glass that is predominantly composed of iron
has super-classes
amorphous metal glass c

iron-borosilicate glassc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050138

borosilicate glass that incorporates iron and borosilicate compounds to display magnetic behavior
has super-classes
borosilicate glass c, magnetic glass c

irradiatingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000801

A changing properties of material process that employs radiation exposure, to alter and enhance a material's physical or chemical attributes.
Example 
Polymer Curing
has super-classes
changing properties of material c

irradiation devicec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000803

A device used for exposing materials to radiation to induce changes in their properties.
has super-classes
device c

irradiation functionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000805

A function performed to expose materials to radiation for altering their properties.
has super-classes
function c

isotactic polypropylenec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050010

polypropylene in which all the methyl groups are aligned on the same side of the polymer chain
has super-classes
polypropylene c

joiningc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000806

A manufacturing process that enables the continuous bonding or joining of two or more workpieces with a specific, fixed shape or of such workpieces with a shapeless material, whereby the cohesion is created at specific points and reinforced overall.
Source
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 5, 3.1.4 Fügen - Definition & DIN 8593-0
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Seite 5, 3.1.4 Fügen - Definition & DIN 8593-0
Example 
Joining By Welding, Assembling
has super-classes
manufacturing process c
has sub-classes
compounding c, filling c, glueing c, joining by primary shaping c, joining by shaping c, joining by soldering c, joining by welding c, pressing on - in c, textile joining c

joining by primary shapingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000807

A joining process that involves creating a part or component in its final shape from a liquid or semi-liquid material.
Source
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-4
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-4
Example 
Pouring, Embedding, Encasing
has super-classes
joining c

joining by shapingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000808

A joining process that involves deforming one or more components to achieve a mechanical interlock or fit, commonly used for press-fit joints, crimping, or swaging.
Source
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-5
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-5
Example 
Joining By Riveting, Joining By Forming Wire-Shaped Bodies
has super-classes
joining c

joining by solderingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000809

A joining process that involves using a filler material (solder) to join metal parts by melting the solder between them without melting the base materials, a technique widely used in electronics and plumbing. This process creates a strong, conductive bond suitable for various applications.
Source
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-7
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-7
Example 
Joint Soft Soldering, Joint Hard Soldering
has super-classes
joining c

joining by weldingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000810

A joining process that involves fusing two or more metal parts by applying heat, pressure, or both, often with the addition of a filler material. This method creates a permanent and strong bond, essential in manufacturing and construction for durable structures and components.
Source
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-6
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-6
Example 
Pressure Welding, Fusion Welding
has super-classes
joining c

joining devicec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000811

A general device used for joining materials through various methods, including welding and soldering.
has super-classes
device c

joining functionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000812

A function performed to connect or bond materials together through various methods such as welding or soldering.
has super-classes
function c
has sub-classes
soldering function c, welding function c

kaolinite ceramicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050048

aluminosilicate ceramic based on the mineral kaolinite, valued for its fine particle size and plasticity
has super-classes
aluminosilicate ceramic c

knifec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000813

A tool with a sharp edge, typically made of metal, used for cutting food, materials, or other substances.
has super-classes

krypton atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49696

has super-classes
molecular entity c, nonmetal atom c

laminate ply rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000122

a single two-dimensional sheet that provides a specific high-strength orientation within a multi-layered stack
has super-classes
role c

laminated compositec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000118

A structural composite composed of two-dimensional sheets or panels (plies or laminae) bonded to one another, where each ply possesses a preferred high-strength direction
has super-classes
structural composite c

laminated glassc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050127

glass that is composed of multiple bonded layers to improve safety and acoustic performance
has super-classes
glass c

lanthanoid atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33319

has super-classes
metal atom c
has sub-classes
cerium c, dysprosium atom c, erbium c, europium atom c, gadolinium atom c, holmium atom c, lanthanum atom c, lutetium atom c, neodymium atom c, praseodymium atom c, promethium atom c, samarium atom c, terbium atom c, thulium atom c, ytterbium c

lanthanum atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33336

has super-classes
lanthanoid atom c

laser spectroscopyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000816

A spectroscopy process, that uses laser light to probe the properties of materials.
Example 
Examples are e.g. laser absorption spectroscopy, laser emission spectroscopy, ultra-fast laser spectroscopy.
has super-classes
spectroscopy process c

lasercutterc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000817

A device that utilizes laser beams to create precise cuts in various materials such as wood, plastic, metal, etc.
has super-classes

lathec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000818

A lathe is a forming machine that rotates a workpiece on its axis to perform various operations such as cutting, sanding, drilling, or deformation.
has super-classes
forming machine c
has sub-classes
precision lathe c

lattice pointc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020197

A lattice point is a fiat point that represents a position in a crystal lattice at which structural entities are regularly arranged.
has super-classes
fiat point c

lawrencium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33397

has super-classes
metal atom c

lead atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25016

has super-classes
metal atom c

lead glassc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050109

silicate glass in which lead(II) oxide (PbO) is incorporated in significant amounts
has super-classes
silicate glass c
has sub-classes
barium glass c, potash lead glass c

lead oxidec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_81045

An inorganic lead salt composed from lead(2+) and oxide.
has super-classes
molecular entity c

lead zirconate titanate ceramicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050084

oxide ceramic that is dielectric and composed of lead, zirconium, and titanium, renowned for its piezoelectric behavior
has super-classes
dielectric ceramic c, oxide ceramic c

lengthc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0040001

Length is a size that describes the spatial extent of its bearer in one dimension.
Length is a one dimensional size.
has super-classes
size c
has sub-classes
diameter c, thickness c, width c

leucite-based glass-ceramicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050052

glass-ceramics that are non-clay ceramics containing leucite crystals to enhance thermal and mechanical properties
has super-classes
glass-ceramic c

light microscopyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000819

An optical microscopy process that uses visible light and lenses to magnify and visualize specimens, enabling the study of the microstructure and morphology of materials.
Example 
An example of a light microscopy process is Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, which uses laser light to scan specimens and create high-resolution, three-dimensional images. Another example is Fluorescence Microscopy, which uses fluorescent dyes to label specific components of the specimen, allowing for the visualization of structures that are otherwise difficult to see. A third example is Polarized Light Microscopy, which utilizes polarized light to enhance contrast in samples with birefringent properties, such as crystalline materials.
has super-classes
optical microscopy c

linear low-density polyethylenec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050008

polyethylene that is distinguished by its linear backbone with short-chain branching
has super-classes
polyethylene c

lithium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30145

has super-classes
metal atom c

lithium disilicate glass-ceramicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050131

glass-ceramics that contain lithium disilicate crystals to provide high strength and aesthetic appeal
has super-classes
glass-ceramic c

livermorium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_194537

A chalcogen atom with a symbol Lv and atomic number 116.
has super-classes
chalcogen c

load cellc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000820

A device that converts mechanical force into a measurable signal by sensing the physical deformation of a structural element.
Source
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Load_cell
has super-classes
device c

lotc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020138

A lot is an object aggregate whose parts are output of the same production process.
has super-classes
object aggregate c

low-density polyethylenec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050006

polyethylene that is characterized by a branched molecular structure and low density
has super-classes
polyethylene c

lutetium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33382

has super-classes
lanthanoid atom c

machine learningc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000821

A simulation process that uses algorithms to enable computers to learn from and make predictions based on data.
Example 
Predicting the mechanical properties of composite materials based on their composition.
has super-classes
simulation process c
has sub-classes
supervised machine learning c, unsupervised machine learning c

machining geometrically definedc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000822

A separating process that involves removing material with a tool that has a defined shape and sharp edges, such as in sawing and drilling operations.
Source
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8589-0
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8589-0
Example 
Drilling, Turning
has super-classes
separating c

machining geometrically undefinedc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000823

A separating process that involves removing material using tools with undefined cutting edges, such as grinding or abrasive machining, where the exact shape of the cutting part isn't clearly defined.
Source
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8589-0
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8589-0
Example 
Grinding, Blasting
has super-classes
separating c

macromoleculec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33839

A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
has super-classes
molecular entity c
has sub-classes
polyurethane macromolecule c

macrosection (metallography)c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020192

A macrosection (metallography) is a metallographic section (surface) that is produced directly on an object. The object may be cut in order to make accessible a section (fiat surface) of interest.
has super-classes
metallographic section (surface) c

magnesia ceramicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0011023

oxide ceramic consisting primarily of magnesium oxide
has super-classes
oxide ceramic c

magnesia-stabilized zirconia ceramicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050059

zirconia ceramic stabilized with magnesia to improve its thermal stability
has super-classes
zirconia ceramic c

magnesium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25107

has super-classes
metal atom c

magnesium matrix compositec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0090006

metal matrix composite, consisting of a magnesium or magnesium alloy matrix and one or more reinforcement materials
has super-classes
metal matrix composite c

magnesium-based metallic glassc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050151

amorphous metal glass that is primarily composed of magnesium, noted for its low density
has super-classes
amorphous metal glass c

magnetic boundaryc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020168

A magnetic boundary is a phase boundary that is realized by the transition from one magnetic ordering to another magnetic ordering.
has super-classes
phase boundary (realization) c
is disjoint with
state of matter boundary c, structural boundary c, mixture boundary c

magnetic ceramicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050085

electroceramic that exhibits magnetic properties, typically based on iron oxides combined with other metal oxides
is equivalent to
electroceramic c and (has disposition op some magnetic property c)
has super-classes
electroceramic c

magnetic glassc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050137

glass that exhibits intrinsic bulk magnetic behavior|Magnetic glass is functional glass that is modified to exhibit magnetic properties
is equivalent to
glass c and (has characteristic op some magnetic property c)
has super-classes
glass c
has sub-classes
cobalt-borosilicate glass c, iron-borosilicate glass c

magnetic propertyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000825

A magnetic property is a material property representing characteristics that describe how a material responds to magnetic fields, such as permeability and coercivity.
has super-classes
material property c

magnetizingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000826

A changing properties of material process in which ferromagnetic materials are exposed to an external magnetic field, causing the material to take on magnetic properties.
Source
https://industrylist.com/glossar/stoffeigenschaften-aendern/magnetisieren/
Example 
Static Magnetization, Pulse Magnetization.
has super-classes
changing properties of material c

magnetizing devicec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000827

A device used for inducing a magnetic field in materials to alter their magnetic properties.
has super-classes
device c

magnetizing functionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000828

A function performed to induce a magnetic field in materials to modify their magnetic properties.
has super-classes
function c

magneto electrical property analyzing processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000829

An assay that investigates the magnetic and electrical properties of materials, including conductivity, resistivity, permittivity, permeability, and magnetization.
has super-classes
assay c

manganese atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18291

has super-classes
metal atom c

manufacturerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000835

A person or organization that has a manufacturer role.
is equivalent to
(Homo sapiens c or organization c) and (has role op some manufacturer role c)
has super-classes
material entity c
is in range of
is_manufactured_by op

manufacturer rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000571

Manufacturer role is a role which inheres in a person or organization and which is realized by a manufacturing process.
Source
OBI
Example 
With respect to The Accuri C6 Flow Cytometer System, the organization Accuri bears the role manufacturer role.  With respect to a transformed line of tissue culture cells derived by a specific lab, the lab whose personnel isolated the cll line bears the role manufacturer role.  With respect to a specific antibody produced by an individual scientist, the scientist who purifies, characterizes and distributes the anitbody bears the role manufacturer role.
has super-classes
role c

manufacturing functionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000832

A function that inheres in devices or processes that are used to produce or assemble goods or components.
has super-classes
function c

manufacturing processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000833

Manufacturing processes alternate qualities of materials, i.e., a value specification of some quality of a material entity, which is a specified input to the process, cannot be the same as a value specification of the same quality of another material entity, which is a specified output of the process. Unfortunately it is not possible to write down such axiom based on OWL. Semi-working solution are the temporally qualified continuants + SPARQL constrains.
A planned process that is driven by the primary intent to transform objects A manufacturing process is always a transformative process.
is equivalent to
completely executed planned process c and (has specified input op some object aggregate c or object c) and (has specified output op some object aggregate c or object c)
has super-classes
completely executed planned process c
has sub-classes
assembling process c, changing properties of material c, coating c, conditioning process c, forming c, hardening c, joining c, mixing c, primary shaping c, separating c

mapc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000834

A map is a 2D information content entity describing a representation of spatial data or relationships, often used in material science for visualizing properties or distributions.
has super-classes
2D c

massc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020133

Mass is relevant in such processes as gravitation, acceleration, etc.
Mass is fundamental extensive quality.
has super-classes
extensive quality c
is disjoint with
chemical potential c, electric potential c, size c, energy c, activity (thermodynamic) c, shape c

mass percentagec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UO_0000163

has super-classes
mass percentage based unit c
is also defined as
named individual

mass percentage based unitc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UO_1000163

has super-classes
unit c
has sub-classes
mass percentage c

mass proportionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020102

Mass proportion is a proportion which quantifies the mass of the part relative to the mass of the whole.
has super-classes
proportion c
is disjoint with
molar proportion c, volume proportion c

mass spectrometerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000835

A device used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions to identify and quantify compounds in a sample.
has super-classes
device c

mass spectrometryc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000836

A spectroscopy process that measures the mass-to-charge ratio of ions to identify and quantify molecules in a sample.
Example 
Examples are e.g. time-of-flight mass spectroscopy, particle beam mass spectrometry.
has super-classes
spectroscopy process c

mass volume percentagec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UO_0000164

has super-classes
mass volume percentage based unit c
is also defined as
named individual

mass volume percentage based unitc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UO_1000164

has super-classes
unit c
has sub-classes
mass volume percentage c

materialc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000000

Instances of Portions Of Matter whose shape is relevant for their dispostion to participate in a manufacturing process may be (subclasses of) objects that bear a 'blank role' in the context of the manufacturing process.
A material is a portion of matter that may participate in some manufacturing process and whose shape is not relevant for its participation in the manufacturing process.
has super-classes
has sub-classes
bio-based material c, biological material c, biomedical material c, ceramic c, clay c, engineered material c, functional material c, glass c, mineral c, natural organic material c, polymer c, semiconductor c

material entityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000040

An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time.
(Elucidation) A material entity is an independent continuant has some portion of matter as continuant part
Example 
A human being; the undetached arm of a human being; an aggregate of human beings
has super-classes
independent continuant c
has sub-classes
Homo sapiens c, chemical entity c, fiat object part c, manufacturer c, object c, object aggregate c, organization c, phase (thermodynamic) c, portion of matter c
is in domain of
environs op, has history op, interacts with op, is_manufactured_by op
is in range of
history of op, interacts with op, occurs in op
is disjoint with
immaterial entity c

material propertyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000005

A property is a material trait in terms of the kind and magnitude of response to a specific imposed stimulus. Generally, definitions of properties are made independent of material shape and size. (Callister, W.D., Rethwisch, D.G., Materials Science and Engineering, Wiley, 2014) Technical materials are complex aggregates. Many properties that are determined for those aggregates are intrinsically associated with the methodologies employed in the measurement process. This is in contrast to typical 'physical' properties, which like e.g. mass that can be determined to high accuracy independently of the measurement process. As a consequence, material properties in the ontology are differeciated according to their measurement method, e.g. Brinell hardness and Vickers hardness are different types of indentation hardness rather than different measures/quantification (GDC) of the materials property 'indentation hardness'. The 'unit idenifieres' of such properties (e.g. "HV1", "HV10", "HBW") are strictly speaking not units but rather references to the measurement methodology used to determine a numeric value that quantifies the property. Extensive properties that depend on the object being tested rather than on the portion of matter are (extensive) object- or system-properties.
a disposition of a portion of matter that is realized in a compatible process and whose realization is grounded in the portions intensive qualities
has super-classes
disposition c
has sub-classes
acoustic property c, containing magnetic species c, corrosion resistant c, electrical property c, hardenable c, magnetic property c, mechanical property c, optical property c, semiconductivity c, stiffness c, temporal property c, thermal property c

material reacting processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0025009

material reacting process has always energy minimization as a driving force.
Material reacting process is a process which occurs in a portion of matter due to some of its disposition or behavioral material property which has realization in some stimulating process. Both the material reacting process and stimulating process must be occurent parts of a planned process, if the planned process takes place.
is equivalent to
process c and (occurs in op some portion of matter c) and (in response to op some (disposition c or material property c) and (has realization op some stimulating process c))
has super-classes
process c
is disjoint with
planned process c

material specificationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0060007

A directive information entity that defines the composition, properties, performance criteria, and acceptable standards for a material, guiding its selection, processing, and application in a specific context.
has super-classes
directive information entity c

matrix rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000845

Matrix is the role of a 'PortionOfConnectedMatter' that implies to host the Filler.
has super-classes
role c
is disjoint with
filler role c, precipitate role c

measurement datumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000109

A measurement datum is an information content entity that is a recording of the output of a measurement such as produced by a device.
Source
OBI_0000305
group:OBI
Example 
Examples of measurement data are the recoding of the weight of a mouse as {40,mass,"grams"}, the recording of an observation of the behavior of the mouse {,process,"agitated"}, the recording of the expression level of a gene as measured through the process of microarray experiment {3.4,luminosity,}.
has super-classes
data item c
is in domain of
is quality measurement of op

measurement unit labelc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000003

A measurement unit label is as a label that is part of a scalar measurement datum and denotes a unit of measure.
Example 
Examples of measurement unit labels are liters, inches, weight per volume.
has super-classes
datum label c
has sub-classes
unit c
is in range of
has measurement unit label op

measuring functionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000847

A function performed to determine the magnitude, quantity, or extent of a physical property or condition.
has super-classes
function c
has sub-classes
dimension measuring function c, force measuring function c, pressure measuring function c, temperature measuring function c, thermal conductivity measuring function c

mechanical functionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000379

A mechanical function is a function that is realised via mechanical work (through an certain amount of energy transferred by some force).
Source
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_work
has super-classes
function c

mechanical processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000522

is a process in which forces, moments, or imposed displacements to objects or object aggregates occur and/or the equivalent (stresses, strains) to materials or portions of matter
has super-classes
process c

mechanical propertyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000848

The axiom that mechanical property has realization some application of mechanical load treats only conventional materials and not such effects as magnetostriction etc.
A mechanical property is a material property which is a characteristic of material M. Mechanical property has realization in a stimulating process (in most cases, application of mechanical load), and the stimulating process is an occurent part of another process, in which an object O that is an instance of M participates.
has super-classes
material property c
has sub-classes
hardness c, strength c

mechanical property analyzing processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000849

An assay that evaluates the mechanical characteristics of materials, such as strength, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties, often through tests that measure response to forces and loads.
has super-classes
assay c
has sub-classes
adhesion testing process c, bending testing process c, compression testing process c, creep testing process c, dynamic mechanical analysis process c, fatigue testing process c, fracture toughness testing process c, hardness testing process c, impact testing process c, nanoindentation process c, rheological property analyzing process c, scratch testing process c, shear testing process c, single fatigue testing process c, spalling testing process c, tensile testing process c, thermomechanical analysis process c, torsion testing process c, wear testing process c

medical application rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0010112

a role realized through the intentional interface with a biological system for the purpose of evaluating, treating, augmenting, or replacing any tissue, organ, or function of the body
has super-classes
role c

medium rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020114

Medium role is a role beared by an object which implies that the object serves as an intermediary for the transmission of something else, like energy, force, or information.
Example 
Air in the air cooling process, N2 atmosphere in a furnace cooling process, oil in a quenching process, crystal lattice in a solid state diffusion
has super-classes
role c

meitnerium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33361

has super-classes
metal atom c

melamine formaldehydec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050028

thermosetting aminoplast polymer synthesized via condensation
has super-classes
thermosetting polymer c

meltc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020139

is a fluid (object) with a disposition to realize a blank role in a manufacturing process
Example 
molten PLA in a 3D printing process
has super-classes
fluid (object) c

melting functionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000057

A heating function that, when realized, enables a device or system to initiate or sustain the phase transition of a solid material into a liquid by raising its temperature above the melting point.
Example 
The function of an induction coil in a furnace to heat metal until it melts.
has super-classes
heating function c

melting furnacec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000056

An electric arc furnace used in steelmaking.
A melting furnace is a device that bears a melting function, typically designed to raise the temperature of a solid material to initiate and sustain its transformation into a melt.
has super-classes
heat treatment device c

melting pointc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000851

The melting point is a state of matter boundary realized by transition form the solid state to the liquid state (or vice versa).
has super-classes
state of matter boundary c
is disjoint with
boiling point c, sublimation point c, triple point c

melting processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000053

a thermally induced change of aggregate state during which a solid material undergoes a phase transition into a liquid state. It involves the absorption of heat and occurs at or above the material's melting point.
Example 
The process of melting aluminum ingots in preparation for extrusion.
has super-classes
completely executed planned process c

mendelevium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33395

has super-classes
metal atom c

mercury atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25195

has super-classes
metal atom c

metalc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000852

A metal is an engineered material representing a class of materials characterized by high electrical and thermal conductivity, ductility, and metallic bonding.
has super-classes
has sub-classes
alloy c, ferrous metal c, non-ferrous metal c, precious metal c

metal atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33521

An atom of an element that exhibits typical metallic properties, being typically shiny, with high electrical and thermal conductivity.
has super-classes
atom c
has sub-classes
actinium atom c, aluminium atom c, americium atom c, barium atom c, berkelium atom c, beryllium atom c, bismuth atom c, bohrium atom c, cadmium atom c, caesium atom c, calcium atom c, californium atom c, chromium atom c, cobalt atom c, copernicium atom c, copper atom c, curium atom c, darmstadtium c, dubnium atom c, einsteinium atom c, fermium c, flerovium atom c, francium atom c, gallium atom c, gold atom c, hafnium atom c, hassium atom c, indium atom c, iridium atom c, iron atom c, lanthanoid atom c, lawrencium atom c, lead atom c, lithium atom c, magnesium atom c, manganese atom c, meitnerium atom c, mendelevium atom c, mercury atom c, molybdenum atom c, moscovium atom c, neptunium atom c, nickel atom c, nihonium atom c, niobium atom c, nobelium c, osmium atom c, palladium c, platinum c, plutonium atom c, polonium atom c, potassium atom c, protactinium atom c, radium atom c, rhenium atom c, rhodium atom c, roentgenium atom c, rubidium atom c, ruthenium atom c, rutherfordium atom c, scandium atom c, seaborgium atom c, silver atom c, sodium atom c, strontium atom c, tantalum atom c, technetium atom c, thallium atom c, thorium c, tin atom c, titanium atom c, tungsten c, uranium atom c, vanadium atom c, yttrium atom c, zinc atom c, zirconium atom c

metal matrix compositec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000120

composite consisting of a metal or alloy matrix and one or more reinforcement materials
has super-classes
composite c
has sub-classes
aluminum matrix composite c, cermet c, copper matrix composite c, magnesium matrix composite c, titanium matrix composite c

metallic bondc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050002

A metallic bond is a bond that forms between metal atoms, where electrons are shared in a "sea" of electrons that move freely around the metal ions. This type of bonding gives metals their characteristic properties such as conductivity and malleability.
Source
https://www.thoughtco.com/metallic-bond-definition-properties-and-examples-4117948
has super-classes
bond c

metallic grain structurec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0025003

ferrite, austenite, martensite, etc.
intensive quality epitomizing the distinct phases in the microscopic structure of a metallic material.
is equivalent to
specified by value op exactly 1 metallic grain structures c
has super-classes
intensive quality c
is disjoint with
ASTM grainsize c, aggregate state c, crystal structure c, defect density c, density c, crystallographic texture c, pressure c, specific surface area c, temperature c, porosity c, grain size distribution c, composition c

metallic grain structuresc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020023

The metallic grain structures is a categorical value specification that specifies value of the metallic grain structure quality. It describes the morphology of polycrystalline metallic materials. Polycrystalline metallic materials will typically form their grain structures as one of those categories or a transition or mixture state of those.
is equivalent to
{ bainite ni , austenite ni , ferrite ni , ledeburite ni , pearlite ni , widmanstatten structure ni , martensite ni }
has super-classes
categorical value specification c

metallographic section (embedded sample)c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020191

Typical dimensions of the round mountings are a diameter of 20-50 mm and a thickness of 10-20 mm.
A metallographic section (embedded sample) is an object that has two parts: a metallic object that has a metallographic section (surface) as part and the mounting which is produced during a hot embedding or cold embedding process.
has super-classes
object c

metallographic section (surface)c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020190

A surface layer (fiat object part) of an object which at the same time is a metal and the object is specified output of a planned process which describes the preparation of the surface.
has super-classes
surface layer (fiat object part) c
has sub-classes
macrosection (metallography) c

metalloid atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_137980

An atom of an element that exhibits properties that are between those of metals and nonmetals, or that has a mixture of them. The term generally includes boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium, while carbon, aluminium, selenium, polonium, and astatine are less commonly included.
has super-classes
atom c
has sub-classes
antimony atom c, arsenic atom c, boron atom c, germanium atom c, silicon atom c, tellurium atom c

metastable phasec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020149

The stability of a phase can only be evaluated in the context of a (possibly unknown) phase transformation process.
A metastable phase phase_trans is a phase that has a "pmd:disposition of a phase to transform" disp_trans and disp_trans is realized in a "pmd:phase transformation" proc_trans and proc_trans has participant sys_trans and sys_trans has part phase_trans.
has super-classes
phase (thermodynamic) c
is disjoint with
stable phase c

microconstituent (phase mixture)c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020160

In metallography the term phase is sometimes used to denote microconstituents. To avoid confusion, the term phase should only be used for thermodynamic phases.
A portion of matter that has one or more thermodynamic phases arranged in a characteristic spatial configuration (morphology) as parts.
Example 
Pearlite is a microconstituent that has as parts the thermodynamic phases ferrite (α-Fe) and cementite (Fe3C) as parts. The characteristic spatial arrangement is in that case the lamellar orientation of the phases.

Martensite is a microconstituent that has as part the thermodynamic ferrite phase with characteristic morphologies and chemistry. Its presence and amount is governed by the processing path and kinetics.
has super-classes
portion of matter c

micrometer gaugec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000854

A measuring device for making precise measurements having a spindle moved by a finely threaded screw.
Source
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/micrometer%20caliper
has super-classes
device c

microscopec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000855

A device used to magnify and view small objects or details that are not visible to the naked eye.
has super-classes
device c
has sub-classes
atomic force microscope c, electron microscope c, ion microscope c, optical microscope c

microscopy processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000856

Microscopy process that uses various types of microscopy techniques to visualize and analyze the microstructure and morphology of materials at different scales.
Example 
Electron microscopy, which provides detailed images at high resolution; ion microscopy, which offers high-precision imaging and material milling capabilities; and optical microscopy, which uses visible light to study e.g. the microstructure of materials.
has super-classes
assay c
has sub-classes
electron microscopy c, ion microscopy c, optical microscopy c

microstructurec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000857

The focus of interest when looking at an object through the microstructure perspective is often its morphology.
A microstructure is a portion of matter that represents the small-scale structure of a material, including grains, phases, and defects, visible under a microscope.
has super-classes
portion of matter c

microtomec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000858

A Microtome is a Measuring Device that cuts extremely thin slices of material, often for examination under a microscope.
has super-classes
device c

milling machinec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000859

A milling machine is a forming machine that performs machining operations to remove material from a workpiece using rotary cutters.
has super-classes
forming machine c

mineralc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000127

A mineral is a naturally occurring material characterized by a defined chemical composition and a specific crystal structure, formed through natural geological or biological processes.
has super-classes
material c
has sub-classes
biogenic mineral c, geogenic mineral c

mixed dislocationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020236

a dislocation that spans edge dislocation as well as screw dislocation
is equivalent to
screw dislocation c and edge dislocation c
has super-classes
edge dislocation c, screw dislocation c

mixingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000778

A material processing with the objective to combine two or more material entities as input into a single material entity as output.
Example 
Mixing two fluids. Adding salt into water.
has super-classes
manufacturing process c

mixture boundaryc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020169

A mixture boundary is a phase boundary that is realized by the transition from one phase to another phase in a system involving also chemical variations.
has super-classes
phase boundary (realization) c
is disjoint with
state of matter boundary c, structural boundary c, magnetic boundary c

modellingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0200008

A primary shaping from the plastic state process in which a manually workable plastic mass (such as clay, wax, plastiline or gypsum paste) is shaped directly by hand and simple tools into a final or intermediate geometry and subsequently hardened, dried or fired to obtain a solid body.
Example 
Hand modelling of clay prior to firing (e.g. pottery, sculptures); modelling of wax or plasticine for casting patterns.
has super-classes
primary shaping from the plastic state c

Mohs hardnessc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000861

Scalar scratch hardness scale used to rank materials based on their ability to scratch one another.
has super-classes
scratch hardness c

molar proportionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020103

Molar proportion is the proportion which quantifies the entities count of the part in relation to the entities count of the whole.
Example 
The molar ratio of hydrogen gas H2 molecules to water H2O molecules is 1/1 in the oxyhydrogen reaction. The molar ratio of oxygen molecules O2 to water molecules is 2/1.
The molar ratio of carbon dioxide to average atmosphere air is 420 ppm as of 2022 AD.
has super-classes
proportion c
has sub-classes
amount of substance c
is disjoint with
mass proportion c, volume proportion c

mole fractionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UO_0000076

has super-classes
mole fraction based unit c
is also defined as
named individual

mole fraction based unitc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UO_1000076

has super-classes
unit c
has sub-classes
mole fraction c

molecular entityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23367

Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity.
has super-classes
chemical entity c
has sub-classes
aluminium oxide c, argon atom c, calcium oxide c, diboron trioxide c, fluoride c, helium atom c, hydrogen atom c, krypton atom c, lead oxide c, macromolecule c, neon atom c, oganesson atom c, radon atom c, silicon dioxide c, sodium hydroxide c, tetraphosphorus decaoxide c, xenon atom c

molybdenum atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28685

has super-classes
metal atom c

monte carlo simulationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000862

A simulation process that uses random sampling to solve physical and mathematical problems.
Example 
Predicting the diffusion behavior of atoms in a metal at high temperatures.
has super-classes
simulation process c
has sub-classes
atomistic monte carlo simulation c

moscovium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_194535

A pnictogen atom with a symbol Mc and atomic number 115.
has super-classes
metal atom c

mouldc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000075

A device consisting of a hollowed-out cavity that shapes fluid or plastic material into a specific form through the process of solidification or cooling.
has super-classes
device c

mullite ceramicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050047

aluminosilicate ceramic known for its excellent high-temperature stability
has super-classes
aluminosilicate ceramic c

multimodal deep learningc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000865

A deep learning process that integrates and processes data from multiple modalities (e.g., text, images, and audio) to improve performance and gain a more comprehensive understanding.
Example 
Combining microscopy images and spectroscopic data to predict the properties of new materials more accurately.
has super-classes
deep learning c

multiscale simulationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000866

A simulation process that integrates models at different scales to study a system's behavior.
Example 
Studying the interaction between microstructural and macroscopic properties in metallic alloys.
has super-classes
simulation process c
has sub-classes
coarse grained simulation c

nanoindentation processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000867

A mechanical property analyzing processs that measures the hardness and elastic modulus of materials at the nanoscale using a sharp indenter.
Example 
Nanoindentation of thin films to evaluate their mechanical properties for use in microelectronic devices.
has super-classes
mechanical property analyzing process c

natural ceramicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050040

ceramic that is produced using conventional methods with natural raw materials such as clay and silica
is equivalent to
ceramic c and (is specified output of op some conventional ceramics manufacturing c)
has super-classes
ceramic c
has sub-classes
earthenware c, non-clay ceramic c, porcelain c, stoneware c

natural fiber compositec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0090011

polymer matrix composite, consisting of a polymer matrix reinforced with fibers derived from biological sources
has super-classes
polymer matrix composite c

natural organic materialc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000868

Natural organic materials are materials derived from natural biological sources, primarily composed of carbon-based compounds.
is equivalent to
material c and (has quality op some organic composition c) and (output of op some biological process c or geological process c)
has super-classes
material c

natural rubberc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050031

elastomer polymer, and a biopolymer harvested as plant latex; consisting of cis-1,4-polyisoprene chains; typically sulfur-vulcanized to create crosslinks between chains
has super-classes
elastomer c

nature constantc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020098

A nature constant is a generically dependent continuant whose value, maginitude or configuration is determined by nature including physics and mathematics.
Example 
Examples of nature constants are the speed of light, pi, etc.
has super-classes
generically dependent continuant c

neodymium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33372

has super-classes
lanthanoid atom c

neon atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33310

has super-classes
molecular entity c, nonmetal atom c

neptunium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33387

has super-classes
metal atom c

nickel alloyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020188

non-ferrous metal consisting primarily of nickel combined with other elements
has super-classes
alloy c, non-ferrous metal c

nickel atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28112

Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.
has super-classes
metal atom c

nihonium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_194533

A boron group element atom with a symbol Nh and atomic number 113.
has super-classes
metal atom c

niobium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33344

has super-classes
metal atom c

nitride ceramicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050067

non-oxide ceramic consisting of a metal and nitrogen
has super-classes
non-oxide ceramic c
has sub-classes
aluminum nitride ceramic c, boron nitride ceramic c, silicon nitride ceramic c

nitrile butadiene rubberc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050034

synthetic rubber that belongs to a family of synthetic acrylonitrile–butadiene copolymer elastomers
Example 
 it is widely used in oil/fuel resistance applicaitons such as seals, fuel hoses, and protective gloves
has super-classes
synthetic rubber c

nitrogen atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25555

has super-classes
nonmetal atom c

nobeliumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33396

has super-classes
metal atom c

non-clay ceramicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050049

natural ceramic that is formed from raw materials other than clay
has super-classes
natural ceramic c
has sub-classes
fritted ceramic c
is disjoint with
clay-based ceramic c

non-ferrous metalc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0010007

metals or alloys that do not contain iron (allotropes of iron, ferrite, and so on) in appreciable amounts.
has super-classes
metal c
has sub-classes
aluminium alloy c, copper alloy c, nickel alloy c, titanium alloy c, zinc alloy c

non-oxide ceramicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050062

ceramic consisting primarily of non-oxide elements
has super-classes
ceramic c
has sub-classes
boride ceramic c, carbide ceramic c, nitride ceramic c, silicide ceramic c

non-oxide compositec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050078

ceramic matrix composite that consists of non-oxide ceramic phases (typically carbides, nitrides, or borides) for both the matrix and the reinforcement
Example 
Silicon Carbide (SiC) Matrix Composite; Carbon-Carbon (C/C) Composite
has super-classes
ceramic matrix composite c
has sub-classes
carbon-silicon carbide composite c, silicon carbide matrix composite c

non-silicate glassc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050113

glass whose primary glass‑forming network is not based on SiO₂
has super-classes
glass c
has sub-classes
borate glass c, chalcogenide glass c, germanate glass c, phosphate glass c

nonlinear optical glassc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050140

optical glass that is engineered to display nonlinear optical responses under intense light
is equivalent to
optical glass c and (has characteristic op some nonlinear optical property c)
has super-classes
optical glass c
has sub-classes
tellurite glass c

nonlinear optical propertyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000107

Optical property that is dependent on the intensity of the input light.
has super-classes
optical property c

nonmetal atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25585

has super-classes
atom c
has sub-classes
argon atom c, astatine atom c, boron atom c, bromine atom c, carbon atom c, chlorine atom c, fluorine atom c, germanium atom c, helium atom c, hydrogen atom c, iodine atom c, krypton atom c, neon atom c, nitrogen atom c, oganesson atom c, oxygen atom c, phosphorus atom c, radon atom c, selenium atom c, silicon atom c, sulfur atom c, tennessine atom c, xenon atom c

notchc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020203

A notch is a site that consists of a geometric surface feature of an object characterized by a strong local change in shape or cross-section.
has super-classes
site c
is disjoint with
crack c, pore c

novolac epoxyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050025

epoxy resin that is based on novolac resins to provide improved thermal and chemical resistance
has super-classes
epoxy resin c

objectc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000030

(Elucidation) An object is a material entity which manifests causal unity & is of a type instances of which are maximal relative to the sort of causal unity manifested
Example 
An organism; a fish tank; a planet; a laptop; a valve; a block of marble; an ice cube
has super-classes
material entity c
has sub-classes
bar c, billet c, coil (coiled sheet) c, crystal c, device c, fluid (object) c, foil c, ingot c, metallographic section (embedded sample) c, pipe c, plate c, profile (semi finished product) c, rod c, sheet c, tensile testpiece c, tube c, wire (semi finished product) c

object aggregatec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000027

(Elucidation) An object aggregate is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality (≥1) of objects as member parts which together form a unit
Example 
The aggregate of the musicians in a symphony orchestra and their instruments; the aggregate of bearings in a constant velocity axle joint; the nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere; a collection of cells in a blood biobank
has super-classes
material entity c
has sub-classes
atomic structure c, component c, connected material entity aggregate c, disconnected material entity aggregate c, lot c, technical system c, thermodynamic system c

objective specificationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000005

A directive information entity that describes an intended process endpoint. When part of a plan specification the concretization is realized in a planned process in which the bearer tries to effect the world so that the process endpoint is achieved.
Source
OBI Plan and Planned Process/Roles Branch
OBI_0000217
Example 
In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction.
has super-classes
directive information entity c
is in range of
achieves_planned_objective op

obsolete planned processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000011

A process that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification.
Source
branch derived
Is deprecated
true
Example 
Injecting mice with a vaccine in order to test its efficacy

obstacle rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020025

An obstacle role is a role of an independent continuant C that is realized in a motion process and indictes that C hinders the motion of a participant in the process.
Example 
A precipitate or grain boundary may hinder the motion of a dislocation.
has super-classes
role c

occurrentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000003

(Elucidation) An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the start or end of such an entity or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region
Example 
As for process, history, process boundary, spatiotemporal region, zero-dimensional temporal region, one-dimensional temporal region, temporal interval, temporal instant.
has super-classes
entity c
has sub-classes
process c, process attribute c, process boundary c, spatiotemporal region c, temporal region c
is in domain of
has occurrent part op, has participant op, has proper occurrent part op, has proper temporal part op, has temporal part op, occurrent part of op, preceded by op, precedes op, proper occurrent part of op, proper temporal part of op, temporal part of op
is in range of
has occurrent part op, has proper occurrent part op, has proper temporal part op, has temporal part op, occurrent part of op, participates in op, preceded by op, precedes op, proper occurrent part of op, proper temporal part of op, temporal part of op
is disjoint with
continuant c

oganesson atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_194541

A p-block element atom with a symbol Og and atomic number 118.
has super-classes
molecular entity c, nonmetal atom c

one-dimensional spatial regionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000026

(Elucidation) A one-dimensional spatial region is a whole consisting of a line together with zero or more lines which may have points as parts
Example 
An edge of a cube-shaped portion of space; a line connecting two points; two parallel lines extended in space
has super-classes
spatial region c
is disjoint with
two-dimensional spatial region c, zero-dimensional spatial region c, three-dimensional spatial region c

one-dimensional temporal regionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000038

(Elucidation) A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is a whole that has a temporal interval and zero or more temporal intervals and temporal instants as parts
Example 
The temporal region during which a process occurs
has super-classes
temporal region c
has sub-classes
temporal interval c
is disjoint with
zero-dimensional temporal region c

optical glassc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050118

glass manufactured for optical components
Example 
e.g., lenses, prisms, mirrors
is equivalent to
glass c and (has characteristic op some optical property c)
has super-classes
glass c
has sub-classes
chalcogenide glass c, crown glass c, flint glass c, fused silica glass c, nonlinear optical glass c

optical microscopec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000874

A microscope that uses visible light and lenses to magnify and view small objects or details.
has super-classes
microscope c

optical microscopyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000875

A microscopy process that uses visible light and lenses to magnify and image a specimen, widely used for examining the microstructure and morphology of materials.
Example 
An example is Light Microscopy.
has super-classes
microscopy process c
has sub-classes
light microscopy c

optical profilometerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000876

An optical profilometer is a surface profilometer that measures surface profiles and roughness by analyzing the interference patterns of light reflected from a specimen's surface.
has super-classes
surface profilometer c

optical propertyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000877

An optical property is a material property representing the characteristics that describe how a material interacts with light, including reflection, refraction, and absorption.
has super-classes
material property c
has sub-classes
dispersion c, nonlinear optical property c, reflectivity c, refraction (optical) c

optical property analyzing processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000878

An assay that assesses the optical characteristics of materials, such as refractive index, absorption, transmission, reflectivity, and luminescence.
has super-classes
assay c

order scalec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020220

characteristic length over which structural correlations persist in a material
is equivalent to
specified by value op exactly 1 order scale value c
has super-classes
intensive quality c

order scale valuec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020216

possible values of characteristic length over which structural correlations persist in a material
is equivalent to
{ short range order ni , medium range order ni , long range order ni , no range order ni }
has super-classes
categorical value specification c

organic compositionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0010026

A composition characterized by a primary molecular structure of carbon atoms covalently bonded to hydrogen (C-H bonds), typically forming linear, branched, or networked chains.
has super-classes
composition c

organic semiconductorc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0010102

semiconductor which consists of organic (carbon based) molecules or polymer
has super-classes
semiconductor c

organizationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000245

An entity that can bear roles, has members, and has a set of organization rules. Members of organizations are either organizations themselves or individual people. Members can bear specific organization member roles that are determined in the organization rules. The organization rules also determine how decisions are made on behalf of the organization by the organization members.
Source
GROUP: OBI
Example 
PMID: 16353909.AAPS J. 2005 Sep 22;7(2):E274-80. Review. The joint food and agriculture organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives and its role in the evaluation of the safety of veterinary drug residues in foods.
has super-classes
material entity c

osmium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30687

has super-classes
metal atom c

outer diameterc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0025017

Outer diameter is a length of a straight line from one outer surface of an object or space to the other side of its outer surface through the center of an object or space when it has the inside and outside surface.
has super-classes
diameter c

output assignmentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000067

Output assignment is a process boundary which is part of a computing process and which connects a material entity or i.c.e as output to the computing process
has super-classes

output specificationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000015

A parameter specification that prescribes a data item intended to be produced as output by the execution of a workflow function.
has super-classes
parameter specification c

oxide ceramicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050055

ceramic consisting primarily of metal oxide
has super-classes
ceramic c
has sub-classes
alumina ceramic c, barium titanate ceramic c, beryllia ceramic c, bismuth strontium calcium copper oxide ceramic c, hydroxyapatite ceramic c, lead zirconate titanate ceramic c, magnesia ceramic c, silicate ceramic c, titania ceramic c, yttrium barium copper oxide ceramic c, zirconia ceramic c

oxide-oxide compositec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050075

ceramic matrix composite that consists entirely of oxide ceramic phases for both the matrix and reinforcement
Example 
aluminum oxide composites
has super-classes
ceramic matrix composite c
has sub-classes
alumina matrix composite c, zirconia matrix composite c

oxygen atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25805

has super-classes
chalcogen c, nonmetal atom c

pair of scissorsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000923

A tool with two sharp blades that are brought together by pressure on the handles to cut paper, fabric, or other materials.
has super-classes

palladiumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33363

Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.
has super-classes
metal atom c

palladium metalc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0010018

precious metal consisting primarily of palladium
has super-classes
precious metal c

parameter specificationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000013

A directive information entity that specifies a parameter required or produced by a workflow function, including its intended role, position, and constraints.
has super-classes
has sub-classes
input specification c, output specification c

parent phase rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020158

The parent phase role is the role of a phase that dissolves during the phase transformation process. As such, the bearer is a metastable phase.
has super-classes
role c
is disjoint with
daughter phase role c

peritectic phase transformationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020156

It is marked on phase diagrams by a peritectic point and proceeds by an interfacial, diffusion‑controlled reaction that is often kinetically sluggish, leading to incomplete transformation or complex microstructures during solidification.
A peritectic phase transformation is a phase transformation in which a liquid parent phase and an existing solid phase react on cooling to form a different solid phase (L + α → β).
has super-classes
phase transformation c

phase (thermodynamic)c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020000

A thermodynamic phase is a material entity that forms a homogeneous portion of matter within a thermodynamic system and is characterized by uniform thermodynamic properties.
has super-classes
material entity c
has sub-classes
metastable phase c, stable phase c

phase boundary (realization)c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000882

A phase boundary is a realizable entity that is realized by the transition between distinct phases.
has super-classes
realizable entity c
has sub-classes
magnetic boundary c, mixture boundary c, state of matter boundary c, structural boundary c

phase boundary (spatial)c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020171

A fiat surface separating one phase from another phase.
Example 
The phase boundary between liquid and the gaseous phase in a tank. 
The phase boundary between Fe3C and Fe of a pearlite lamellae.
has super-classes
fiat surface c

phase transformationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020136

The number of phases involved can vary as well as the mechanisms involved can be different.
A thermodynamic phase transformation is a process in/of a thermodynamic system, that involves the transformation of phases of the system to other phases.
has super-classes
process c
has sub-classes
change of aggregate state c, eutectic phase transformation c, eutectoid phase transformation c, peritectic phase transformation c, precipitation (phase) c, spinodal decomposition c

phenol-formaldehyde resinc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050027

phenolic resin that is synthesized from phenol and formaldehyde
has super-classes
phenolic resin c

phenolic resinc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050026

thermosetting polymer synthesized via condensation of phenol and formaldehyde
has super-classes
thermosetting polymer c
has sub-classes
phenol-formaldehyde resin c

phosphate glassc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050114

non‑silicate glass based primarily on phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅)
has super-classes
non-silicate glass c
has sub-classes
phosphate-based bioactive glass c

phosphate-based bioactive glassc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050147

phosphate glass that is bioactive and composed predominantly of phosphate compounds
has super-classes
bioactive glass c, phosphate glass c

phosphorus atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28659

has super-classes
nonmetal atom c

photochemical processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000883

A changing properties of material process in which light, typically ultraviolet (UV) light is used to trigger chemical reactions. In the printing industry and some additive manufacturing methods, this light exposure is used to harden photoresists or cure inks and resins. The process relies on the specific wavelengths of light to initiate chemical changes in the material.
Example 
Exposure
has super-classes
changing properties of material c

photochromic glassc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050129

functional glass that alters its optical properties in response to exposure to light
has super-classes
functional glass c

physical simulationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000884

A simulation method specification describing the use of computational or experimental methods to replicate physical behaviors or processes under defined conditions.
has super-classes
simulation method specification c

pipec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020181

A tube is a long object with a hollow section and pronounced wall thickness that may bear a semi finished product role. At the same time it may be a material.
has super-classes
object c
is disjoint with
fluid (object) c, ingot c, sheet c, billet c, foil c, coil (coiled sheet) c, plate c, bar c, rod c, wire (semi finished product) c, tube c, profile (semi finished product) c

planc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000260

A plan is a realizable entity that is the inheres in a bearer who is committed to realizing it as a completely executed planned process.
Source
branch derived
Example 
The plan of researcher X to perform an experiment according to a protocol.
has super-classes
realizable entity c

plan specificationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000104

A directive information entity with action specifications and objective specifications as parts, and that may be concretized as a realizable entity that, if realized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives by taking the actions specified.
2/3/2009 Comment from OBI review. Action specification not well enough specified. Conditional specification not well enough specified. Question whether all plan specifications have objective specifications. Request that IAO either clarify these or change definitions not to use them
Source
OBI Plan and Planned Process branch
OBI_0000344
Example 
PMID: 18323827.Nat Med. 2008 Mar;14(3):226.New plan proposed to help resolve conflicting medical advice.
has super-classes
directive information entity c
has sub-classes
recipe c, simulation method specification c, software c, workflow definition c

planned processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/COB_0000082

A process that is initiated by an agent who intends to carry out a plan to achieve an objective through one or more actions as described in a plan specification.
has super-classes
process c
has sub-classes
completely executed planned process c, determination if assay will provide reliable results c, failed planned process c, test piece preparation process c
is disjoint with
material reacting process c

platec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020176

A plate is a thick rectangular object that may bear a semi finished product role. At the same time it may be a material.
has super-classes
object c
is disjoint with
fluid (object) c, ingot c, sheet c, billet c, foil c, coil (coiled sheet) c, bar c, rod c, wire (semi finished product) c, tube c, pipe c, profile (semi finished product) c

platinumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33364

has super-classes
metal atom c

platinum metalc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0010017

precious metal consisting primarily of platinum
has super-classes
precious metal c

plutonium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33388

has super-classes
metal atom c

pole figurec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000885

A pole figure is a map depicting a 2D stereographic projection which represents crystallographic orientations of grains in a polycrystalline material in respect to the sample's reference frame.
has super-classes

polishing machinec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000886

A polishing machine is a forming machine that smooths the surface of a material by rubbing it with a tool, abrasive, or chemical.
has super-classes
forming machine c

polonium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33313

A radioactive metallic element discovered in 1898 by Marie Sklodowska Curie and named after her home country, Poland (Latin <em>Polonia</em>).
has super-classes
chalcogen c, metal atom c

polybutylene succinatec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050039

biodegradable thermoplastic polymer polyester that is synthesized via the polycondensation of succinic acid and 1,4-butanediol
has super-classes
biodegradable polymers c, thermoplastic polymer c

polychloroprenc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0090053

synthetic rubber that belongs to the family of synthetic elastomeric rubbers; synthesised typically through emulsion polymerization of chloroprene
Example 
 it is widely used in gaskets and wetsuits.
has super-classes
synthetic rubber c

polycrystalc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020106

A polycrystal is a connected material entity aggregate that consists of multiple crystal grains joined through crystallographic interfaces.
has super-classes
connected material entity aggregate c

polyethylenec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050005

poylethylen is a thermoplastic polymer produced by polymerization of the monomer ethylene including further crosslinking and modifications using other comonomers; it excludes ultra hight molecular polyethylen
has super-classes
thermoplastic polymer c
has sub-classes
high-density polyethylene c, linear low-density polyethylene c, low-density polyethylene c

polyethylene terephthalatec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050019

thermoplastic polymer produced by polycondensation of ethylene glycol and terephthalate precursors
has super-classes
thermoplastic polymer c
has sub-classes
amorphous polyethylene terephthalate c, crystalline polyethylene terephthalate c

polyhydroxyalkanoatesc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050038

polyhydroxyalkanoates are biodegradable polymers that are biosynthesized by microorganisms from sugars or lipids
has super-classes
polymer c

polylactic acidc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050037

biodegradable thermoplastic polymer produced from renewable resources such as corn starch
has super-classes
biodegradable polymers c, thermoplastic polymer c

polymerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000888

A polymer is an engineered material that consists of many repeated subunits (monomers) to form long chains. The atoms within a polymer chain are bonded together by covalent bonds. The intermolecular forces between polymer chains are typically represented by van der waals forces and hydrogen bonds.
is equivalent to
material c and (output of op some polymerization c)
has super-classes
material c
has sub-classes
biodegradable polymers c, biopolymer c, elastomer c, polyhydroxyalkanoates c, thermoplastic polymer c, thermosetting polymer c

polymer matrix compositec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000121

composite consisting of a polymer matrix and one or more reinforcement materials
has super-classes
composite c
has sub-classes
aramid fiber composite c, carbon fiber reinforced polymer c, glass fiber reinforced polymer c, natural fiber composite c

polymerisation monomerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74236

Any compound used as a monomer for a polymerisation process. The term is generally used in relation to industrial polymerisation processes.
has super-classes
role c

polymerizationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0010033

The chemical process of reacting monomers, oligomers, or reactive precursors together to form longer macromolecular chains or three-dimensional networks
has super-classes
process c

polymorphism of crystalc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020212

stable structure depends on pressure and temperature
disposition of a crystal to change its crystal structure
has super-classes
disposition c
has sub-classes
allotropy of an elemental crystal c

polypropylenec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050009

thermoplastic polymer produced by polymerization of the monomer propylene including further crosslinking and modifications using other comonomers
has super-classes
thermoplastic polymer c
has sub-classes
atactic polypropylene c, isotactic polypropylene c, syndiotactic polypropylene c

polystyrenec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050016

thermoplastic polymer produced by polymerization of the aromatic hydrocarbon styrene
has super-classes
thermoplastic polymer c
has sub-classes
general purpose polystyrene c, high impact polystyrene c

polyurethane macromoleculec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53284

A homopolymer macromolecule composed of units connected by carbamate (-O-CO-NH-) linkages.
has super-classes
macromolecule c

polyvinyl chloridec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050013

thermoplastic polymer produced by polymerization of the monomer vinyl chloride
has super-classes
thermoplastic polymer c
has sub-classes
flexible polyvinyl chloride c, rigid polyvinyl chloride c

porcelainc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050045

natural ceramic that is clay-bsed, distinguished by its translucency, strength, and refined appearance
has super-classes
natural ceramic c

porec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020204

A pore is a site that consists of a cavity located within the bulk of a material entity.
has super-classes
site c
is disjoint with
crack c, notch c

pore growthc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000889

Pore growth is an evolution of damage describing the process by which voids or pores in a material increase in size, often affecting its mechanical and physical properties.
has super-classes
evolution of damage c
is disjoint with
crack growth c, structural and chemical decay c

porosityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020005

itensive quality embodiying the fraction of the materials (enclosing) spatial region occupied by pores.
has super-classes
intensive quality c
is disjoint with
ASTM grainsize c, aggregate state c, crystal structure c, defect density c, density c, crystallographic texture c, pressure c, specific surface area c, temperature c, grain size distribution c, composition c, metallic grain structure c

portion of aluminiumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020071

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only aluminium atoms.
A 'portion of aluminium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:aluminium atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only aluminium atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of antimonyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020045

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only antimony atoms.
A 'portion of antimony' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:antimony atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only antimony atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of argonc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020041

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only argon atoms.
A 'portion of argon' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:argon atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only argon atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of arsenicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020079

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only arsenic atoms.
A 'portion of arsenic' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:arsenic atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only arsenic atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of bariumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020043

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only barium atoms.
A 'portion of barium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:barium atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only barium atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of berylliumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020080

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only beryllium atoms.
A 'portion of beryllium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:beryllium atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only beryllium atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of bismuthc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020062

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only bismuth atoms.
A 'portion of bismuth' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:bismuth atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only bismuth atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of bohriumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020055

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only bohrium atoms.
A 'portion of bohrium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:bohrium atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only bohrium atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of boronc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020048

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only boron atoms.
A 'portion of boron' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:boron atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only boron atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of brominec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020087

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only bromine atoms.
A 'portion of bromine' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:bromine atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only bromine atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of cadmiumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020042

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only cadmium atoms.
A 'portion of cadmium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:cadmium atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only cadmium atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of caesiumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020074

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only caesium atoms.
A 'portion of caesium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:caesium atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only caesium atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of calciumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020081

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only calcium atoms.
A 'portion of calcium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:calcium atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only calcium atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of carbonc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020030

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only carbon atoms.
A 'portion of carbon' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:carbon atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only carbon atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of ceriumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020058

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only cerium atoms.
A 'portion of cerium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:cerium.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only cerium c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of chlorinec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020075

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only chlorine atoms.
A 'portion of chlorine' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:chlorine atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only chlorine atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of chromiumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020029

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only chromium atoms.
A 'portion of chromium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:chromium atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only chromium atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of cobaltc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020039

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only cobalt atoms.
A 'portion of cobalt' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:cobalt atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only cobalt atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of copperc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020054

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only copper atoms.
A 'portion of copper' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:copper atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only copper atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of erbiumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020033

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only erbium atoms.
A 'portion of erbium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:erbium.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only erbium c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of fluorinec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020056

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only fluorine atoms.
A 'portion of fluorine' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:fluorine atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only fluorine atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of galliumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020086

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only gallium atoms.
A 'portion of gallium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:gallium atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only gallium atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of germaniumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020031

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only germanium atoms.
A 'portion of germanium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:germanium atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only germanium atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of goldc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020040

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only gold atoms.
A 'portion of gold' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:gold atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only gold atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of hafniumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020089

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only hafnium atoms.
A 'portion of hafnium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:hafnium atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only hafnium atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of heliumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020049

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only helium atoms.
A 'portion of helium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:helium atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only helium atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of hydrogenc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020083

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only hydrogen atoms.
A 'portion of hydrogen' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:hydrogen atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only hydrogen atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of indiumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020028

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only indium atoms.
A 'portion of indium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:indium atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only indium atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of iodinec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020073

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only iodine atoms.
A 'portion of iodine' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:iodine atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only iodine atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of iridiumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020085

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only iridium atoms.
A 'portion of iridium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:iridium atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only iridium atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of ironc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020026

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only Iron atoms.
A 'portion of iron' is a 'Poriton Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:iron atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only iron atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of kryptonc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020061

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only krypton atoms.
A 'portion of krypton' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:krypton atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only krypton atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of lanthanumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0025015

'portion of pure chemical element' and 'has part' only CHEBI:33336
A portion of lanthanum is a portion of pure substance that has parts only chebi:lanthanum atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only lanthanum atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of leadc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020060

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only lead atoms.
A 'portion of lead' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:lead atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only lead atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of lithiumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020037

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only lithium atoms.
A 'portion of lithium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:lithium atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only lithium atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of magnesiumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020067

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only magnesium atoms.
A 'portion of magnesium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:magnesium atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only magnesium atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of manganesec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020078

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only manganese atoms.
A 'portion of manganese' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:manganese atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only manganese atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of matterc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000001

It is also representing a distinct physical or conceptual part of a material or substance. The open energy ontology OEO defines portion of matter as a subclass of object aggregate, which implies countability. Our portion is not (precisely) countable and thus bearer of intensive properties.
A material entity that is not demarcated by any physical discontinuities. At some finer level of granularity it is an object aggregate, at some coarser level of granularity it is a fiat object part,but at this level of granularity it is neither.
has super-classes
material entity c
has sub-classes
chemical substance c, microconstituent (phase mixture) c, microstructure c, solution c

portion of mercuryc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020069

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only mercury atoms.
A 'portion of mercury' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:mercury atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only mercury atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of molybdenumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020034

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only molybdenum atoms.
A 'portion of molybdenum' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:molybdenum atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only molybdenum atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of neodymiumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020082

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only neodymium atoms.
A 'portion of neodymium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:neodymium atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only neodymium atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of neonc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020063

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only neon atoms.
A 'portion of neon' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:neon atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only neon atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of nickelc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020051

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only nickel atoms.
A 'portion of nickel' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:nickel atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only nickel atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of niobiumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020035

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only niobium atoms.
A 'portion of niobium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:niobium atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only niobium atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of nitrogenc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020038

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only nitrogen atoms.
A 'portion of nitrogen' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:nitrogen atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only nitrogen atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of osmiumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020084

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only osmium atoms.
A 'portion of osmium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:osmium atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only osmium atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of oxygenc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020091

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only oxygen atoms.
A 'portion of oxygen' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:oxygen atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only oxygen atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of palladiumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020092

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only palladium atoms.
A 'portion of palladium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:palladium.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only palladium c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of phosphorusc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020047

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only phosphorus atoms.
A 'portion of phosphorus' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:phosphorus atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only phosphorus atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of platinumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020057

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only platinum atoms.
A 'portion of platinum' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:platinum.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only platinum c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of potassiumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020046

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only potassium atoms.
A 'portion of potassium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:potassium atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only potassium atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of pure chemical elementc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020140

A portion of pure chemical element is a pure substance composed of multiple atoms, which are all of the same kind.
has super-classes
pure substance c
has sub-classes
portion of aluminium c, portion of antimony c, portion of argon c, portion of arsenic c, portion of barium c, portion of beryllium c, portion of bismuth c, portion of bohrium c, portion of boron c, portion of bromine c, portion of cadmium c, portion of caesium c, portion of calcium c, portion of carbon c, portion of cerium c, portion of chlorine c, portion of chromium c, portion of cobalt c, portion of copper c, portion of erbium c, portion of fluorine c, portion of gallium c, portion of germanium c, portion of gold c, portion of hafnium c, portion of helium c, portion of hydrogen c, portion of indium c, portion of iodine c, portion of iridium c, portion of iron c, portion of krypton c, portion of lanthanum c, portion of lead c, portion of lithium c, portion of magnesium c, portion of manganese c, portion of mercury c, portion of molybdenum c, portion of neodymium c, portion of neon c, portion of nickel c, portion of niobium c, portion of nitrogen c, portion of osmium c, portion of oxygen c, portion of palladium c, portion of phosphorus c, portion of platinum c, portion of potassium c, portion of rhenium c, portion of rhodium c, portion of ruthenium c, portion of samarium c, portion of scandium c, portion of selenium c, portion of silicon c, portion of silver c, portion of sodium c, portion of sulfur c, portion of tantalum c, portion of tellurium c, portion of thallium c, portion of tin c, portion of titanium c, portion of tungsten c, portion of uranium c, portion of vanadium c, portion of xenon c, portion of yttrium c, portion of zinc c, portion of zirconium c

portion of rheniumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020036

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only rhenium atoms.
A 'portion of rhenium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:rhenium atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only rhenium atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of rhodiumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0010020

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only rhodium atoms.
A 'portion of rhodium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:rhodium atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only rhodium atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of rutheniumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020066

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only ruthenium atoms.
A 'portion of ruthenium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:ruthenium atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only ruthenium atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of samariumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020077

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only samarium atoms.
A 'portion of samarium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:samarium atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only samarium atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of scandiumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020094

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only scandium atoms.
A 'portion of scandium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:scandium atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only scandium atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of seleniumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020065

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only selenium atoms.
A 'portion of selenium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:selenium atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only selenium atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of siliconc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020050

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only silicon atoms.
A 'portion of silicon' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:silicon atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has disposition op some semiconductivity c) and (has part op only silicon atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of silverc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020076

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only silver atoms.
A 'portion of silver' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:silver atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only silver atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of sodiumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020072

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only sodium atoms.
A 'portion of sodium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:sodium atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only sodium atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of sulfurc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020059

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only sulfur atoms.
A 'portion of sulfur' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:sulfur atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only sulfur atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of tantalumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020044

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only tantalum atoms.
A 'portion of tantalum' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:tantalum atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only tantalum atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of telluriumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0010021

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only tellurium atoms.
A 'portion of tellurium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:tellurium atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only tellurium atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of thalliumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020064

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only thallium atoms.
A 'portion of thallium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:thallium.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only thallium atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of tinc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020088

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only tin atoms.
A 'portion of tin' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:tin atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only tin atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of titaniumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020095

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only titanium atoms.
A 'portion of titanium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:titanium atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only titanium atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of tungstenc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020032

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only tungsten atoms.
A 'portion of tungsten' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:tungsten.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only tungsten c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of uraniumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020090

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only uranium atoms.
A 'portion of uranium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:uranium atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only uranium atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of vanadiumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020093

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only vanadium atoms.
A 'portion of vanadium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:vanadium atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only vanadium atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of xenonc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020070

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only xenon atoms.
A 'portion of xenon' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:xenon atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only xenon atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of yttriumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020052

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only yttrium atoms.
A 'portion of yttrium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:yttrium atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only yttrium atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of zincc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020068

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only zinc atoms.
A 'portion of zinc' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:zinc atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only zinc atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

portion of zirconiumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020053

A Portion Of Matter that consists of only zirconium atoms.
A 'portion of zirconium' is a 'portion of pure chemical element' that 'consists of' only chebi:zirconium atom.
is equivalent to
portion of pure chemical element c and (has part op only zirconium atom c)
has super-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

potash lead glassc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050110

lead glass that utilizes potash as a flux in addition to lead oxide
has super-classes
lead glass c

potassium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26216

has super-classes
metal atom c

powderc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000893

A powder is a dry, solid disconnected material entity aggregate composed of many very fine particles. These particles can flow freely when shaken or tilted.
has super-classes
disconnected material entity aggregate c

praseodymium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49828

has super-classes
lanthanoid atom c

precious metalc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0010014

metal that is rare, naturally occurring, and have high economic value due to their resistance to corrosion, oxidation, and chemical reaction
has super-classes
metal c
has sub-classes
gold metal c, palladium metal c, platinum metal c, rhodium metal c, silver metal c

precipitate rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020002

Precipitate is the role of a portion of matter that implies being hosted in a matrix and the Precipitate derives from the matrix or the Precipitate derives from the thing that the matrix derives from.
has super-classes
role c
is disjoint with
matrix role c

precipitation (phase)c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020154

It proceeds by nucleation and growth.
Precipitation from a supersaturated solid solution is a phase transformation process in which a single supersaturated parent phase decomposes into a solute‑depleted matrix and dispersed, compositionally distinct precipitate phases.
has super-classes
phase transformation c

precision lathec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000894

A precision lathe is a lathe that rotates a workpiece about an axis to perform various operations such as cutting, sanding, drilling, or deformation with extreme accuracy.
has super-classes
lathe c

pressing on - inc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000895

A joining process that involves mechanically pressing one component into or onto another to create a secure fit, thereby establishing a strong mechanical connection.
Source
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-3
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-3
Example 
Clamps, Brackets, Wedging
has super-classes
joining c

pressurec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000896

The pressure is commonly measured in Pascals.
an intensive quality describing the force exerted per unit area in or on a material.
has super-classes
intensive quality c
is disjoint with
temperature c, ASTM grainsize c, aggregate state c, crystal structure c, defect density c, density c, crystallographic texture c, specific surface area c, temperature c, porosity c, grain size distribution c, composition c, metallic grain structure c

pressure measuring functionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000898

A measuring function performed to determine the pressure of gases or liquids.
has super-classes
measuring function c

primary shapingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000899

A manufacturing process that creates a defined workpiece from shapeless material by producing cohesion, whereby the characteristic properties of the material become visible in the end product.
Source
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 4, 3.1.1 Urformen - Definition
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Seite 4, 3.1.1 Urformen - Definition
Example 
Casting, Sintering
has super-classes
manufacturing process c
has sub-classes
primary shaping by additive manufacturing c, primary shaping by welding c, primary shaping from the chip or fiber state c, primary shaping from the gaseous or vapor state c, primary shaping from the granular or powdered state c, primary shaping from the ionized state c, primary shaping from the liquid state c, primary shaping from the plastic state c, primary shaping from the pulpy or pasty state c

primary shaping by additive manufacturingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000900

A primary shaping process that involves forming materials through additive manufacturing techniques.
Example 
3D printing of polymer objects.
has super-classes
primary shaping c

primary shaping by weldingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000901

A primary shaping process that involves forming materials by welding.
Example 
Fabrication of steel structures using welding techniques.
has super-classes
primary shaping c

primary shaping from the chip or fiber statec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000902

A primary shaping process that involves forming materials from a chip or fiber state.
Example 
Compression molding of wood chips into particle boards.
has super-classes
primary shaping c

primary shaping from the gaseous or vapor statec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000903

A primary shaping process that involves forming materials from a gaseous or vapor state.
Example 
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) for thin film production.
has super-classes
primary shaping c

primary shaping from the granular or powdered statec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000904

A primary shaping process that involves forming materials from a granular or powdered state.
Example 
Powder metallurgy for creating metal parts.
has super-classes
primary shaping c

primary shaping from the ionized statec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000905

A primary shaping process that involves forming materials from an ionized state.
Example 
Plasma arc welding.
has super-classes
primary shaping c

primary shaping from the liquid statec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000906

A primary shaping process that involves forming materials from a liquid state.
Example 
Casting of molten metal into molds.
has super-classes
primary shaping c

primary shaping from the plastic statec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000907

A primary shaping process that involves forming materials from a plastic state.
Example 
Thermoforming of plastic sheets.
has super-classes
primary shaping c
has sub-classes
blow molding c, calendering c, compression molding c, drawing forming c, extrusion c, injection molding c, injection-compression molding c, modelling c

primary shaping from the pulpy or pasty statec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000908

A primary shaping process that involves forming materials through the transition from a pulpy or pasty state into a solid form.
Example 
Pottery
has super-classes
primary shaping c

processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000015

(Elucidation) p is a process means p is an occurrent that has some temporal proper part and for some time t, p has some material entity as participant
Example 
An act of selling; the life of an organism; a process of sleeping; a process of cell-division; a beating of the heart; a process of meiosis; the taxiing of an aircraft; the programming of a computer
has super-classes
occurrent c
has sub-classes
absorption of radiation c, aging process c, biological process c, change of temperature c, chemical reaction c, corrosion c, crystallization c, curing c, deformation c, diffraction c, diffusion c, emission of radiation c, evolution of damage c, fatigue (reaction to repetitive loading) c, flow of electric charge c, formation of notch or scratch c, generation of magnetic field c, geological process c, heat flow c, history c, impact c, material reacting process c, mechanical process c, phase transformation c, planned process c, polymerization c, process chain c, recrystallization c, reversible process c, stimulating process c, transport c, wave c
is in domain of
changes quality op, concretizes op, has input op, has process attribute op, occupies spatiotemporal region op, occupies temporal region op, occurs in op, realizes op
is in range of
environs op, has realization op, is concretized as op
is disjoint with
temporal region c, spatiotemporal region c, process boundary c

process attributec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000008

Process attribute for a process has a similar application to specifically dependened continuant (SDC) for an independent continuant (IC). Furthermore, process attribute describes how SDCs of some participants, i.e., ICs, change in a process. Specific rates, e.g., tensile rate, cooling rate, etc. should be added as subclasses of this class.
a process attribute is a dependent occurrent that existentially depends on a process.
Current version:
Renamed to avoid confusion with has characteristic object property
Example 
Tensile rate in a tensile testing process. Cooling rate in a quenching process
has super-classes
occurrent c
has sub-classes
activation energy c, flow c, frequency c, half-life c
is in domain of
refers to op
is in range of
has process attribute op

process boundaryc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000035

p is a process boundary =Def p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts
Example 
The boundary between the 2nd and 3rd year of your life
has super-classes
occurrent c
is in domain of
occupies spatiotemporal region op, occupies temporal region op, occurs in op
is in range of
environs op
is disjoint with
temporal region c, spatiotemporal region c, process c

process chainc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020143

A process chain is a process that 'has continuant part' subprocesses S1...Sn where S1...Sn precede each other and where some object or object aggregate that are output of Sn are then input to Sn+1.
has super-classes
process c

product (chemical reaction)c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020144

Product is the role of a material entity that is output of a chemical reaction and is created or transformed during the reaction.
has super-classes
role c

profile (semi finished product)c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020182

A profile is a long object with determined section shape that may bear a semi finished product role. At the same time it may be a material.
has super-classes
object c
is disjoint with
fluid (object) c, ingot c, sheet c, billet c, foil c, coil (coiled sheet) c, plate c, bar c, rod c, wire (semi finished product) c, tube c, pipe c

promethium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33373

has super-classes
lanthanoid atom c

proportionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020101

A proportion is a relational quality between two entities (the whole and the part) which quantifies the relation between the whole and its part.
has super-classes
relational quality c
has sub-classes
mass proportion c, molar proportion c, volume proportion c
is disjoint with
bond c

protactinium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33386

has super-classes
metal atom c

publicationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000311

A document that is the output of a publishing process.
Revisit the term in Octorber 2020. Improve the defintion.
Example 
journal article, newspaper story, book, etc.
is equivalent to
document c and (is specified output of op only publishing process c)
has super-classes
document c

publishing processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000444

A planned process of making information, such as literature, music, and software etc., available to the public for sale or for free.
Source
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publishing
has super-classes
completely executed planned process c

pure substancec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60003

A pure substance is a chemical substance composed of multiple molecules, which are all of the same kind.
Example 
Pure water, a portion of iron atoms. In contrast, salt water 'has part' a portion of pure water and a portion of pure NaCl. Steel 'has part' a 'portion of pure iron', a 'portion of pure carbon' and possibly portions of other alloying- and impurity-elements.
has super-classes
chemical substance c
has sub-classes
portion of pure chemical element c

pyrex-type glassc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050107

borosilicate glass that is renowned for its high resistance to thermal shock.
has super-classes
borosilicate glass c

qualityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000019

(Elucidation) A quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized
Example 
The colour of a tomato; the ambient temperature of this portion of air; the length of the circumference of your waist; the shape of your nose; the shape of your nostril; the mass of this piece of gold
has super-classes
specifically dependent continuant c
has sub-classes
extensive quality c, intensive quality c, relational quality c, specific strength c
is in range of
changes quality op, has quality op
is disjoint with
realizable entity c

radium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33325

has super-classes
metal atom c

radon atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33314

has super-classes
molecular entity c, nonmetal atom c

realizable entityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000017

(Elucidation) A realizable entity is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region & which is of a type some instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type
Example 
The role of being a doctor; the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet; the function of your reproductive organs; the disposition of your blood to coagulate; the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity
has super-classes
specifically dependent continuant c
has sub-classes
disposition c, force c, phase boundary (realization) c, plan c, role c
is in domain of
has realization op, responds with op
is in range of
realizes op
is disjoint with
quality c

rebound hardnessc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000910

The rebound hardness is representing a measure of a material's hardness based on the height of rebound of a hammer dropped on the material.
has super-classes
hardness c

recipec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0060008

A plan specification that outlines the ingredients, proportions, and procedural steps required to prepare a specific product, typically in cooking, manufacturing, or chemical processes.
has super-classes
plan specification c

recrystallizationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020196

process in which a new, defect-free grain structure forms in a material from an existing deformed grain structure.
has super-classes
process c

reflectivityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000911

The reflectivity is an optical property that describes the proportion of incident light or radiation that a material reflects.
has super-classes
optical property c
is disjoint with
refraction (optical) c

refraction (optical)c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000790

e.g., air into glass
Optical property which describes the bending of light as it passes from one medium into another due to a change in the light’s speed.
has super-classes
optical property c
is disjoint with
reflectivity c

reinforcement learningc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000913

A deep learning process that involves training models to make sequences of decisions by rewarding desired actions and punishing undesired ones.
Example 
Using RL to optimize the process parameters in additive manufacturing (3D printing) to achieve the desired material properties and reduce defects.
has super-classes
deep learning c

relational qualityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000145

b is a relational quality =Def b is a quality & there exists c and d such that c and d are not identical & b specifically depends on c & b specifically depends on d
Example 
A marriage bond; an instance of love; an obligation between one person and another
has super-classes
quality c
has sub-classes
activity (thermodynamic) c, bond c, driving force of phase in system c, geometric relational quality c, proportion c
is in range of
has relational quality op

removingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000914

A separating process that involves removing material through thermal, chemical and electrochemical methods.
Source
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8590
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8590
Example 
Electrical Discharge Machining, Thermal Ablation
has super-classes
separating c

reversible processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020129

A reversible process is a process whose participants form a thermodynamic system with an entropy S and S remains constant during the process.
has super-classes
process c

rhenium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49882

has super-classes
metal atom c

rheological property analyzing processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000916

A mechanical property analyzing process that determines the flow and deformation behavior of materials under applied forces, including viscosity, elasticity, and plasticity, often through rheometry and viscometry techniques.
has super-classes
mechanical property analyzing process c
has sub-classes
rheometry c, viscometry c

rheometerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000917

A device used to measure the flow and deformation properties of materials, particularly liquids and semi-solids.
has super-classes
device c

rheometryc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000918

Rheological property analyzing process that measures the flow and deformation behavior of materials, including complex fluids and soft solids, to provide comprehensive data on viscoelastic properties using rheometers.
has super-classes
rheological property analyzing process c

rhodium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33359

A cobalt group element atom of atomic number 45.
has super-classes
metal atom c

rhodium metalc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0010019

precious metal consisting primarily of rhodium
has super-classes
precious metal c

rigid polyvinyl chloridec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050014

polyvinyl chloride that is characterized by its stiffness and durability
has super-classes
polyvinyl chloride c

rodc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020178

A rod is a long object with oval or round section that may bear a semi finished product role. At the same time it may be a material.
has super-classes
object c
is disjoint with
fluid (object) c, ingot c, sheet c, billet c, foil c, coil (coiled sheet) c, plate c, bar c, wire (semi finished product) c, tube c, pipe c, profile (semi finished product) c

roentgenium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33368

A copper group element atom with atomic number 111. The the ninth member of the 6d series of transition metals, it is an extremely radioactive, synthetic element. Average mass is around 281.
has super-classes
metal atom c

rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000023

(Elucidation) A role b is a realizable entity such that b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be & b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed
Example 
The priest role; the student role; the role of subject in a clinical trial; the role of a stone in marking a property boundary; the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighbouring administrative territories; the role of a building in serving as a military target
has super-classes
realizable entity c
has sub-classes
blank role c, catalyst c, daughter phase role c, defect role c, device role c, educt c, evaluant role c, filler role c, investigation agent role c, laminate ply role c, manufacturer role c, matrix role c, medical application role c, medium role c, obstacle role c, parent phase role c, polymerisation monomer c, precipitate role c, product (chemical reaction) c, sample role c, sandwich core c, sandwich sheet c, solute role c, solvent role c, stimulus role c, test piece role c, workflow executor role c
is in range of
has role op
is disjoint with
disposition c

rolling millc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020184

A rolling mill is a device that has part some rolling stand and whose specified input participates in some forming process.
has super-classes
device c

rolling standc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020185

A rolling stand is a device that is part of a rolling mill, has some work rolls and participates in a rolling pass.
has super-classes
device c

rubidium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33322

has super-classes
metal atom c

ruthenium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30682

has super-classes
metal atom c

rutherfordium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33346

has super-classes
metal atom c

S53P4 bioglassc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050146

silicate-based bioactive glass formulated with a distinct composition for enhanced bioactivity
has super-classes
silicate-based bioactive glass c

samarium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33374

has super-classes
lanthanoid atom c

sample rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000919

Role of an object, which is a quantity of material taken from a (sample) product, that is sufficient for the purpose of obtaining test pieces.
Source
EN 10021:2006-12 (European standardization committee: CEN/TC 459/SC 12/WG 4)
has super-classes
role c

sandwich corec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000125

a lightweight, low-density material that maintains the separation of face sheets and withstands transverse shear stresses
has super-classes
role c

sandwich panel compositec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000119

A structural composite designed as a lightweight beam or panel consisting of two stiff and strong outer face sheets separated by a lightweight core layer with a low modulus of elasticity
has super-classes
structural composite c

sandwich sheetc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000124

a stiff, strong material that carries bending loads through tensile and compressive stresses when integrated into a panel assembly
has super-classes
role c

sawc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000920

A saw is a device used to cut materials, especially wood. It usually consists of a thin, sharp metal blade fitted with teeth and a handle or frame that allows the user to guide the saw. There are different types of saws designed for different applications, including handsaws, circular saws, hacksaws and band saws. Each type of saw is designed for specific tasks and materials to enable efficient cutting.
has super-classes
has sub-classes
bandsaw c, circular saw c, hacksaw c

scalar value specificationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0001931

A value specification that consists of two parts: a numeral and a unit label
has super-classes
value specification c
has sub-classes
fraction value specification c

scandium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33330

has super-classes
metal atom c

scanning electron microscopec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000922

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a measuring device that produces high-resolution images of a sample surface by scanning it with a focused beam of electrons.
has super-classes
electron microscope c

scratch hardnessc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000924

The scratch hardness is a hardness representing a measure of a material's resistance to deformation or scratching by a harder material.
Source
A measure of a material's resistance to deformation or scratching by a harder material.
has super-classes
hardness c
has sub-classes
Mohs hardness c

scratch testing machinec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000925

A device used to test the scratch resistance of materials by applying a scratching force.
has super-classes
device c

scratch testing processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000926

A mechanical property analyzing process that evaluates a material's resistance to scratching, measuring hardness and adhesion properties.
Example 
Scratch testing of a coated surface to determine the adhesion quality of the coating to the substrate.
has super-classes
mechanical property analyzing process c

screw dislocationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020234

a dislocation characterized by shearing the chrystal by one plane
has super-classes
dislocation c
has sub-classes
mixed dislocation c

seaborgium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33351

has super-classes
metal atom c

sectionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020201

Section is a planar fiat surface cutting across the object
has super-classes
fiat surface c

selenium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27568

has super-classes
chalcogen c, nonmetal atom c

self-diffusion in crystaline solidc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020221

diffusion of entites of a single type in a crystal that consists of entites of this same type
has super-classes
diffusion c

semiconductivityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0090001

Semiconductivity is the disposition of a material to conduct electricity only when a certain level of excitation (via temperature, impurities, photonic excitation, electric field) elevates electrons from the valence band into the conduction band.
has super-classes
material property c

semiconductorc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0090000

A semiconductor is an engineered material representing a class of materials characterized by an electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator. This is a result of a range of inexistent energy states in ther electron configuration between the valence and conduction band (bandgap).
is equivalent to
has disposition op some semiconductivity c
has super-classes
material c
has sub-classes
compound semiconductor c, elemental semiconductor c, hybrid semiconductor c, organic semiconductor c

separatingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000927

A manufacturing process in which the bond between objects is broken, resulting in a partial or complete reduction in cohesion.
Source
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 4, 3.1.3 Trennen - Definition
Example 
Disassembling, Removal
is equivalent to
manufacturing process c and (realizes op some cut function c)
has super-classes
manufacturing process c
has sub-classes
cleaning c, disassembling c, dividing c, machining geometrically defined c, machining geometrically undefined c, removing c

shapec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050155

Extemsive quality, the visible makeup characteristic (spatial form or contour) of a particular item or kind of item.
Source
“Shape.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/shape. Accessed 13 Jan. 2023.
has super-classes
extensive quality c
has sub-classes
geometry shape c
is disjoint with
chemical potential c, electric potential c, size c, mass c, energy c, activity (thermodynamic) c

shape 3dc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050157

A shape 3D is a geometry shape that exists in three dimensions, having length, width, and height, and can be defined by its spatial properties such as volume and surface area.
Example 
Beispiele sind Formen wie Würfel, Kugeln und Pyramiden.
Examples include shapes like cubes, spheres, and pyramids.
has super-classes
geometry shape c

shear testing machinec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000928

A device used to measure the shear strength of materials by applying a shearing force and measuring deformation.
has super-classes
device c

shear testing processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000929

A mechanical property analyzing process that measures a material's response to shear forces, determining its shear strength and shear modulus.
Example 
Shear testing of rivets to ensure they can hold structural components together under lateral loads.
has super-classes
mechanical property analyzing process c

sheetc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020172

A plate is a thin rectangular object that may bear a semi finished product role. At the same time it is a material.
has super-classes
object c
is disjoint with
fluid (object) c, ingot c, billet c, foil c, coil (coiled sheet) c, plate c, bar c, rod c, wire (semi finished product) c, tube c, pipe c, profile (semi finished product) c

silicate ceramicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050041

oxide ceramic consisting primarily of silicon oxide
has super-classes
oxide ceramic c
has sub-classes
aluminosilicate ceramic c, clay-based ceramic c

silicate glassc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050101

glass whose network is based primarily on silica (SiO₂)
has super-classes
glass c
has sub-classes
aluminosilicate glass c, borosilicate glass c, fused silica glass c, lead glass c, silicate-based bioactive glass c, soda-lime glass c

silicate-based bioactive glassc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050144

bioactive silicate glass that is composed primarily of silicate compounds to facilitate bonding with biological tissue
has super-classes
bioactive glass c, silicate glass c
has sub-classes
45S5 bioglass c, S53P4 bioglass c

silicide ceramicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0011032

non-oxide ceramic consisting of a silicon and another element
has super-classes
non-oxide ceramic c

silicon atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27573

has super-classes
metalloid atom c, nonmetal atom c

silicon carbide ceramicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050064

carbide ceramic consisting of silicon carbide
has super-classes
carbide ceramic c

silicon carbide matrix compositec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050079

non-oxide composite that is built with silicon carbide as the primary matrix reinforced by other ceramic phases
has super-classes
non-oxide composite c

silicon dioxidec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30563

A silicon oxide made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a silicon atom is covalently bonded to two oxygens.
has super-classes
molecular entity c

silicon nitride ceramicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050068

nitride ceramic consiting of silicon nitride
has super-classes
nitride ceramic c

silicone rubberc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0090052

synthetic rubber that belongs to crosslinked polysiloxane elastomer family, with organic side groups
Example 
widely used for its broad service temperature range in medical devices, gaskets, and culinary tools
has super-classes
synthetic rubber c

silver atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30512

has super-classes
metal atom c

silver metalc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0010016

precious metal consisting primarily of silver
has super-classes
precious metal c

simulation devicec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000932

A computing device that implements foo as well as consumes and creates simulation objects and parameters.
has super-classes
computing device c

simulation entity rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000051

Simulation entity role is a role that inheres in an independent continuant (IC) and is realized in a simulation process. This role enables the IC to participate in the simulation as a proxy, model, or representative of a real or hypothetical entity within the simulated context
has super-classes

simulation method specificationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000931

A plan specification that specifies the method of creating a computational or physical model to replicate the behavior of a material or system under specific conditions.
has super-classes
plan specification c
has sub-classes
continuous simulation c, deterministic simulation c, discrete-event simulation c, hybrid simulation c, physical simulation c, stochastic simulation c

simulation processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000933

A computing process that models the behavior of a system over time using mathematical or computational techniques.
has super-classes
computing process c
has sub-classes
ab initio molecular dynamics simulation c, deep learning c, empirical potential molecular dynamics simulation c, high throughput simulation c, machine learning c, monte carlo simulation c, multiscale simulation c, structural optimization simulation c

single crystalc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0025014

Single crystal is a crystal which is not part of a polycrystal and its boundaries are its external surfaces.
has super-classes
crystal c

single fatigue testing processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0025020

Mechanical property analyzing process that is an occurent part of a fatigue testing process (S-N testing process). A single fatigue testing process assesses how many cycles a material can withstand under the given loading.
has super-classes
mechanical property analyzing process c

sinteringc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000934

A changing properties of materials process in which granular and powdery materials, which have already been shaped in the first step, are mixed and combined and compacted by heating.
Source
https://industrylist.com/glossar/stoffeigenschaften-aendern/sintern/
Example 
Metal Powder Sintering, Ceramic Sintering
has super-classes
changing properties of material c

sitec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000029

(Elucidation) A site is a three-dimensional immaterial entity whose boundaries either (partially or wholly) coincide with the boundaries of one or more material entities or have locations determined in relation to some material entity
Example 
A hole in a portion of cheese; a rabbit hole; the Grand Canyon; the Piazza San Marco; the kangaroo-joey-containing hole of a kangaroo pouch; your left nostril (a fiat part - the opening - of your left nasal cavity); the lumen of your gut; the hold of a ship; the interior of the trunk of your car; hole in an engineered floor joist
has super-classes
immaterial entity c
has sub-classes
crack c, dislocation c, interstitial site c, notch c, pore c, vacancy (crystal) c
is in domain of
environs op
is in range of
occurs in op
is disjoint with
spatial region c, continuant fiat boundary c

sizec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020132

an extensive quality of a material entity that describes its spatial extend.
has super-classes
extensive quality c
has sub-classes
depth c, diagonal c, length c, volume c
is disjoint with
chemical potential c, electric potential c, mass c, energy c, activity (thermodynamic) c, shape c

sizing sawc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000935

A sizing saw is an industrial circular saw designed for large cutting formats in woodworking and furniture production.
has super-classes
circular saw c

slidec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000936

A moving device that is guided by a part along its path, providing the mount for objects.
has super-classes
device c

slip directionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020208

A slip direction is a fiat line that corresponds to the crystallographic direction along which dislocations glide os a slip plane.
has super-classes
fiat line c

slip planec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020199

A slip plane is a fiat surface that corresponds to a crystallographic plane of a 3D crystal along which dislocations can glide
has super-classes
fiat surface c

slip system (3D)c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020209

Is determined by the Bravais lattice.
specifies the value of the crystal slip plane together with the slip direction.
has super-classes
categorical value specification c

small angle grain boundaryc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020239

a grain boundary whose adjacent crystalls have a small angle of misalignment
has super-classes
grain boundary c

soda-lime glassc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050102

silicate glass that is composed of about 70% silica (SiO₂) with soda (Na₂O) and lime (CaO)
Example 
widely used as common window and container glass.
has super-classes
silicate glass c

sodium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26708

has super-classes
metal atom c

sodium hydroxidec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_32145

has super-classes
molecular entity c

softwarec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000010

Software is a plan specification composed of a series of instructions that can be interpreted by or directly executed by a processing unit.
Source
GROUP: OBI
has super-classes
plan specification c
has sub-classes
software method c

software methodc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000591

A software method (also called subroutine, subprogram, procedure, method, function, or routine) is software designed to execute a specific task.
Source
https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/80
has super-classes
software c
has sub-classes
workflow function c

soldering devicec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000937

A device used for joining materials together by melting and applying a filler metal.
has super-classes
device c

soldering functionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000939

A soldering function is a joining function that is realized in connecting materials using solder.
has super-classes
joining function c

solid solutionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020230

a solution with solid aggregate state
is equivalent to
solution c and (has quality op some aggregate state c and (specified by value op value aggregate state solid ni))
has super-classes
solution c
has sub-classes
interstitital solid solution c, substitutional solid solution c

solute rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020227

role of an entity that is present in minor concentration in a solution
has super-classes
role c
is disjoint with
solvent role c

solutionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020229

A portion of matter that is homogeneous, made up of at least two entity types, one playing the role of sovlent and the others playing the role of solute
is equivalent to
(has member op some pure substance c and (has role op some solute role c)) and (has member op exactly 1 )
has super-classes
portion of matter c
has sub-classes
solid solution c

solvent rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020228

role of an entity that is present in major concentration in a solution
has super-classes
role c
is disjoint with
solute role c

spalling testing machinec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000940

A device used to test the resistance of materials to spalling or flaking under various conditions.
has super-classes
device c

spalling testing processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000941

A mechanical property analyzing process that evaluates the resistance of a material to surface spalling or flaking under high impact or thermal stresses.
Example 
Spalling testing of refractory bricks used in furnaces to ensure their longevity and performance under extreme conditions.
has super-classes
mechanical property analyzing process c

spatial regionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000006

(Elucidation) A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant part of the spatial projection of a portion of spacetime at a given time
Example 
As for zero-dimensional spatial region, one-dimensional spatial region, two-dimensional spatial region, three-dimensional spatial region
has super-classes
immaterial entity c
has sub-classes
one-dimensional spatial region c, three-dimensional spatial region c, two-dimensional spatial region c, zero-dimensional spatial region c
is disjoint with
site c, continuant fiat boundary c

spatiotemporal regionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000011

(Elucidation) A spatiotemporal region is an occurrent that is an occurrent part of spacetime
Example 
The spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumour; the spatiotemporal region occupied by an orbiting satellite
has super-classes
occurrent c
is in domain of
temporally projects onto op
is in range of
occupies spatiotemporal region op
is disjoint with
temporal region c, process c, process boundary c

specialty glassc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050122

glass that is engineered primarily for a targeted functional performance profile
has super-classes
glass c

specific strengthc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0010029

Specific strength is a quality that inheres in a material entity and is defined as the ratio of its tensile strength to its density.
has super-classes
quality c

specific surface areac back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000942

an intensive quality embodying the total surface area of a material per unit of mass or volume.
has super-classes
intensive quality c
is disjoint with
ASTM grainsize c, aggregate state c, crystal structure c, defect density c, density c, crystallographic texture c, pressure c, temperature c, porosity c, grain size distribution c, composition c, metallic grain structure c

specifically dependent continuantc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000020

b is a specifically dependent continuant =Def b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region & which is such that b specifically depends on c
Example 
(with multiple bearers) John's love for Mary; the ownership relation between John and this statue; the relation of authority between John and his subordinates
(with one bearer) The mass of this tomato; the pink colour of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its centre; the smell of this portion of mozzarella; the disposition of this fish to decay; the role of being a doctor; the function of this heart to pump blood; the shape of this hole
has super-classes
continuant c
has sub-classes
quality c, realizable entity c
is in domain of
characteristic measured by assay op, concretizes op
is in range of
assay measures characteristic op, has characteristic op, is concretized as op, refers to op
is disjoint with
independent continuant c, generically dependent continuant c, independent continuant c, generically dependent continuant c

specification datumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0060009

The intent of the specification datum is to express the "Sollwert" of some qualitiy or behavioral material property. Then, the specification datum can be further specified by some value specification.
A directive information entity that provides information of a setpoint of some value, i.e., it is an intended value.
Example 
The setpoint value of a ultimate tensile strength of some steel material
has super-classes
directive information entity c

spectrometerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000944

A spectrometer is a measuring device that measures the properties of light over a specific portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, typically to analyze the composition of a material.
has super-classes
device c

spectroscopy processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000945

A structural property analyzing process that measures the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter to determine e.g. the composition, structure, and other properties of materials.
has super-classes
structural property analyzing process c
has sub-classes
electron spectroscopy c, ion spectroscopy c, laser spectroscopy c, mass spectrometry c, x-ray spectroscopy c

spectrumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000946

A spectrum is a 1-D information content entity that describes the range of wavelengths or frequencies of a physical property, often used in reference to light, sound, or electromagnetic radiation.
has super-classes
1D c
is disjoint with
time series c

speed of soundc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000947

The speed of sound is an acoustic property representing the rate at which sound waves travel through a material, dependent on its density and elastic properties.
has super-classes
acoustic property c

spinodal decompositionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020157

Unlike nucleation and growth transformations, it has no nucleation barrier and proceeds by uphill diffusion and wavelength‑selective amplification of composition modulations, producing an interconnected, compositionally modulated microstructure that coarsens over time.
Spinodal decomposition is a diffusion‑controlled continuous phase transformation in which a single homogeneous solution spontaneously separates into two compositionally distinct phases by amplification of infinitesimal concentration fluctuations.
has super-classes
phase transformation c

stable phasec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020137

See metastable phase
A stable phase is a phase that does not have a "pmd:disposition of a phase to transform" in the "pmd:phase transformation" it participates.
Example 
A phase that participates in a phase transformation pt and pt that is not a metastable phase.
has super-classes
phase (thermodynamic) c
is disjoint with
metastable phase c

stainless steelc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0010003

steel that contains chromium, making it resistant to corrosion (rust).
has super-classes
steel c

stamping pressc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0025021

Stamping press is a metalworking device which is used to shape a cut metal by deforming it with a die.
Source
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stamping_press
has super-classes
device c

state of matter boundaryc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020164

A state of matter boundary is a phase boundary that is realized by the transition from one aggregate state to another aggregate state.
has super-classes
phase boundary (realization) c
has sub-classes
boiling point c, melting point c, sublimation point c, triple point c
is disjoint with
structural boundary c, magnetic boundary c, mixture boundary c

steelc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020096

ferrous metal that consists of iron and carbon and possibly other alloying elements (and possibly impurities)
has super-classes
ferrous metal c
has sub-classes
alloy steel c, chromium steel c, stainless steel c, tool steel c

stiffnessc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000949

The stiffness is a material property describing the resistance of a material to deformation under an applied force.
has super-classes
material property c
has sub-classes
elastic modulus c
is disjoint with
strength c

stimulating processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000950

The stimulating process is a process describing the application of an external influence, such as force, heat, or radiation, to study material response.
is equivalent to
process c and (realizes op some (disposition c or material property c) and (characteristic of op some portion of matter c))
has super-classes
process c

stimulation target rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020135

See 'Stimulus role'
has super-classes
test piece role c

stimulus rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020134

The stimulus role is a role that an object bears in a process when causally influencing another object that bears a stimulation target role in the same process. 'Role' implies here, that the 'bearing' assignment depends on the intent.
has super-classes
role c

stochastic simulationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000951

A simulation method specification that incorporates random variables to model probabilistic systems or processes.
has super-classes
simulation method specification c

stonewarec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050044

natural ceramic that is clay-based, fired at higher temperatures than earthenware to yield a denser, more durable material
has super-classes
natural ceramic c

strengthc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000952

The strength is a material property describing the maximum stress a material can withstand before failure.
has super-classes
mechanical property c
is disjoint with
stiffness c

stretch straightener machinec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020183

A strech straightener machine is a forming machine that is used in a "forming under tensile conditions" process.
has super-classes
forming machine c

strontium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33324

has super-classes
metal atom c

structural and chemical decayc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000953

The structural and chemical decay is an evolution of damage describing the deterioration of a material's structure and composition over time due to environmental or operational conditions.
has super-classes
evolution of damage c
is disjoint with
crack growth c, pore growth c

structural boundaryc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020167

Structural phase boundary is a phase boundary that is realized in the transition from one structure to another structure.
Example 
ɑ-Ɣ transformation in iron at 910 °C
has super-classes
phase boundary (realization) c
is disjoint with
state of matter boundary c, magnetic boundary c, mixture boundary c

structural compositec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000117

composite of material that is multi-layered and normally low-density, engineered for applications requiring structural integrity through high tensile, compressive, and torsional strengths and stiffnesses
has super-classes
composite c
has sub-classes
laminated composite c, sandwich panel composite c

structural materialc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000955

A structural material S is an engineered material which has the disposition to be used for an object O (O consists of S) and O's function is primarily mechanical load carrying.
has super-classes

structural optimization simulationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000956

A simulation process that aims to find the most stable structure of a molecular system by minimizing its energy.
Example 
Optimizing the atomic structure of a catalyst to enhance its performance.
has super-classes
simulation process c

structural property analyzing processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000957

An assay that examines the external and internal structure and morphology of materials, including the arrangement of atoms, crystals, grains, and phases, often using techniques like microscopy and diffraction.
has super-classes
assay c
has sub-classes
chemical composition analyzing process c, chromatography process c, dimension measuring process c, gravimetrical analyzing process c, spectroscopy process c, x-ray analyzing process c

styrene-butadiene rubberc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050033

synthetic rubber and belongs to a family of synthetic random copolymer elastomers of styrene and butadiene, made by emulsion or solution polymerization and typically vulcanized
has super-classes
synthetic rubber c

subject of adjustment rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000959

A device role that is being adjusted. The role is realized in an adjustment process.
has super-classes
device role c

subject of calibration rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000960

A device role that is being calibrated. The role is realized in a calibration process.
has super-classes
device role c

sublimation pointc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000961

The sublimation point is a state of matter boundary realized by transition from the solid state to the gaseous state (or vice versa).
has super-classes
state of matter boundary c
is disjoint with
boiling point c, melting point c, triple point c

substitutional solid solutionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020232

a solid solution whose solute entities occupy lattice points
is equivalent to
solid solution c and (has member op some pure substance c and (has part op some entity c and (top Object Property op some lattice point c)) and (has role op some solute role c))
has super-classes
solid solution c

sulfur atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26833

has super-classes
chalcogen c, nonmetal atom c

superconductingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000111

The disposition of a material to conduct electricity without electrical resistance or infinite electrical conductance respectively.
has super-classes
disposition c

superconducting ceramicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050088

electroceramic that exhibits zero electrical resistance below a critical temperature
is equivalent to
electroceramic c and (has disposition op some superconducting c)
has super-classes
electroceramic c
has sub-classes
bismuth strontium calcium copper oxide ceramic c, yttrium barium copper oxide ceramic c

supercritical fluid chromatography processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000962

A chromatography process that utilizes a supercritical fluid as the mobile phase to separate components, offering higher speed and efficiency compared to traditional methods.
Example 
Supercritical fluid chromatography is used to separate and analyze complex mixtures of polymers and plastics.
has super-classes
chromatography process c

supercritical fluid chromatography systemc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000963

A chromatography system for separating and analyzing compounds using supercritical fluids as the mobile phase in chromatography.
has super-classes
chromatography system c

supervised machine learningc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000964

A machine learning process that learns a function mapping from input data to labeled output data.
Example 
Training a model to predict the tensile strength of a material based on its composition and manufacturing process parameters. This involves using a dataset where the tensile strength is already known (labeled data) to train the model.
has super-classes
machine learning c

surface layer (fiat object part)c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000965

A surface layer (fiat object part) is a fiat object part that is part of only object. The surface layer is the three dimensional region defining the outermost layer of an object, where surface-interactions with other material entities occur. What is considered as the surface is thus defined by the interaction process.
Example 
When considering optical properties of a surface layer (fiat object part) of a polished piece of metal we likely consider a different three dimensional spatial region than when considering the scratch hardness properties of the same polished piece of metal.
has super-classes
fiat object part c
has sub-classes
metallographic section (surface) c
is disjoint with
bulk c

surface profilometerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000966

A device used to measure the surface profile and texture of materials.
has super-classes
device c
has sub-classes
optical profilometer c

symbolc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000028

An information content entity that is a mark(s) or character(s) used as a conventional representation of another entity.
Source
based on Oxford English Dictionary
Example 
a serial number such as "12324X"
a stop sign
a written proper name such as "OBI"
has super-classes
information content entity c
has sub-classes
version number c

syndiotactic polypropylenec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050011

polypropylene in which the methyl groups alternate regularly along the polymer chain
has super-classes
polypropylene c

synthetic rubberc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050032

elastomer that is produced through chemical synthesis to mimic natural rubber’s properties
has super-classes
elastomer c
has sub-classes
ethylene propylene diene monomer c, nitrile butadiene rubber c, polychloropren c, silicone rubber c, styrene-butadiene rubber c

tantalum atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33348

has super-classes
metal atom c

technetium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33353

has super-classes
metal atom c

technical ceramicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050054

ceramics that are engineered for high-performance applications
has super-classes
ceramic c

technical systemc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020153

A technical system is an object aggregate: 1. that is output of a manufacturing process, 2. that has some function 3. whose continuant parts are some components.
has super-classes
object aggregate c

tellurite glassc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050142

glass that is formulated with tellurium oxide to achieve a high refractive index and nonlinear properties
has super-classes
nonlinear optical glass c

tellurium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30452

has super-classes
chalcogen c, metalloid atom c

temperaturec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000967

The concept refers to an absolute temperature, not to be mistaken with temperature difference.
The temperature is a fundamental intensive quality representing the average atomic or molcular movement or vibration of a portion of matter.
has super-classes
intensive quality c
is disjoint with
pressure c, ASTM grainsize c, aggregate state c, crystal structure c, defect density c, density c, crystallographic texture c, pressure c, specific surface area c, porosity c, grain size distribution c, composition c, metallic grain structure c

temperature change devicec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000968

A device that is used for the alteration and adjustment of the temperature of a tangible object or the environment, e.g., a furnace and cooling media.
has super-classes
device c
has sub-classes
cryogenic freezer c, thermocycler c

temperature change functionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000969

A function in heat treatment performed to induce changes in temperature to alter material properties.
has super-classes
function c
has sub-classes
cooling function c, heating function c

temperature measuring functionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000971

A measuring function performed to determine the temperature of an object or environment.
has super-classes
measuring function c

temporal instantc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000203

(Elucidation) A temporal instant is a zero-dimensional temporal region that has no proper temporal part
Example 
The millennium
has super-classes
zero-dimensional temporal region c
is in domain of
first instant of op, last instant of op
is in range of
has first instant op, has last instant op

temporal intervalc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000202

(Elucidation) A temporal interval is a one-dimensional temporal region that is continuous, thus without gaps or breaks
Example 
The year 2018.
has super-classes
one-dimensional temporal region c

temporal propertyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000972

A temporal property is a material property that represents attributes related to the time-dependent behavior of a material or process.
has super-classes
material property c

temporal regionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000008

(Elucidation) A temporal region is an occurrent over which processes can unfold
Example 
As for zero-dimensional temporal region and one-dimensional temporal region
has super-classes
occurrent c
has sub-classes
one-dimensional temporal region c, zero-dimensional temporal region c
is in domain of
has first instant op, has last instant op
is in range of
exists at op, first instant of op, last instant of op, occupies temporal region op, temporally projects onto op
is disjoint with
spatiotemporal region c, process c, process boundary c

temporally qualified continuantc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000068

A temporally qualified continuant is a continuant that, by reference to a determinate temporal region, is such as to possess its properties only for so long as that period obtains, being otherwise in its essentiality unchanged.
is equivalent to
independent continuant c and (exists at op some temporal region c) and (is state of op some independent continuant c and (not (temporally qualified continuant c)))
has super-classes
independent continuant c
is in range of
has state op

tennessine atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_194539

A halogen atom with a symbol Ts and atomic number 117.
has super-classes
nonmetal atom c

tensile testing machinec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000973

A device used to test the tensile strength and elongation of materials by applying a stretching force.
has super-classes
device c

tensile testing processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000974

A mechanical property analyzing process that determines a material's response to tensile forces, measuring its tensile strength, elongation, and Young's modulus.
Example 
Tensile testing of polymer films to ensure they can stretch without breaking in packaging applications
has super-classes
mechanical property analyzing process c

tensile testpiecec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020193

A tensile testpiece is a longitudinal object that has two parts which were designed for gripping (gripping section) at its ends and a part between the gripping sections that has been designed to observe the materials or the objects reaction to tensile loading.
has super-classes
object c

terbium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33376

has super-classes
lanthanoid atom c

test piece preparation processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0001042

A planned processes in which a representative piece of material is extracted from a larger amount and readied for analysis. 
Source
https://www.britannica.com/science/sample-preparation
has super-classes
planned process c

test piece rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000975

Role of object which is a part taken from a specimen or sample; the part has specified dimensions, is machined or un-machined, brought to a required condition for submission to a given test
Source
EN 10021:2006-12 (European standardization committee: CEN/TC 459/SC 12/WG 4)
has super-classes
role c
has sub-classes
stimulation target role c

testing functionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000976

A function performed to assess or evaluate the properties, performance, or quality of materials or devices.
has super-classes
function c

tetraphosphorus decaoxidec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37376

has super-classes
molecular entity c

textile joiningc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000977

A joining process that involves connecting textile materials.
Source
Keine offizielle Definition in DIN
No official definition in DIN
Example 
Sewing, Stapling
has super-classes
joining c

textual entityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000300

A textual entity is a part of a manifestation (FRBR sense), a generically dependent continuant whose concretizations are patterns of glyphs intended to be interpreted as words, formulas, etc.
Example 
Words, sentences, paragraphs, and the written (non-figure) parts of publications are all textual entities
has super-classes
information content entity c
has sub-classes
doc string c, function name c, import path c

thallium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30440

A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek θαλλοσ, a green shoot).
has super-classes
metal atom c

thermal conductivityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000978

The thermal conductivity is a thermal property describing the ability of a material to conduct heat.
has super-classes
thermal property c
is disjoint with
heat capacity c

thermal conductivity measurement processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000979

A thermal property analyzing process that measures the thermal conductivity of a material, determining its ability to conduct heat.
Example 
Measuring the thermal conductivity of a composite material used in aerospace applications to ensure efficient heat dissipation.
has super-classes
thermal property analyzing process c

thermal conductivity measuring functionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000980

A measuring function that inheres in devices used to measure the thermal conductivity of materials.
has super-classes
measuring function c

thermal propertyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000981

A thermal property is a material property representing attributes of a material that describe its behavior under temperature changes, such as thermal conductivity and expansion.
has super-classes
material property c
has sub-classes
heat capacity c, thermal conductivity c

thermal property analyzing processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000982

An assay that measures the thermal behavior of materials, including heat capacity, thermal conductivity, thermal expansion, and phase transitions in response to temperature changes.
has super-classes
assay c
has sub-classes
differential scanning calorimetry process c, differential thermal analysis process c, thermal conductivity measurement process c, thermogravimetric analysis process c, thermomechanical analysis process c

thermochromic glassc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050130

functional glass that changes its optical properties as a function of temperature
has super-classes
functional glass c

thermocouplec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000983

A device for measuring temperature in which a pair of wires of dissimilar metals (such as copper and iron) are joined and the free ends of the wires are connected to an instrument (such as a voltmeter) that measures the difference in potential created at the junction of the two metals.
Source
“Thermocouple.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/thermocouple. Accessed 13 Jan. 2023.
has super-classes
device c

thermocyclerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000984

A thermocycler is a temperature change device that rapidly changes the temperature of a sample in cycles, often used in polymerase chain reactions (PCR).
has super-classes
temperature change device c

thermodynamic systemc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020128

A thermodynamic system is an object aggregate whose objects are bearer of thermodynamic properties. A thermodynamic system environs a thermodynamic process by which the thermodynamic properties of the objects of the thermodynamic system change over time.
has super-classes
object aggregate c

thermogravimetric analysis processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000986

A thermal property analyzing process that measures the change in mass of a material as a function of temperature or time in a controlled atmosphere, determining its thermal stability and composition.
Example 
Thermogravimetric analysis of a metal alloy to determine its oxidation stability at high temperatures.
has super-classes
thermal property analyzing process c

thermomechanical analysis processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000987

A thermomechanical property analyzing process that measures the dimensional changes of a material as a function of temperature, determining its coefficient of thermal expansion.
Example 
Thermomechanical analysis of a polymer to ensure it maintains dimensional stability under varying temperature conditions.
has super-classes
mechanical property analyzing process c, thermal property analyzing process c

thermomechanical treatmentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000988

A changing properties of material process that involves the simultaneous application of heat and mechanical stresses. Thermomechanical treatment is utilized to alter and improve the material's microstructure and mechanical properties.
Example 
Hot Isostatic Pressing
has super-classes
changing properties of material c

thermoplastic polymerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050004

polymer that becomes moldable when heated and solidifies upon cooling
has super-classes
polymer c
has sub-classes
polybutylene succinate c, polyethylene c, polyethylene terephthalate c, polylactic acid c, polypropylene c, polystyrene c, polyvinyl chloride c

thermosetting polymerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050022

polymer that, once cured, irreversibly sets into a permanent shape
has super-classes
polymer c
has sub-classes
epoxy resin c, melamine formaldehyde c, phenolic resin c, thermosetting polyurethane c, unsaturated polyester resins c, urea formaldehyde c

thermosetting polyurethanec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0090050

thermosetting polymer with carbamate crosslinks
has super-classes
thermosetting polymer c

thicknessc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050153

A length that describes the measured dimension in one direction of a test piece.
has super-classes
length c

thin layer chromatography systemc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000990

A chromatography system used for separating compounds in a sample using a thin layer of adsorbent material on a plate.
has super-classes
chromatography system c

thin-layer chromatography processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000989

A chromatography process that separates non-volatile mixtures by applying a sample on a thin layer of an adsorbent material and using a solvent to move the components up the layer based on their affinities.
Example 
Using thin-layer chromatography to analyze the composition of a polymer mixture to identify different components.
has super-classes
chromatography process c

thoriumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33385

has super-classes
metal atom c

three-dimensional spatial regionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000028

(Elucidation) A three-dimensional spatial region is a whole consisting of a spatial volume together with zero or more spatial volumes which may have spatial regions of lower dimension as parts
Example 
A cube-shaped region of space; a sphere-shaped region of space; the region of space occupied by all and only the planets in the solar system at some point in time
has super-classes
spatial region c
has sub-classes
unit cell (3D crystal) c
is disjoint with
two-dimensional spatial region c, zero-dimensional spatial region c, one-dimensional spatial region c

thulium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33380

has super-classes
lanthanoid atom c

time seriesc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000992

A time series is a 1-D information content entity defined by a sequence of data points collected or recorded at successive time intervals, used for analyzing temporal properties or trends.
has super-classes
1D c
is disjoint with
spectrum c

time unitc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UO_0000003

A unit which is a standard measure of the dimension in which events occur in sequence.
has super-classes
unit c

tin atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27007

has super-classes
metal atom c

titania ceramicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050060

oxide ceramic composed of titanium dioxide, used for its photocatalytic and pigment properties
has super-classes
oxide ceramic c

titanium alloyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020189

non-ferrous metal consisting primarily of titanium combined with other elements
has super-classes
alloy c, non-ferrous metal c

titanium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33341

has super-classes
metal atom c

titanium diboride ceramicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050072

boride ceramic that is a non-oxide ceramic composed of titanium and boron, valued for its high hardness and melting point
has super-classes
boride ceramic c

titanium matrix compositec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0090005

metal matrix composite, consisting of a titanium or titanium alloy matrix and one or more reinforcement materials
has super-classes
metal matrix composite c

tool steelc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0010004

steel with tailored mechanical properties
has super-classes
steel c

torsion testing machinec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000994

A device used to test the resistance of materials to twisting forces by applying a torque and measuring the resulting deformation.
has super-classes
device c

torsion testing processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000995

A mechanical property analyzing process that assesses a material's behavior when subjected to twisting forces, determining its torsional strength and shear modulus.
Example 
Evaluating the torsional strength of a metal rod used in a mechanical shaft to prevent failure under rotational loads.
has super-classes
mechanical property analyzing process c

toughened (tempered) glassc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050126

glass that is mechanically treated to increase its strength and safety
is equivalent to
glass c and (is specified output of op some hardening c)
has super-classes
engineered material c, glass c
has sub-classes
aluminosilicate gorilla glass c, chemically strengthened glass c, ion-exchanged glass c

transmission electron microscopec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0025008

An electron microscope that produces high-resolution images of a sample's internal structure by transmitting electrons through the sample.
has super-classes
electron microscope c

transparent glass-ceramicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050132

glass-ceramics that are engineered to maintain optical transparency despite partial crystallization
has super-classes
glass-ceramic c

transportc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020245

is a process in which an entity being moved within or accross another entity
has super-classes
process c
has sub-classes
continous transport c

triple pointc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000996

a state of matter boundary (point) realized by transition from the solid state to the liquid state or the the gaseous state (or vice versa).
has super-classes
state of matter boundary c
is disjoint with
boiling point c, melting point c, sublimation point c

tubec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020180

A tube is a long object with a hollow section and moderate wall thickness that may bear a semi finished product role. At the same time it may be a material.
has super-classes
object c
is disjoint with
fluid (object) c, ingot c, sheet c, billet c, foil c, coil (coiled sheet) c, plate c, bar c, rod c, wire (semi finished product) c, pipe c, profile (semi finished product) c

tungstenc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27998

has super-classes
metal atom c

tungsten carbide ceramicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050065

carbide ceramic with tungsten
has super-classes
carbide ceramic c

twin boundaryc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020240

grain boundary without distorted lattice
has super-classes
grain boundary c

two-dimensional spatial regionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000009

(Elucidation) A two-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is a whole consisting of a surface together with zero or more surfaces which may have spatial regions of lower dimension as parts
Example 
The surface of a sphere-shaped part of space; an infinitely thin plane in space
has super-classes
spatial region c
is disjoint with
zero-dimensional spatial region c, one-dimensional spatial region c, three-dimensional spatial region c

ultrasonic cleanerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000997

A device that uses ultrasound and a cleaning solvent to clean delicate or complex items.
has super-classes
cleaning device c

ultraviolet visible spectrophotometerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000998

A device used to measure the absorbance of a sample in the ultraviolet and visible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
has super-classes
device c

uncertaintyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0001036

A quantitative indication of the doubt about a measurement result, expressing the range within which the true value is expected to lie.
has super-classes
information content entity c

unitc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UO_0000000

A unit of measurement is a standardized quantity of a physical quality.
has super-classes
measurement unit label c
has sub-classes
mass percentage based unit c, mass volume percentage based unit c, mole fraction based unit c, time unit c

unit cell (3D crystal)c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020206

A unit cell (3D crystal) is a three-dimensional spatial region that represents the smallest repeating region whose spatial translation reproduces a crystal lattice.
has super-classes
three-dimensional spatial region c

unsaturated polyester resinsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0090051

thermosetting polymer system of unsaturated polyester prepolymers in reactive vinyl monomers; it cures by radical crosslinking into rigid networks
has super-classes
thermosetting polymer c

unsupervised machine learningc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0001003

A machine learning process that identifies patterns and relationships in data without using labeled outcomes.
Example 
Using clustering algorithms to group similar materials based on their properties (e.g., hardness, elasticity, thermal conductivity) without prior knowledge of the categories. For instance, discovering new categories of alloy compositions that exhibit similar thermal properties.
has super-classes
machine learning c

uranium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27214

has super-classes
metal atom c

urea formaldehydec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050029

thermosetting polymer formed from urea and formaldehyde, commonly used in adhesives and molding compounds.
has super-classes
thermosetting polymer c

vacancy (crystal)c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020224

site at lattice point at which the crystal forming entity is missing
has super-classes
site c

vacancy diffusionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020223

diffusion process in which crystal forming entities move from lattice points to vacant adjacent lattice points
has super-classes
diffusion c

validationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0302911

a planned process with objective to check that the accuracy or the quality of a claim or prediction satisfies some criteria and which is assessed by comparing with independent results
Source
adapted from wordnet (wkipedia)
Example 
PMID: 18557814 . Chemical and genetic validation of dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase as a drug target in African trypanosomes. Mol Microbiol. 2008 Jun 16.
has super-classes
completely executed planned process c

value specificationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0001933

An information content entity that specifies a value within a classification scheme or on a quantitative scale.
Example 
The value of 'positive' in a classification scheme of "positive or negative"; the value of '20g' on the quantitative scale of mass.
has super-classes
information content entity c
has sub-classes
categorical value specification c, date value specification c, scalar value specification c, vector field specification c
is in domain of
has specified numeric value dp, has specified value dp, specifies value of op
is in range of
has value specification op

vanadium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27698

has super-classes
metal atom c

vector field specificationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000007

Vector field specification is a value specification that represents an assignment of a vector to each point in a discretized spatial region.
has super-classes
value specification c

version numberc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000129

A version number is an information content entity which is a sequence of characters borne by part of each of a class of manufactured products or its packaging and indicates its order within a set of other products having the same name.
has super-classes
symbol c

viscometerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0001004

A device used to measure the viscosity of liquids, providing information about their flow properties.
has super-classes
device c

viscometryc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0001005

A rheological property analyzing process that measures the viscosity of a fluid, which is its resistance to gradual deformation by shear or tensile stress, using viscometers or rheometers.
has super-classes
rheological property analyzing process c

volumec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020150

Volume is a three dimensional size.
has super-classes
size c

volume proportionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020104

Volume proportion is a proportion which quantifies the volume of the part relative to the volume of the whole.
has super-classes
proportion c
is disjoint with
mass proportion c, molar proportion c

water purification systemc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0001006

A water purification system is a device used to remove contaminants from water to produce clean and safe drinking water.
has super-classes
device c

waterjet cutterc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0001007

A device that utilizes a high-pressure stream of water or a water stream with abrasive particles to cut materials such as metal, stone, plastic, etc.
has super-classes

wavec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020215

may propagate through a medium or vacuum characterized by frequency, wavelength, and speed
is a process of a propagating of disturbance that transports energy and momentum
has super-classes
process c
has sub-classes
acoustic wave c

wear testing machinec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0001009

A device used to test the wear resistance of materials by subjecting them to abrasive conditions.
has super-classes
device c

wear testing processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0001010

A mechanical property analyzing process that evaluates the resistance of a material to wear and abrasion, simulating real-life conditions of friction.
Example 
Wear testing of automotive brake pads to ensure longevity and performance under repetitive braking conditions.
has super-classes
mechanical property analyzing process c

welding devicec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0001011

A device used for joining materials by melting them together, typically with the addition of a filler material.
has super-classes
device c
has sub-classes
cnc welding machine c, electron beam welding machine c

welding functionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0001013

A welding function is a joining function that is realized in fusing materials by welding.
has super-classes
joining function c

widthc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050154

This class describes a horizontal measurement of an object taken at right angles to the length of the object.
has super-classes
length c

wire (semi finished product)c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020179

This class does not include cables or other compound structures.
A wire is a long and somewhat flexible object that may bear a semi finished product role. At the same time it is a material.
has super-classes
object c
is disjoint with
fluid (object) c, ingot c, sheet c, billet c, foil c, coil (coiled sheet) c, plate c, bar c, rod c, tube c, pipe c, profile (semi finished product) c

workflow definitionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000012

A plan specification that prescribes the ordered application of one or more workflow functions, including their interconnections via input and output specifications, in order to achieve a specified computational objective.
has super-classes
plan specification c

workflow executor rolec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000634

A role that inheres in an agent and is realized by the agent’s participation in a workflow run, in which the agent carries out, controls, or is responsible for the execution of a workflow according to a workflow definition.
has super-classes
role c

workflow functionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000010

A plan specification representing a callable software method that prescribes a specific computational action, including execution instructions and a defined set of input and output specifications.
has super-classes
software method c

workflow nodec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000011

A computing process that executes a workflow function within a workflow run, consuming input data and producing output data according to the function’s specifications.
has super-classes

workflow runc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000016

A computing process that realizes a workflow definition by executing its prescribed workflow nodes in a concrete temporal order, consuming and producing specific data items.
has super-classes

x-ray analyzerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0001021

A device used to analyze the composition and properties of materials through X-ray techniques such as diffraction or fluorescence.
has super-classes
device c

x-ray analyzing processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0001014

A structural property analyzing process that uses X-rays to investigate the internal structure, composition, and properties of materials by measuring the interaction of X-rays with the sample.
has super-classes
structural property analyzing process c
has sub-classes
x-ray computed tomography c, x-ray diffraction process c, x-ray mapping c, x-ray microanalysis c

x-ray computed tomographyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0001015

A X-ray analyzing process, that uses X-rays to create detailed cross-sectional images of an object.
Example 
For example, X-ray Computed Tomography can be used to analyze the porosity of cement. This process allows researchers to visualize and quantify the distribution, size, and connectivity of pores within the cement.
has super-classes
x-ray analyzing process c

x-ray computed tomography systemc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0001022

A device that uses X-ray computed tomography techniques to produce cross-sectional images of a material.
has super-classes
device c

x-ray diffraction processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0001016

An X-ray analyzing process, that involves the interaction of X-rays with the crystalline structure of a material.
Example 
XRD is used to e.g. determine the crystal structure of newly synthesized compounds to determine the crystal lattice arrangement.
has super-classes
x-ray analyzing process c

x-ray diffractometerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0001020

An X-Ray diffractometer is a measuring device that determines the crystal structure of materials by analyzing the diffraction patterns of X-rays passed through a sample.
has super-classes
device c

x-ray mappingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0001017

An X-ray analyzing process, that generates a spatial distribution map of the elements within a specimen by scanning the sample with an electron or X-ray beam and detecting the emitted X-rays, providing detailed compositional information across the sample's surface.
Example 
An example of an X-ray Mapping process is X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy, X-ray Fluorescence, or X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy.
has super-classes
x-ray analyzing process c

x-ray mapping devicec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0001023

A device used for mapping the spatial distribution of elements or compounds within a material using X-ray fluorescence or diffraction techniques.
has super-classes
device c

x-ray microanalysisc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0001018

An X-ray analyzing process that determines the elemental composition and chemical properties of a specimen by detecting and analyzing the characteristic X-rays emitted from the sample when it is irradiated with a focused electron beam.
Example 
An example for X-ray Microanalysis process is Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy.
has super-classes
x-ray analyzing process c

x-ray microanalysis systemc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0001024

A device used for microanalysis of materials using X-ray techniques to determine elemental composition at a microscopic scale.
has super-classes
device c

x-ray spectroscopyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0001019

A spectroscopy process, that analyzes the interaction of X-rays with matter to determine the material's composition and structure.
Example 
Examples are e.g. X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray emission spectroscopy, and X-ray reflection spectroscopy.
has super-classes
spectroscopy process c

xenon atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49957

has super-classes
molecular entity c, nonmetal atom c

ytterbiumc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33381

has super-classes
lanthanoid atom c

yttria-stabilized zirconia ceramicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050058

zirconia ceramic stabilized with yttria to enhance its thermal and mechanical performance
has super-classes
zirconia ceramic c

yttrium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33331

has super-classes
metal atom c

yttrium barium copper oxide ceramicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050089

oxide is a superconducting oxide ceramic that is composed of yttrium, barium, copper, and oxygen, notable for its high critical temperature
has super-classes
oxide ceramic c, superconducting ceramic c

zero-dimensional spatial regionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000018

(Elucidation) A zero-dimensional spatial region is one or a collection of more than one spatially disjoint points in space
Example 
The spatial region occupied at some time instant by the North Pole
has super-classes
spatial region c
is disjoint with
two-dimensional spatial region c, one-dimensional spatial region c, three-dimensional spatial region c

zero-dimensional temporal regionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000148

(Elucidation) A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is a whole consisting of one or more separated temporal instants as parts
Example 
A temporal region that is occupied by a process boundary; the moment at which a finger is detached in an industrial accident
has super-classes
temporal region c
has sub-classes
temporal instant c
is disjoint with
one-dimensional temporal region c

zinc alloyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0010012

non-ferrous metal consisting primarily of zinc combined with other elements
has super-classes
alloy c, non-ferrous metal c

zinc atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27363

has super-classes
metal atom c

zirconia ceramicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050057

oxide ceramic consisting primarily of zirconium oxide
has super-classes
oxide ceramic c
has sub-classes
magnesia-stabilized zirconia ceramic c, yttria-stabilized zirconia ceramic c

zirconia matrix compositec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050077

oxide-oxide composite that uses zirconia as the primary matrix reinforced by additional oxide phases
has super-classes
oxide-oxide composite c

zirconium atomc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33342

has super-classes
metal atom c

zirconium diboride ceramicc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050073

boride ceramic that is a non-oxide ceramic composed of zirconium and boron, known for its excellent thermal conductivity and stability
has super-classes
boride ceramic c

zirconium-based metallic glassc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050152

amorphous metal glass that is composed mainly of zirconium, valued for its corrosion resistance and strength
has super-classes
amorphous metal glass c

Object Properties

achieves_planned_objectiveop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000417

This relation obtains between a planned process and a objective specification when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process.
Source
PPPB branch derived
Example 
A cell sorting process achieves the objective specification 'material separation objective'
has domain
completely executed planned process c
has range
objective specification c

assay measures characteristicop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0009006

A relation between an assay and a characteristic, in which the assay generates a data item which is a measure of a characteristic.
Example 
A mass measurement assay measures an material's mass characteristic. A radioactivity detection assay measures the amount of radiation (alpha, beta or gamma ray emmissions) coming from a material.
has range
specifically dependent continuant c
is inverse of
characteristic measured by assay op

causally influencesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020021

An entity (that is bearer of some stimulation role) causally influences another entity (that is bearer of the stimulation target role) in a process iff the target objects qualites (and/or realizable entities?) are altered in a manner that is significant in the given context/domain of discourse..
has super-properties
interacts with op
has domain
has role op some stimulus role c
has range
has role op some stimulation target role c

changes qualityop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0025013

indicates that a process changes a quality
has domain
process c
has range
quality c

characteristic measured by assayop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0009007

Inverse of 'assay measures characteristic'
has domain
specifically dependent continuant c
is inverse of
assay measures characteristic op

characteristic ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000052

a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence.
Note that this relation was previously called "inheres in", but was changed to be called "characteristic of" because BFO2 uses "inheres in" in a more restricted fashion. This relation differs from BFO2:inheres_in in two respects: (1) it does not impose a range constraint, and thus it allows qualities of processes, as well as of information entities, whereas BFO2 restricts inheres_in to only apply to independent continuants (2) it is declared functional, i.e. something can only be a characteristic of one thing.
Example 
this fragility is a characteristic of this vase
this red color is a characteristic of this apple

has characteristics: functional

has sub-properties
disposition of op, function of op, quality of op, role of op
is inverse of
has characteristic op

complies withop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0001026

complies with is a relation between an independent continuant and an information content entity (e.g., specification or objective) that it conforms to.
has super-properties
is subject of op
has domain
independent continuant c
has range
information content entity c

concretizesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000059

A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants can concretize the same generically dependent continuant.
Example 
A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The quality (a specifically dependent continuant) concretizes the journal article (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant).
An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process).
has domain
process c or specifically dependent continuant c
has range
generically dependent continuant c
is inverse of
is concretized as op

denoted byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000235

inverse of the relation 'denotes'
has domain
entity c
has range
information content entity c
is inverse of
denotes op

denotesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000219

A primitive, instance-level, relation obtaining between an information content entity and some portion of reality. Denotation is what happens when someone creates an information content entity E in order to specifically refer to something. The only relation between E and the thing is that E can be used to 'pick out' the thing. This relation connects those two together. Freedictionary.com sense 3: To signify directly; refer to specifically
Source
Conversations with Barry Smith, Werner Ceusters, Bjoern Peters, Michel Dumontier, Melanie Courtot, James Malone, Bill Hogan
Example 
A person's name denotes the person. A variable name in a computer program denotes some piece of memory. Lexically equivalent strings can denote different things, for instance "Alan" can denote different people. In each case of use, there is a case of the denotation relation obtaining, between "Alan" and the person that is being named.
has super-properties
is about op
has domain
information content entity c
has range
entity c
is inverse of
denoted by op

derives fromop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0001000

a relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity
Example 
this cell derives from this parent cell (cell division)
this nucleus derives from this parent nucleus (nuclear division)
is inverse of
derives into op

derives intoop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0001001

a relation between two distinct material entities, the old entity and the new entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity
Example 
this parent cell derives into this cell (cell division)
this parent nucleus derives into this nucleus (nuclear division)
is inverse of
derives from op

disposition ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000092

inverse of has disposition
This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020.
has super-properties
characteristic of op
is inverse of
has disposition op

endsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002229

inverse of ends with
has super-properties
part of op
is inverse of
ends with op

ends withop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002230

x ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) ∧ ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.

has characteristics: transitive

has super-properties
has part op
is inverse of
ends op

environsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000183

b environs c =Def c occurs in b
Example 
Mouth environs process of mastication; city environs traffic
has domain
site c or material entity c
has range
process c or process boundary c
is inverse of
occurs in op

executesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/STATO_0000102

relationship between a planned process and the plan specification that it carries out; it is defined as equivalent to the composed relationship (realizes o concretizes)
Source
AGB
has sub-property chains
realizes op o concretizes op

exists atop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000108

(Elucidation) exists at is a relation between a particular and some temporal region at which the particular exists
Example 
First World War exists at 1914-1916; Mexico exists at January 1, 2000
has domain
entity c
has range
temporal region c

first instant ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000221

t first instant of t' =Def t is a temporal instant & t' is a temporal region t' & t precedes all temporal parts of t' other than t
Example 
An hour starting at midnight yesterday has first instant midnight yesterday
has domain
temporal instant c
has range
temporal region c
is inverse of
has first instant op

function ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000079

a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020.
Example 
this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme
has super-properties
characteristic of op
has domain
function c
is inverse of
has function op

has characteristicop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000053

Inverse of characteristic_of
Example 
this apple is bearer of this red color
this vase is bearer of this fragility

has characteristics: inverse functional

has sub-properties
has disposition op, has function op, has quality op, has role op
has range
specifically dependent continuant c
is inverse of
characteristic of op

has dispositionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000091

a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
has super-properties
has characteristic op
has domain
independent continuant c
has range
disposition c
is inverse of
disposition of op

has first instantop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000222

t has first instant t' =Def t' first instant of t
Example 
The first hour of a year has first instant midnight on December 31

has characteristics: functional

has domain
temporal region c
has range
temporal instant c
is inverse of
first instant of op

has functionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000085

a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
Example 
this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function)
has super-properties
has characteristic op
has domain
independent continuant c
has range
function c
is inverse of
function of op

has historyop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000185

b has history c =Def c history of b
Example 
This organism has history this life
has domain
material entity c
has range
history c
is inverse of
history of op

has inputop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002233

p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p.
has super-properties
has participant op
has domain
process c
is inverse of
input of op
has sub-property chains
starts with op o has input op

has last instantop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000224

t has last instant t' =Def t' last instant of t
Example 
The last hour of a year has last instant midnight December 31

has characteristics: functional

has domain
temporal region c
has range
temporal instant c
is inverse of
last instant of op

has measurement unit labelop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000039

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties
has part op
has range
measurement unit label c

has memberop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002351

has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item.
Source
SIO

has characteristics: irreflexive

has super-properties
has part op
is inverse of
member of op

has occurrent partop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000117

b has occurrent part c =Def c occurrent part of b
Example 
Mary's life has occurrent part Mary's 5th birthday

has characteristics: transitive

has super-properties
has part op
has sub-properties
has proper occurrent part op, has temporal part op
has domain
occurrent c
has range
occurrent c
is inverse of
occurrent part of op

has outputop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002234

p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present in the same state at the beginning of p.
has super-properties
has participant op
is inverse of
output of op
has sub-property chains
ends with op o has output op

has partop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051

a core relation that holds between a whole and its part
Example 
my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities)
my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity)
this year has part this day (occurrent parthood)

has characteristics: transitive

has super-properties
has part op
has sub-properties
ends with op, has measurement unit label op, has member op, has occurrent part op, has part op, has value specification op, starts with op
is inverse of
part of op

has participantop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000057

a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
Example 
this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot
this investigation has participant this investigator
this process has participant this input material (or this output material)
has sub-properties
has input op, has output op, has specified input op, has specified output op
has domain
occurrent c
has range
continuant c
is inverse of
participates in op
has sub-property chains
has part op o has participant op

has process attributeop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000009

A relation between a process and a process attribute that depends on it.
Example 
Tensile testing process has process attribute tensile rate
has domain
process c
has range
process attribute c
is inverse of
process attribute of op

has proper occurrent partop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000118

b has proper occurrent part c =Def b has occurrent part c & b and c are not identical
Example 
As for has occurrent part.

has characteristics: transitive

has super-properties
has occurrent part op
has domain
occurrent c
has range
occurrent c
is inverse of
proper occurrent part of op

has proper temporal partop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000181

b has proper temporal part c =Def c proper temporal part of b
Example 
As for has temporal part.
has super-properties
has temporal part op
has domain
occurrent c
has range
occurrent c
is inverse of
proper temporal part of op

has qualityop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000086

a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
Example 
this apple has quality this red color
has super-properties
has characteristic op
has range
quality c
is inverse of
quality of op

has realizationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000054

b has realization c =Def c realizes b
Example 
As for realizes
has domain
realizable entity c
has range
process c
is inverse of
realizes op

has relational qualityop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0025998

a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a relational quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
Example 
material has relational quality mass proportion m, and portion of iron has the same relational quality mass proportion m
has domain
independent continuant c
has range
relational quality c
is inverse of
relational quality of op
has sub-property chains
has part op o has relational quality op

has roleop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000087

a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
Example 
this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator)
has super-properties
has characteristic op
has domain
independent continuant c
has range
role c
is inverse of
role of op

has specified inputop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000293

The inverse property of is specified input of
Example 
see is_input_of example_of_usage
has super-properties
has participant op
has domain
completely executed planned process c
is inverse of
is specified input of op

has specified outputop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000299

The inverse property of is specified output of
has super-properties
has participant op
has domain
completely executed planned process c
is inverse of
is specified output of op

has stateop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000069

relates an anchor continuant to a temporally qualified continuant that represents a specific temporal phase of its existence.

has characteristics: inverse functional

has domain
continuant c and (not (temporally qualified continuant c))
has range
temporally qualified continuant c
is inverse of
is state of op

has temporal partop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000121

b has temporal part c =Def c temporal part of b
Example 
Your life has temporal part the first year of your life

has characteristics: transitive

has super-properties
has occurrent part op
has sub-properties
has proper temporal part op
has domain
occurrent c
has range
occurrent c
is inverse of
temporal part of op

has value specificationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0001938

A relation between an information content entity and a value specification that specifies its value.
Source
OBI
has super-properties
has part op
has domain
information content entity c
has range
value specification c

history ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000184

(Elucidation) history of is a relation between history b and material entity c such that b is the unique history of c
Example 
This life is the history of this organism

has characteristics: functional, inverse functional

has domain
history c
has range
material entity c
is inverse of
has history op

in response toop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0001028

inverse of responds with
is inverse of
responds with op

input ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002352

inverse of has input
has super-properties
participates in op
is inverse of
has input op

intended to realizeop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/COB_0000081

interacts withop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020020

A relation between participants of a process indicating that some of the participants SDCs are affected during the process due to the interaction of the participants.

has characteristics: symmetric

has sub-properties
causally influences op
has domain
material entity c
has range
material entity c

is aboutop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000136

A (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity.
Source
Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy
Example 
This document is about information artifacts and their representations
has sub-properties
denotes op, is quality measurement of op, is quality specification of op, specifies value of op
has domain
information content entity c
is inverse of
is subject of op

is concretized asop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000058

A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant or process, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant or process in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant or process also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants or processes.
Example 
A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The journal article (a generically dependent continuant) is concretized as the quality (a specifically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant).
An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process).
has domain
generically dependent continuant c
has range
process c or specifically dependent continuant c
is inverse of
concretizes op

is quality measured asop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000417

inverse of the relation of is quality measurement of
is inverse of
is quality measurement of op

is quality measurement ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000221

m is a quality measurement of q at t. When q is a quality, there is a measurement process p that has specified output m, a measurement datum, that is about q
has super-properties
is about op
has domain
measurement datum c
is inverse of
is quality measured as op

is quality specification ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000418

A relation between a data item and a quality of a material entity where the material entity is the specified output of a material transformation which achieves an objective specification that indicates the intended value of the specified quality.
has super-properties
is about op
is inverse of
quality is specified as op

is specified input ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000295

A relation between a completely executed planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
Example 
some Autologous EBV(Epstein-Barr virus)-transformed B-LCL (B lymphocyte cell line) is_input_for instance of Chromum Release Assay described at https://wiki.cbil.upenn.edu/obiwiki/index.php/Chromium_Release_assay
has super-properties
participates in op
has range
completely executed planned process c
is inverse of
has specified input op

is specified output ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000312

A relation between a completely executed planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
has super-properties
participates in op
has range
completely executed planned process c
is inverse of
has specified output op

is state ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000070

relates a temporally qualified continuant to the unique anchor continuant that it is a temporal phase of

has characteristics: functional

is inverse of
has state op

is subject ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000004

Inverse of 'is about'.
has sub-properties
complies with op, specified by value op
is inverse of
is about op

is_manufactured_byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000304

c is_manufactured_by o means that there was a process p in which c was built in which a person, or set of people or machines did the work(bore the "Manufacturer Role", and those people/and or machines were members or of directed by the organization to do this.
Example 
http://www.affymetrix.com/products/arrays/specific/hgu133.affx is_manufactered_by http://www.affymetrix.com/ (if we decide to use these URIs for the actual entities)
has domain
material entity c
has range
manufacturer c

last instant ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000223

t last instant of t' =Def t is a temporal instant & t' is a temporal region & all temporal parts of t' other than t precede t
Example 
Last midnight is the last instant of yesterday
has domain
temporal instant c
has range
temporal region c
is inverse of
has last instant op

located inop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0001025

a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location
Example 
my brain is located in my head
this rat is located in this cage

has characteristics: transitive

has domain
independent continuant c
independent continuant c and (not (spatial region c))
has range
independent continuant c
independent continuant c and (not (spatial region c))
is inverse of
location of op
has sub-property chains
located in op o part of op

location ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0001015

a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location
Example 
my head is the location of my brain
this cage is the location of this rat

has characteristics: transitive

is inverse of
located in op

member ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002350

is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection.
Source
SIO
Example 
An organism that is a member of a population of organisms
has super-properties
part of op
is inverse of
has member op

occupies spatiotemporal regionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000200

(Elucidation) occupies spatiotemporal region is a relation between a process or process boundary p and the spatiotemporal region s which is its spatiotemporal extent
Example 
A particle emitted by a nuclear reactor occupies the spatiotemporal region which is its trajectory

has characteristics: functional

has domain
process c or process boundary c
has range
spatiotemporal region c

occupies temporal regionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000199

p occupies temporal region t =Def p is a process or process boundary & the spatiotemporal region occupied by p temporally projects onto t
Example 
The Second World War occupies the temporal region September 1, 1939 - September 2, 1945

has characteristics: functional

has domain
process c or process boundary c
has range
temporal region c

occurrent part ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000132

(Elucidation) occurrent part of is a relation between occurrents b and c when b is part of c
Example 
Mary's 5th birthday is an occurrent part of Mary's life; the first set of the tennis match is an occurrent part of the tennis match

has characteristics: transitive

has super-properties
part of op
has sub-properties
proper occurrent part of op, temporal part of op
has domain
occurrent c
has range
occurrent c
is inverse of
has occurrent part op

occurs inop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000066

b occurs in c =Def b is a process or a process boundary & c is a material entity or site & there exists a spatiotemporal region r & b occupies spatiotemporal region r & for all time t, if b exists at t then c exists at t & there exist spatial regions s and s' where b spatially projects onto s at t & c occupies spatial region s' at t & s is a continuant part of s' at t
Example 
A process of digestion occurs in the interior of an organism; a process of loading artillery rounds into a tank cannon occurs in the interior of the tank
has domain
process c or process boundary c
has range
site c or material entity c
is inverse of
environs op

output ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002353

inverse of has output
has super-properties
participates in op
is inverse of
has output op

part ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050

a core relation that holds between a part and its whole
Example 
my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities)
my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity)
this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood)

has characteristics: transitive

has sub-properties
ends op, member of op, occurrent part of op, starts op
is inverse of
has part op

participates inop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000056

a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
Example 
this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation
this input material (or this output material) participates in this process
this investigator participates in this investigation
has sub-properties
input of op, is specified input of op, is specified output of op, output of op
has domain
continuant c
has range
occurrent c
is inverse of
has participant op

preceded byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000062

x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
b preceded by c =Def b precedes c
Example 
The temporal region occupied by the second half of the match is preceded by the temporal region occupied by the first half of the match

has characteristics: transitive

has domain
occurrent c
has range
occurrent c
is inverse of
precedes op

precedesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000063

x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
(Elucidation) precedes is a relation between occurrents o, o' such that if t is the temporal extent of o & t' is the temporal extent of o' then either the last instant of o is before the first instant of o' or the last instant of o is the first instant of o' & neither o nor o' are temporal instants
Example 
The temporal region occupied by Mary's birth precedes the temporal region occupied by Mary's death.

has characteristics: transitive

has domain
occurrent c
has range
occurrent c
is inverse of
preceded by op

process attribute ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0025006

A relation between a process attribute and a process, which "bears" the attribute.
Example 
Tensile rate is a process attribute of tensile test
is inverse of
has process attribute op

proper occurrent part ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000138

b proper occurrent part of c =Def b occurrent part of c & b and c are not identical
Example 
As for occurrent part of.

has characteristics: transitive

has super-properties
occurrent part of op
has domain
occurrent c
has range
occurrent c
is inverse of
has proper occurrent part op

proper temporal part ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000136

b proper temporal part of c =Def b temporal part of c & not (b = c)
Example 
As for temporal part of.
has super-properties
temporal part of op
has domain
occurrent c
has range
occurrent c
is inverse of
has proper temporal part op

quality is specified asop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000419

inverse of the relation of is quality specification of
is inverse of
is quality specification of op

quality ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000080

a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020.
Example 
this red color is a quality of this apple
has super-properties
characteristic of op
has domain
quality c and (not (relational quality c))
is inverse of
has quality op

realizesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000055

Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process
(Elucidation) realizes is a relation between a process b and realizable entity c such that c inheres in some d & for all t, if b has participant d then c exists & the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c
Example 
A balding process realizes a disposition to go bald; a studying process realizes a student role; a process of pumping blood realizes the pumping function of a heart
has domain
process c
has range
realizable entity c
is inverse of
has realization op

refers toop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020127

Despite has characteristic from RO does not have any domain constraints, it is still not possible to directly connect an instance of a process with an instance of a SDC. First, SDC is dependent on a IC. As RO does not have "bearer of" object property, the "has characteristic" implies that the domain should be an IC. Second, characteristic of is a functional property. Thus, two triples SDC_1 characteristc of IC_1 and SDC_2 characteristc of Process_1 (where IC_1 participates in Process_1), cannot exist simultaneously. An example of such case can be "Temperature of during the annealing process was 1000°C". Temperature is an SDC of some participant of the annealing, however it is not clear whether it is an SDC of an oven or of a sample in the oven. If we assert triple Annealing--> has characteristic --> Temperature 1000°C, then the correct triple connecting temperature SDC with either oven or specimen cannot exist.
a relation between a process attribute and an SDC of some participant in a process
Example 
a relation to between a process attribute an a SDC of some participant in a process.
has domain
process attribute c
has range
specifically dependent continuant c

relational quality ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0025999

a relation between a relational quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
Example 
mass proportion m is relational qualitiy of material, and the same mass proportion m is relational qualitiy of portion of iron
is inverse of
has relational quality op
has sub-property chains
relational quality of op o part of op

responds withop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0001029

The realizable entity must be "stimulated" by some Stimulus in order to respond with the Response. The bearer of the realizable entity must participate in Stimulation as well as in Response.
has domain
realizable entity c
is inverse of
in response to op

role ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000081

a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020.
Example 
this investigator role is a role of this person
has super-properties
characteristic of op
is inverse of
has role op

simultaneous withop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002082

x simultaneous with y iff ω(x) = ω(y) and ω(α ) = ω(α), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point and '=' indicates the same instance in time.
t1 simultaneous_with t2 iff:= t1 before_or_simultaneous_with t2 and not (t1 before t2)

specified by valueop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000077

A relation between an entity and a value specification which is about this entity.
has super-properties
is subject of op
is inverse of
specifies value of op

specifies value ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0001927

A relation between a value specification and an entity which the specification is about.
has super-properties
is about op
has domain
value specification c
is inverse of
specified by value op

startsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002223

inverse of starts with
Source
Allen
has super-properties
part of op
is inverse of
starts with op

starts withop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002224

x starts with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: α(y) = α(x) ∧ ω(y) < ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
Example 
Every insulin receptor signaling pathway starts with the binding of a ligand to the insulin receptor

has characteristics: transitive

has super-properties
has part op
is inverse of
starts op

temporal part ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000139

b temporal part of c =Def b occurrent part of c & (b and c are temporal regions) or (b and c are spatiotemporal regions & b temporally projects onto an occurrent part of the temporal region that c temporally projects onto) or (b and c are processes or process boundaries & b occupies a temporal region that is an occurrent part of the temporal region that c occupies)
Example 
Your heart beating from 4pm to 5pm today is a temporal part of the process of your heart beating; the 4th year of your life is a temporal part of your life, as is the process boundary which separates the 3rd and 4th years of your life; the first quarter of a game of football is a temporal part of the whole game

has characteristics: transitive

has super-properties
occurrent part of op
has sub-properties
proper temporal part of op
has domain
occurrent c
has range
occurrent c
is inverse of
has temporal part op

temporally projects ontoop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000153

(Elucidation) temporally projects onto is a relation between a spatiotemporal region s and some temporal region which is the temporal extent of s
Example 
The world line of a particle temporally projects onto the temporal region extending from the beginning to the end of the existence of the particle

has characteristics: functional

has domain
spatiotemporal region c
has range
temporal region c

Data Properties

has default literal valuedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0001877

specifies a default value
has super-properties
has value dp

has parameter positiondp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0001857

specifies the position of a parameter in a programming function
has super-properties
has value dp
has range
int

has specified numeric valuedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0001937

A relation between a value specification and a number that quantifies it.
Source
OBI
has super-properties
has specified value dp
has domain
value specification c

has specified valuedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0002135

A relation between a value specification and a literal.
Source
OBI
has sub-properties
has specified numeric value dp
has domain
value specification c

has urldp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://nfdi.fiz-karlsruhe.de/ontology/NFDI_0001008

A relation between an information content entity and its specific url.

has valuedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000006

data property that relates an information content entity to a literal
has sub-properties
has default literal value dp, has parameter position dp
has domain
information content entity c

in XSD Date-Timedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2006/time#inXSDDateTime

Position of an instant, expressed using xsd:dateTime

Annotation Properties

abbreviationap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0050117

A textual annotation used to specify a commonly accepted abbreviation, acronym, or shortened form of a class label. This property is intended to support concise referencing of ontology classes, especially when standard abbreviations are widely used in practice.
Example 
"DNA" for "Deoxyribonucleic Acid"
has super-properties
alt Label ap

alt Labelap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel

has sub-properties
abbreviation ap

bibliographic Citationap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/bibliographicCitation

commentap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#comment

contributorap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/contributor

createdap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/created

creatorap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator

curator noteap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000232

An administrative note of use for a curator but of no use for a user

dcterms:licenseap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/license

definitionap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000115

The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.
Source
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>

definitionap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition

definition sourceap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000119

Formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007
Source
Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w

descriptionap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/description

editor noteap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000116

An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology.
Source
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obofoundry.org/obo/obi>
has sub-properties
pattern example ap, term tracker annotation ap

exampleap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example

example of usageap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000112

A phrase describing how a term should be used and/or a citation to a work which uses it. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding, such as widely know prototypes or instances of a class, or cases where a relation is said to hold.
Source
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>

has cross-referenceap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasDbXref

An annotation property that links an ontology entity or a statement to a prefixed identifier or URI.
Example 
disease characteristic (MONDO:0021125) has cross-reference (http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasDbXref) "NCIT:C41009"^^xsd:string

has exact synonymap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasExactSynonym

An alternative label for a class or property which has the exact same meaning than the preferred name/primary label.

isInMinimalProfileap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000060

Indicates whether the ontology element is part of the minimal profile of the ontology. Useful for modularization, simplified views, or lightweight implementations.
has range
boolean

labelap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label

pattern exampleap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0000064

An editor note referring to a pattern which shows the usage of this class or property.
has super-properties
editor note ap

repositoryap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://usefulinc.com/ns/doap#repository

Sourceap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/source

A reference to a resource from which the present resource is derived.

sourceap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/source

term replaced byap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0100001

Use on obsolete terms, relating the term to another term that can be used as a substitute
Add as annotation triples in the granting ontology
Source
Person:Alan Ruttenberg

term tracker annotationap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0001032

A term tracker annotation is an editor note used to track the history of an entity. For each change, it records the related GitHub issue and pull request.
has super-properties
editor note ap

term tracker itemap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000233

An IRI or similar locator for a request or discussion of an ontology term.
The 'tracker item' can associate a tracker with a specific ontology term.
Source
Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg
Example 
the URI for an OBI Terms ticket at sourceforge, such as https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/772/

titleap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/title

Named Individuals

aggregate state atom gasni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020121

A gaseous state where the gas entities are atoms.

aggregate state gaseousni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020119

A state where the entities have no bonding.

aggregate state liquidni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020118

A state where the bonds of the entities transmit no shear force.

aggregate state mesomorphicni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020123

A state where some bonds transmit shear stresses and some do not.

aggregate state plasmani back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020120

An aggregate state where the entities are atom nuclei and have no bonds.

aggregate state solidni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020117

A state where the bonds between entities transmit shear forces.

aggregate state supercritical fluidni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020122

A state with strong bindings between entities that do not transmit shear force.

aggregate state suprafluidni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020124

A state with frictionless binding that transmits no shear force between entities.

aggregate state suprasolidni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020125

A state that exhibits suprafluid and solid properties.

austeniteni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020097

bainiteni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020027

bravais lattice cubic body-centeredni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020018

bravais lattice cubic face-centeredni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020019

bravais lattice cubic primitiveni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020017

bravais lattice hexagonal hexagonal primitiveni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020016

bravais lattice hexagonal rhombohedral primitiveni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020015

bravais lattice monoclinic base-centeredni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020008

bravais lattice monoclinic primitiveni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020007

bravais lattice orthorhombic base-centeredni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020010

bravais lattice orthorhombic body-centeredni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020011

bravais lattice orthorhombic face-centeredni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020012

bravais lattice orthorombic primitiveni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020009

bravais lattice tetragonal body-centeredni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020014

bravais lattice tetragonal primitiveni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020013

bravais lattice triclinic primitiveni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020006

ferriteni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020100

ledeburiteni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020107

long range orderni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020219

periodic arrangement of structural features of virtually all entities

martensiteni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020111

medium range orderni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020218

periodic arrangement of structural features of many entities

no range orderni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020242

no periodic arrangement of structural features of entites

pearliteni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020109

short range orderni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020217

periodic arrangement of structural features up to a few entities

widmanstatten structureni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/co/PMD_0020110

SWRL rules

Rule #1back to ToC or SWRL ToC

disposition c(?d) , has characteristic op(?e,?d) -> has disposition op(?e,?d)

Rule #2back to ToC or SWRL ToC

quality c(?d) , has characteristic op(?e,?d) -> has quality op(?e,?d)

Rule #3back to ToC or SWRL ToC

role c(?d) , has characteristic op(?e,?d) -> has role op(?e,?d)

Rule #4back to ToC or SWRL ToC

function c(?d) , has characteristic op(?e,?d) -> has function op(?e,?d)

Legend back to ToC

c: Classes
op: Object Properties
dp: Data Properties
ni: Named Individuals

Changes from last version

Acknowledgments back to ToC

The authors would like to thank Silvio Peroni for developing LODE, a Live OWL Documentation Environment, which is used for representing the Cross Referencing Section of this document and Daniel Garijo for developing Widoco, the program used to create the template used in this documentation.